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THEORY OF SIGNS. THEORY OF TRANSLATION. STANDARDIZATION. USAGE. GEOGRAPHICAL _LINGUISTICS (UDC 812)_
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18454/RULB.2019.19.3.1
ПРАВИЛЬНАЯ РАССТАНОВКА ЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УДАРЕНИЯ В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ С ОБРАТНЫМ ПОРЯДКОМ СЛОВ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ С РУССКОГО НА КОРЕЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
Научная статья
Сергиенко Д.В. *
Российский государственный социальный университет, Москва, Россия * Корреспондирующий автор (sergienkodv[at]inbox.ru)
Аннотация
В статье рассматриваются особенности перевода предложений с обратным порядком слов русского языка на корейский язык, с применением лингвистического и грамматического анализов инверсий в исходном и переводном языках. В результате исследования была выявлены несколько стратегий переводческой деятельности, используемые в зависимости от необходимости семантической интерпретации, а так же на основании необходимости расставления правильного логического ударения на языке перевода в соответствии с исходным текстом. Определена зависимость перевода от грамматического строя предложений в рамках расставления логического ударения и тема-рематического деления языков оригинала и перевода.
Ключевые слова: инверсия, перевод, тема-рематическое деление, логическое ударение, стратегия перевода.
CORRECT PLACEMENT OF LOGICAL STRESS IN A SENTENCE WITH A REVERSE WORDS ORDER IN TRANSLATION FROM RUSSIAN TO KOREAN LANGUAGE
Research article
Sergienko D.V. *
Russian State Social University, Moscow, Russia
* Corresponding author (sergienkodv[at]inbox.ru)
Abstract
The article shows the peculiarities of sentences with the reverse words order translation from Russian language to Korean, using linguistic and grammatical analyzes of inversions in the source and translation languages. The results of the research identifies several translation strategies, used in dependence of need for semantic interpretation, as well as on the basis of the need to arrange the correct logical stress in the target language according to the source text. The dependence of the translation on the grammatical structure of sentences in the framework of the arrangement of the logical stress and the theme-rhematical division of the languages of the original and the translation is determined.
Keywords: inversion, translation, theme-rhematical division, logical stress, translation strategy.
Introduction
Many scientists working in the field of linguistics attribute translation to the most multifaceted and complex phenomena. At the same time, the translation of novels is considered as a true art, since it requires the translator to transmit not only the content, but also the expressive function of the text, achieved by certain language means and the rhythm of a text.
The problem of the full-fledged transfer of artistic text to a foreign language is widely considered in modern domestic and foreign linguistic science. In the works by L. S. Barkhudarov, V. N. Komissarov, V. S. Vinogradov and other scientists the process of translating artistic tests are researched from the point of view of the theoretical linguistic paradigm, highlighting such translation techniques that contribute to the most complete representation of the text in a foreign language [2], [3], [5].
At the same time, there a translator should understand not only the content of the text, but also the pragmatic attitudes of the author of this text, which carry the function of a certain influence on the recipient [1], [4]. Such pragmatic attitudes are realized through non-distorted emotional, evaluative and expressive aspects of language units. [4].
Currently, there are a large number of works that shows researches of various aspects of the theory of artistic text. However, the study of its structure is still an urgent problem within the framework of the modern scientific paradigm, which is conditioned by the presence of unique features in each text, and by the emergence of new, including author, means of artistic expression.
One of the most common stylistic techniques of artistic text in the Russian language is the use of sentences with the reverse word order, which allows to emphasize the most important information in the sentence. This is the manifestation of the theme-rhematical division of the sentence, as well as the rhythm of the text. Thereby, The Queen of Spades by A. Pushkin and its translation into Korean language published by in the volume ^fe ^^ ^^i^», 2015, were
chosen as a material for this research.
Method
In the process of research the novel translation, it is necessary to apply a comprehensive method of analysis. In the framework of this work linguopragmatic and grammatical analyzes, as well as the method of quantitative calculations were used.
Linguistic and pragmatic analysis is aimed at exploring the pragmatic intentions of the author of a work of art.
