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12Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, (E)ISSN:2181-1784
educational, natural and social sciences www.oriens.uz
SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7 3(2), Feb., 2023
CORN PESTS AND THEIR CONTROL
Abdukarimova Mamlakat Abdukarimovna
Termiz Institute of Agrotechnologies and Innovative Development.
a.a. mamlakat@gmail .com Kulmurotova Aziza Muhiddinovna Termiz Institute of Agrotechnologies and Innovative Development. azizakulmurotova@gmail .com
ABSTRACT
In this article, we have provided information about the pests of the corn plant. Key words: pocket bugs, Spodoptera frugiperda, Leucan moth, bollworm, autumn moth, caradrina, corn butterfly, corn weevil.
АННОТАЦИЯ
В этой статье мы предоставили информацию о вредителях кукурузы. Ключевые слова: карманные клопы, Spodoptera frugiperda, белянка, коробочная совка, осенняя моль, карадрина, кукурузная бабочка, кукурузный долгоносик.
Pests that are spreading rapidly around the world can cause farmers to suffer and lead to famine. This was reported by the Bloomberg news agency. We are talking about the corn leaf beetle (Spodoptera frugiperda). His worm began to spread from America to Africa and Asia. Dubbed "pocket creatures" because of their viciousness, this worm eats and dries up 186 types of plants, including rice, corn, vegetables, cotton, wheat, soybeans and sugarcane.
It is noted that soon this pest can invade Europe, Australia and Southeast Asia. It was reported that in the 3 years after the insect began to spread in Africa, farmers suffered a loss of 13 billion dollars.
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SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7
3(2), Feb., 2023
The insect can travel up to 100 km in one night, and its larvae can reduce the yield of corn by 50 percent. Tunlam was first identified in Africa in 2016, and now it is found in all sub-Saharan African countries. In July 2018, it was detected in India and Yemen, and in January 2019 in Bangladesh, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand and China. At the same time, the insect is moving towards North America. According to estimates of the US Department of Agriculture, the pest can invade the main agricultural areas of the country.
It is known that this insect cannot tolerate cold temperatures.
Corn pests - there are about 70 species of insects that damage corn. The main ones are: bollworm, caradrina, autumn moth, simkurt, leucan moth, corn borer, corn weevil, corn borer, etc.
Leucan moth (Leucania vitellina Hb.) is an insect belonging to the genus Leucania of the butterfly family. In the phase of 7-9 leaves of corn, it damages leaves, flowers, buds and pods. This plant is affected by 4 types of Leucans .
The wingspan of a butterfly is 40-44 mm. The front wing is pale yellow, with reddish transverse stripes. The worm is 40-45 mm, pink, with black dots on the longitudinal strip of liquid color on the body.
Corn butterfly (Pyrausta nubilalis Hb.) is an insect belonging to the family of butterflies or Lepidoptera. Infected corn stalks and cobs break off. The wingspan of a butterfly is 27-28 mm. Wings yellowish gray, worm up to 25 mm, white or yellowish. There are 4 black spots on the front joints and 2 on the back joints. In the spring, it turns into a bulb inside the stem, and after 10-25 days the butterflies fly out. Butterflies fly in the evenings. The butterfly lives for 3-8 weeks, lays up to 250-350 eggs on the underside of plant leaves and stems. Worms hatched from the eggs feed on leaves up to the age of three, then enter the stem and give 2-3 generations.
The corn aphid (Aphis maridis Fitcn.) is an insect belonging to the family of spp. The length is 1.04-2.18 mm, light green, the head is brown. It infects the leaves, stalks and stalks of corn by sucking, small reddish spots are formed on the leaves and stalks. Severely affected leaves turn yellow and dry up. Gives up to 10 generations per season. It develops very quickly in spring and autumn.
Corn weevil (corn black beetle) (Pedinus femoralis L.) is a beetle belonging to the black beetle family. The length of the body is 7.5-9.6 mm, the color is black, the wings are not developed, and the upper wings are united. The larva is long, yellow. Drought years cause great damage to crops. The beetle and its larva hibernate: In the spring, it lays its eggs in the surface (up to 10 cm deep) layer of the soil where the sun shines well. Egg development lasts 9-15 days. After hibernation, the larva turns
SJIF 2023 = 6.131 / ASI Factor = 1.7
3(2), Feb., 2023
into a mushroom next year in June-July. Young beetles also lay eggs in July. Larvae cause damage by eating the planted seeds and gnawing the root neck of the plant.
The corn borer (Agritosmeticulosus Cand.) is an insect belonging to the family of beetles, or beetles. Mainly, the length of the body is 7.5-9.6 mm. The color is black. The wings are not developed, the upper wings are fused . The larva is wire-like, thin-bodied. 2-2.5 mm long, yellow or brown. The development of the larva lasts for 3-4 years, the mature larvae turn into a cocoon in autumn, and the beetles that emerge from it overwinter. In the pupa or summer of the next year, the beetles emerge from under the soil. The female lays up to 150 eggs singly or in clusters in cracks in the surface layer of the soil or under cuts. Eggs hatch into white larvae with yellow heads in 20-40 days. As the larva grows, its body turns yellow. This insect gnaws and damages the seeds and roots of plants germinating in the soil.
Control measures: it is recommended to carry out agrotechnical measures aimed at eliminating wintering pests, deep plowing of the land, keeping the field clean of plant residues and weeds, seed treatment at planting, spraying insecticides, using trichofammes during the period of gross egg laying of pests and other methods.
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