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© Коршунова И.Г., 2016
УДК 81.25
Коршунова Ирина Григорьевна
ст. преподаватель КФ КрУ МВД России г. Симферополь, РФ e-mail. [email protected]
CONCERNING CLASSIFICATION OF THE YOUTH SLANG
Abstract
The article deals with the youth slang consideration. In most cases the youth slang comprises English borrowings, phonetic associations. Although not everything is suitable in slang, it makes the English speech more vivid flexible and witty.
Key words
Slang, classification, the dynamics of the language, the jargon, standard educated speech, linguistic judgement.
Although purists look down on slang, some language experts view slang as "the people's poetry," [6]. A living language such as English is a dynamic flow of spoken and written terms, eternally evolving. Whenever people use the language they cause it to flow in and around itself, creating new meanings, ways of expression.
Term "slang" reflects the dynamics of the language and therefore is very obscure and ambiguous. Although it is spread so much that now can easily be found practically in all kinds of contemporary literary works, yet it is not easy to develop mechanism for identifying it.
There is hardly any other term that is as ambiguous and obscure as the term slang. Slang is a controversial topic nowadays, and the debate on its definitions, classification and linguistic relevance is still heated.
Some scholars divide the English language into two different languages: the Standard English language and slang. This fact proves that slang comes to be a very numerous part of English. Ignorance of slang causes a great miscommunication between students and native speakers. That is why studying the youth slang is of primary importance.
Webster's "Third New International Dictionary" gives the following definition of the term slang: [3].
1. Language peculiar to a particular group as:
a) the special and often secret vocabulary used by a class (as thieves, beggars) and usually felt to be vulgar or inferior: argot;
b) the jargon used by or associated with a particular trade, profession, or field of activity.
2. A non-standard vocabulary composed of words and senses characterized primary by connotations of extreme informality and usually a currency not limited to a particular region and composed typically of coinages or arbitrarily
_МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ «СИМВОЛ НАУКИ» №4/2016 ISSN 2410-700Х_
changed words, clipped or shortened forms, extravagant, forced or facetious figures of speech, or verbal novelties usually experiencing quick popularity and relatively rapid decline into disuse [3, 1231]. The "New Oxford English Dictionary" give another definition of slang: [4].
a) the special vocabulary used by any set of persons of a low or disreputable character; language of a low and vulgar type;
b) the cant or jargon of a certain class or period;
c) language of a highly colloquial type considered as below the level of standard educated speech, and consisting either of new words or of current words employed in some special sense [4].
According to David Crystal, "slang is a colloquial departure from standard usage; it is often imaginative, vivid, and ingenious in its construction."
According to professor Curzan, slang is very hard to define, but that doesn 't mean we shouldn't try! David Crystal gives us a great start. Jonathan Lighter, a leading expert on slang, has described slang as "intentionally undignified, startling, or amusing". [5]. As it is seen from these quotations slang is represented both as a special vocabulary and Curzan: as a special language. This causes confusion. If this is a certain lexical layer, than why should it be given the rank of language or a dialect of even a patois, and then it should be characterized not only by its peculiar use of words but also by phonetic, morphological and syntactical peculiarities.
Slang is a way to strengthen community — to establish who is in a group and to differentiate one group from another. It allows people to be creative and playful, to make other people laugh, to establish solidarity with someone, to offend, to do social commentary. All of us are creative with language all the time, and slang is often language at its most creative.
Many slang words become absorbed into the English language permanently, but some new words are only fashionable for a period then just disappear.
Much slang is ephemeral and will fairly quickly give way to new slang as it loses its originality and, therefore, some of its power to surprise. Think about "yolo" (you only live once), which was suddenly everywhere last year, but much harder to find this year: will that word survive the next few years or has its moment already passed? Then some slang will eventually become standardfor example, "banter," "mob," "bubble." And then occasionally a slang word will stay slangy for a surprisingly long time - the word "cool" is a good example. There exist different types of slang classifitions, one of them comprises:
polari ( professional slang), Internet slang (gamers', computer, SEO - Search Engine Optimization), slang of army, police, money slang.
It is obvious that the study of non-standard varieties of language is of little use in teaching communication skills or preparing for examinations - but any disapproval of slang can only be a social and not a linguistic judgement. The youth slang is an interesting linguistic phenomenon which is limited not Only which age frames but social frames as well. It exists among young people as well as in separate more or less closed referent groups.
But what is the difference between the youth slang and some other types of slang?
The main idea of the youth slang is that it serves for people's communication of the same age. The peculiarity of the youth slang is that it is based on the realities of young people. Due to the knowledge of this specific language, the young people consider themselves to be members of some closed society. Slang making is widely spread among young people because they want to be independent. They want to stay aside from the world of grown-ups "coding" their own language.
Although not everything is suitable in slang, it makes the English speech more vivid flexible and witty. References
1. Andersson, L.G. and P. Trudgill P. "Bad Language" London: Penguin Books, 1990, - 340p.
2. Rampton, B., Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among Adolescents, Harlow and New York: Longman, 2005
3. Third New International Dictionary, Publisher: Merriam-Webster, 1993, - 2662 p.
4. http://www.oed.com/public/welcome/welcome-to-the-new-edition
5. http://www.decodedscience.org/slang-humans-linguistic-creativity-at-work-not-linguistic-corruption/30363
6. https://www.ted.com/.../anne_curzan_what_ma...
© Коршунова И.Г., 2016