Within the framework of this study, grammatical analysis is aimed at determining the grammatical structure of a sentence, which makes it possible to determine its theme-rhematical division and a place of logical stress. The method of quantitative calculations is aimed at studying the frequency of using inversion sentences. Discussion
The phenomenon in which there is a generally accepted process of changing the order of words in a sentence is called inversion. As a rule, the reverse order of words in sentences is accompanied by a logical stress or overtills a logical stress on the word being defined. There are several types of sentences with reverse order of words, depending on their syntactic structure.
Quite often in the narrative speech there are inversion sentences, where the Predicate appears in the first place. This technique is used to describe the process or other phenomena where there is a change of events or a description of the scene of action. The Predicate in the first place is a sign of the author's desire to emphasize the significance of the action taking place. «Лиза побежала в свою комнату. Не прошло двух минут, графиня начала звонить изо всей мочи» - «14^—44 ^ 4 4 2 4S 4 44 44 441 41 ^44 4^4» [7]. The syntactic structure of the Korean sentence has a strict order of the parts contained in it, and therefore, putting the Predicate in the Korean sentence in the first place to strengthen the logical stress is not possible. In the original text of the work, the logical stress focuses on the amount of time "two minutes" («двух минут») by putting the verb with the negative particle "not" («не») in the first place. Thereby, in the text of the target language, the translator put an intensifying particle "- S" to the noun "4" .
Also, in Russian there are cases when the Possessive Pronoun is put after the Noun it defines. Such a phenomenon occurs when it is necessary to transfer the logical emphasis on the noun being defined. «Твердость твоя для меня удивительна» -«44 Щ 4S 444 4щЩ» [7]. As in the previous case, the structure of the Korean sentence does not allow the use of the structure of the sentence of the Russian language, therefore, in this case, the amplifying particle "- S" is also used.
«Многочисленная челядь ее, разжирев и поседев в ее передней и девичьей, делала, что хотела, наперерыв обкрадывая умирающую старуху» - «44 44Щ 4i4 41 ^44— 4444 4¥444 4^
44 444 44Щ 444 ™И§4 ЩД —i 44 4 44144» [7]. In the case of this sentence, the translator missed the adjective "numerous" («многочисленная»), in connection with which the logical stress shifted to the impartial circulation. Also, this sentence has inadequate translation and should be translated in a following way: «44 44Щ 444 41
^44— 4444 4¥444 4^ 44 444 44Щ 444 И^Щд 4i 444^ 444».
In the case of a definition, there are two types of inversion sentences: simple inversion, or attribute, and inversion, complicated by a predicative value, or a separate definition.
Of particular interest, due to the complexity of the translation of this construction, cause the inversion of the second type. Inversion, complicated by predicative meaning, is one of the ways of grammatical figuration of a separate definition as a special syntactic category. «Не имея привычки кокетничать с прохожими офицерами, она перестала глядеть на улицу и шила около двух часов, не поднимая головы» - «744f 44— 4^.444 444 ^44— 44 14^^444 44 ^4 — 4^4 §4^ 44e 44 44 Щ 2 444 Т§ ¥44» [7].
This example shows the full compliance of the topic-rhematical division carried by the translator in the target language, but translation was made in inadequate way and should be followed: «44^ 44— 4^.444 444 ^44— 44
14^444 44 ^4 — 4i4 ^if §4^ 44s #4 44 Щ 2 14 ¥4 444 Tf
¥44».
The Object, being a minor member of the sentence, answering the question of indirect cases, in sentences with reverse order of words reinforces the meaning of the additional circumstances of the action that taking place. Supplement helps to strengthen the internal relationship of the sentence. «Отроду не брал он карты в руки, отроду не загнул ни одного пароли, а до пяти часов сидит с нами и смотрит на нашу игру!» - «4 444 4444 — ^—f 44 4 4S
^#14— 44 Щ 4 4S 44. ^44 44 44 44 5144 4441 ^#4— 44 444— 44» [7].
In the case of this example, since the structure of the Korean proposal allows this phenomenon, it is necessary to put the object "since birth" («отроду» - «44 44») in the first place, as it happens in the source text, which is necessary to enhance the logical stress on the Object. Also, for more high level of adequacy translation of this sentence should be followed: «4444
4 444 4^f 44 4 4S 44 Щ 4 4S 44. ^44 444S4 44 5144
4441 ^#4— 44 444 4— 44».
