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1 reaches 0.9 and that between CV 2 and PC 2 equals 0.5. According to the results of both analyses, the Mamisondon people are autochthonous, possibly with some admixture from the Alans. Our data suggest that Adygeis are the most similar to Mamisondon people among the modern groups. The specific position of Mamisondon on CV 3 shows that random microevolutionary processes were an important factor in the population history of this group possibly due to its geographic isolation.
Key words: North Caucasus, Alan Culture, Middle ages, craniometry, nonmetric cranial traits
Contact information: Berezina Natalia, e-mail: [email protected].
NEW DATA ON A MEDIEVAL COPTIC POPULATION OF DAIR AL-BANAT,
THE FAYOUM OASIS, EGYPT
Borutskaya Svetlana
Department of Anthropology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
The medieval site of Dair al-Banat is situated in the Eastern part of the Fayoum governorate in a deserted area about 2 km from the monastery of Dair al-Malak. All female long bones from that cemetery were very gracile and so were all male arm bones. Most male femora and tibiae were gracile, but some were very robust. The estimated stature of Dair al-Banat men is average - 169.5 cm (range, 163-179 cm), and that of women equals 155.4 cm (range, 150-160.5 cm). Also, we studied limb proportions of males and females. Both were characterized by relatively long legs, forearms and shins, and relatively narrow shoulders and hips. All female arm bones and some male arm bones have weak muscular attachments. In certain men the insertion areas of the following arm muscles were well developed: tuberositas deltoidea, cristae tuberculi majoris and minoris, tuberositas ulnae, tuberositas radii and supinator relief. The leg bones of most individuals showed well developed attachment sites for muscles such as tuberositas glutea, linea intertrochanterica, trochanter major, epicondili medialis and lateralis femoris, tuberositas tibiae, and linea musculi solei. We conclude that people of Dair al-Banat spent much time walking. The typical postcranial pathology is the osteoporosis of long bones. Frequent cases of palatine porosity, cribra orbitalia, and periodontosis are accompanied by tooth loss.
Key words: physical anthropology, osteology, muscular attachments, Egypt, Copts
Contact information: Borutskaya Svetlana, e-mail: [email protected].
COMPOSITE PORTRAITS OF SOUTHERN SINAI BEDOUINS
Chumakova Anna1, Maurer Andrey1, Kobyliansky Eugene2
1Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 2Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
The aim of the study was to create series of composite portraits (CP) of southern Sinai Bedouins based on photographs of the Israeli expedition of 1979-82 and using new digital technologies. For that purpose, 89 photographs of adult Bedouins in two norms—full face and profile, and those of 116 children aged 7-15 were processed with the "Face on Face" software (Savinetsky-Syroezhkin). Anthropometric and descriptive traits of the head and face were analyzed. CP were collected to specify the information about different aspects of anthropological variability in Bedouin tribes. Three adult and five children's portraits reflect age-specific characteristics; the profile portrait provides information on the vertical facial profile and nasal morphology. Integral visual images representing various tribes and subtribes as well as the general portrait of the
19 Конгресс Европейской Антропологической Ассоциации Вестник Московского университета. Серия XXIII
МГУ имени М.В.Ломоносова, Москва, 25-29 августа, 2014 АНТРОПОЛОГИЯ — 3/2014
adult part of the whole population were generated. Our analysis of metric and nonmetric facial variation in Bedouin subtribes revealed a number of significant differences (in transverse dimensions and height of the face, eye and hair pigmentation, and hair form). Various Bedouin tribes, then, differ in important features of appearance. Results of visual analysis of composite portraits are comparable with biometric data. In some cases the CP method is more informative. For example, CP of the homogeneous Muzeina tribe and the tribal group "others" are consistent with metric information; CP of Gebelia subtribes of patchy origin visualize and complete the numeric information. The profile portrait adds information on a number of features: height and overall profile of nasal bridge, morphology of supraorbital and chin areas.
Key words: ethnic anthropology, composite portraits, South Sinai Bedouins, facial morphology
Contact information: Chumakova Anna, e-mail: [email protected].
CEPHALOMETRIC VARIATION AMONG THE TURKMEN
OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA
Dubova Nadezhda
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Cephalometric data on Turkmen males (N=240) living in the Stavropol and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia since the XVII century are analyzed (the material was collected by this author and O. Babakov in 1987 in eight settlements of the Stavropol Province and in two in the Volga delta). Thirteen traditional head and face dimensions were included. All statistics were performed using Statistica 8.0 software. The analysis of variance showed no significant differences between the Chovdur, Igdir, Abdal and Suyundzhadzhi tribes (Wilks' lambda = 0.712135; F=1.53). Differentiation between villages is stronger (Wilks' lambda = 0.405974; F=1.80). Discrimination of the total population by either criteria ("tribe" and "village") shows no effect for total head and face measurements. Differences concern mainly details of facial morphology (tribes differ in zygomatic and nasal breadth; villages, in these features plus minimal frontal breadth, zygomatic breadth, and upper lip height). Based on the above traits, correct tribe attribution is possible only in 48.75% of individuals ranging from 39.5% in Abdal to 84.6% in Suyundzhadzhi. Correct village attribution was possible in 37.9% (Funtovo, 60.4%;Sharahalsun, 51.3%). Variation among all the Turkmen tribes (N=1064 individuals) is greater than in southern Russia alone (Wilks' lambda = 0.322341; F=10.8). However, correct classification in that case was possible only in 37.4% of cases (Stavropol Turkmen, 57.4%; Nohurly of Turkmenistan, 47.6%; Astrakhan groups, 10.5%). Weighted pair-group clusterization links South Russian Turkmen with Ersari of Middle Amudarya, Igdyrs and Chovdurs of Northern Turkmenistan. Tajiks, Turkmen, Kirghizes, Uzbeks and other Central Asian peoples (N=3895) were correctly classified in 54.9% of cases (Wilks' lambda = 0.38396; F=38.27), and Turkmen groups alone, in 81.8% (Tajiks, 75.9%; Karakalpaks, 1.7%, Uzbeks, 8.6%). In the same sample, Stavropol Turkmen were correctly attributed in 22.8%, those of Astrakhan, in 1.8%. Cephalometric traits, then, do not distinguish the Turkmen of southern Russia from other Central Asian populations. Descriptive traits appear to be more efficient. The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for the Humanities , project 12-01-00235).
Key words: Turkmen, anthropometry, cephalometric traits, Stavropol and Astrakhan regions, ANOVA, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis
Contact information: Dubova Nadezhda, e-mail: [email protected].
Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series 23 ANTHROPOLOGIYA — 3/2014
19th Congress of the European Anthropological Association Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia, 25th - 29th August, 2014