The example «С нею был коротко знаком человек очень замечательный» - «^ 444— 4— 444
444 441 i4 4444» [7] shows that intensification of the Object in Korean language can be achieved using the amplifying particle "-—"" to emphasize the significance of an object of action, phenomenon, or action.
In addition, there is the type of sentences with the reverse word order are sentences where an Adverbial Modifier comes first. This minor member of a sentence indicates a sign of an action or other attribute, explaining the predicate or other members of the sentence.
One type of an Adverbial Modifier is an Adverbial Modifier of place: «Лизавета Ивановна осталась одна: она оставила работу и стала глядеть в окно. Вскоре на одной стороне улицы из-за угольного дома показался молодой офицер» -
«14^4— #1 44 4 44^- 44 44 44^ 4АЩ4 44 4 441 4i41i 4444» [7]. In
this case, an amplifying particle "- —" is also required to enhance the adverbial modifier. But since the use of this particle in one sentence is twice invalid, it is necessary to split the sentence in the target language into two sentences: «#1 44
14^4— 44^ 44 44 44^ 444. ^ 44 444 44 4i¥1i4 44 4я 4 441 4444».
« В свете она играла самую жалкую роль. Все ее знали и никто не замечал; на балах она танцевала только тогда, как недоставало vis-à-vis, и дамы брали ее под всякий раз, как им нужно было идти в уборную поправить что-нибудь в
49
своем наряде» - «4^414 14^41 life 1444 4lfe ЙЙ^4 I41^fe 444
ЙЙ4. т^И 44^ 4441 41 Й4 Ife 44 Ш 4 ЙЙ1, 4441 4^4 41 Й1 4441 4l
4^4 ^^44 14^^41 44 44Й4» [7]. Within this passage, the logical stress and subject-rhematical division is correct, but translation is not adequate: «4^Ц4 14^^41 life 14$$4. ^44 ^Ht 4lfe ЙЙА4
141^fe 444 ЙЙ4. 4^11 44 4 Ш 41 ^14 114 44 Ш4 ЙЙ1 4441 41 4444 41 14 4441 4 114 14^44t 444^. 44».
Another common type of an Adverbial Modifier is the Adverbial Modifier of time: «Однажды играли в карты у конногвардейца Нарумова» - = ^#4 1М 4^4 44^=1 114 4^4» [7]. In the translation of this sentence, the adverbial modifier "once" («однажды») is omitted, in connection with which the following translation option is proposed: «1^ 4 4Ж4 44^=1 114 4^4».
«На другой день она велела позвать мужа, надеясь, что домашнее наказание ад ним подействовало, но нашла его
непоколебимым» - «144 4^, 411fe 444 4^ 411 Т4 s4 Й41 4i 441114
444 ^4 ^4^4, 41 #44 114 ^11 44 14^ 41^ 4i 41^ 44111 i14
441 441 4» [7]. «В то время дамы играли в фараон» - «^Ц 1444 41 44^4fe 444 $fe1---» [7].In these examples, the logical stress is also placed correctly.
An Adverbial Modifier of manner: «Несколько раз начинала она свое письмо, — и рвала его: то выражения казались ей слишком снисходительными, то слишком жестокими» - «^1fe ^^4 444 4441 44 444 ^44 41 ^44 4fe 44 4 411 141 $14» [7]. Although in this case the adverbial modifier "41 ^44 4fe 4 4 4 4 1l" stands at the end of the sentence, a logical emphasis was obtained by applying the description of repetitive actions.
The last type of sentence with the reverse word order is the sentence of the combination of a noun with a numeral, where the numerals have an approximate meaning with the semantics of inaccuracy. «Надобно знать, что бабушка моя, лет шестьдесят тому назад, ездила в Париж и была там в большой моде» - «60 4 41 4114 411
444 Ife 41 1414 14441 44114 1Й1» [7]. In order to impart semantics of inaccuracy and enhance the logical stress in this case, it is necessary to add a particle of approximation "11" and fix a translation in a more
adequate way: «11 60 4 41 4114 411 41^4 44 41 1414 14441 44114 1Й1».
«Дня через два, выходя с графиней садиться в карету, она опять увидела его» - «^41 14 4 44 444 44t 41 ^44 ^ 4^t а 444 1Й4» [7]. In this example, the logical stress is also correct. Results
The results of this research showed that there are several ways to transfer the intensifying effect of a Russian language sentence with the reverse word order to Korean, but this is not always possible to do this in the right way.
To transmit expressive enhancement to Korean, a permutation of some sentence members can be used in the first place in a sentence. Also common is the active use of amplifying particles.
There is a high importance of logical emphasis, which indicates exactly the processes and phenomena that the author wants to highlight. Without correctly transferred logical stress, the reader will not be able to feel the intentions that were laid down in the text by the author.
When using the method of quantitative calculations, it was revealed that the most common in this product inverse sentences were sentences with amplification by means of circumstance and a separate definition, which is 42% for each of these types. Conclusion
Based on the above, it should be noted once again that the translation requires special care and understanding of the linguistic and grammatical properties of the language, as well as the awareness of a different type.
Конфликт интересов Conflict of Interest
Не указан. None declared.
Список литературы / References
1. Алексеев С.А. Передача структуры образов художественного текста в переводе: на материале англо-русских переводов. Дис. ... канд. филол. наук / А.С. Алексеев - Москва, 2009. - 165 с.
2. Бархударов Л.С. Язык и перевод: вопросы общей и частной теории перевода / Л.С. Бархударов - М.: Изд-во ЛКИ, 2008. - 238 с.
3. Виноградов В.С. Введение в переводоведение (общие и лексические вопросы) / В.С. Виноградов - М.: Изд-во Ин-та общ. и сред. образования РАО, 2001. - 224 с.
4. Дотмурзиева З.С. Прагматика англоязычного художественного текста и проблемы прагматики его перевода. Дис. ... канд. филол. наук / З.С. Дортмурзиева - Пятигорск, 2006. - 233 с.
5. Комиссаров В.Н. Семантика перевода / В.Н. Комиссаров - М.: Международные отношения, 1980. с. 51-100.
6. Пушкин А.С. Пиковая Дама / А.С. Пушкин - Электронный ресурс [URL: https ://ilibrary. ru/text/480/p. 7/index.html]
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Список литературы на английском / References in English
1. Alekseev S.A. Peredacha struktuy obrazov xudozhestvennogo teksta v perevode: na materiale anglo-russkix
perevodov [The transfer of the structure of images of the literary text in translation: on the material of the English-Russian translation]. - Moscow, 2009. - P 165 [In Russian]
2. Barxudarov L.S. Yazy'k i perevod: voprosy' obshhej i chastnoj teorii perevoda [Language and Translation: Questions of General and Private Translation Theory]. - M.: Pub. LKI, 2008. - P 238 [In Russian]
3. Vinogradov V.S. Vvedenie v perevodovedenie (obshhie i leksicheskie voprosy') [Introduction to Translation Studies (general and lexical questions)] / V.S. Vinogradov - M.: Pub. In-ta obsh. i sred. obrazovaniya RAO, 2001. - P 224 [In Russian]
4. Dotmurzieva Z.S. Pragmatika angloyazy'chnogo xudozhestvennogo teksta i problemy' pragmatiki ego perevoda [Pragmatics of the English-language literary text and the problems of the pragmatics of its translation]. - Pyatigorsk, 2006. - P 233 [In Russian]
5. Komissarov V.N. Semantika perevoda [Translation semantics]. - M.: Mezhdunarodny'e otnosheniya, 1980. P. 51-100 [In Russian]
6. Pushkin A.S. Pikovaya Dama [The Queen of Spades] / A.S. Pushkin - Electronic resource [URL: https://ilibrary.ru/text/480/p.7/index.html] [In Russian]
7. Pushikin. Spaideu Aewan. Camdoneul juneun saekae danpheun sosul [The Queen of Spades] / Pushikin - Seoul: Sillachulphansa, 2015. P 403-438 [In Korean]
