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Section HUMAN DIVERSITY
adult part of the whole population were generated. Our analysis of metric and nonmetric facial variation in Bedouin subtribes revealed a number of significant differences (in transverse dimensions and height of the face, eye and hair pigmentation, and hair form). Various Bedouin tribes, then, differ in important features of appearance. Results of visual analysis of composite portraits are comparable with biometric data. In some cases the CP method is more informative. For example, CP of the homogeneous Muzeina tribe and the tribal group "others" are consistent with metric information; CP of Gebelia subtribes of patchy origin visualize and complete the numeric information. The profile portrait adds information on a number of features: height and overall profile of nasal bridge, morphology of supraorbital and chin areas.
Key words: ethnic anthropology, composite portraits, South Sinai Bedouins, facial morphology
Contact information: Chumakova Anna, e-mail: achumakova@mail.ru.
CEPHALOMETRIC VARIATION AMONG THE TURKMEN
OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA
Dubova Nadezhda
Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Cephalometric data on Turkmen males (N=240) living in the Stavropol and Astrakhan Provinces of Russia since the XVII century are analyzed (the material was collected by this author and O. Babakov in 1987 in eight settlements of the Stavropol Province and in two in the Volga delta). Thirteen traditional head and face dimensions were included. All statistics were performed using Statistica 8.0 software. The analysis of variance showed no significant differences between the Chovdur, Igdir, Abdal and Suyundzhadzhi tribes (Wilks' lambda = 0.712135; F=1.53). Differentiation between villages is stronger (Wilks' lambda = 0.405974; F=1.80). Discrimination of the total population by either criteria ("tribe" and "village") shows no effect for total head and face measurements. Differences concern mainly details of facial morphology (tribes differ in zygomatic and nasal breadth; villages, in these features plus minimal frontal breadth, zygomatic breadth, and upper lip height). Based on the above traits, correct tribe attribution is possible only in 48.75% of individuals ranging from 39.5% in Abdal to 84.6% in Suyundzhadzhi. Correct village attribution was possible in 37.9% (Funtovo, 60.4%;Sharahalsun, 51.3%). Variation among all the Turkmen tribes (N=1064 individuals) is greater than in southern Russia alone (Wilks' lambda = 0.322341; F=10.8). However, correct classification in that case was possible only in 37.4% of cases (Stavropol Turkmen, 57.4%; Nohurly of Turkmenistan, 47.6%; Astrakhan groups, 10.5%). Weighted pair-group clusterization links South Russian Turkmen with Ersari of Middle Amudarya, Igdyrs and Chovdurs of Northern Turkmenistan. Tajiks, Turkmen, Kirghizes, Uzbeks and other Central Asian peoples (N=3895) were correctly classified in 54.9% of cases (Wilks' lambda = 0.38396; F=38.27), and Turkmen groups alone, in 81.8% (Tajiks, 75.9%; Karakalpaks, 1.7%, Uzbeks, 8.6%). In the same sample, Stavropol Turkmen were correctly attributed in 22.8%, those of Astrakhan, in 1.8%. Cephalometric traits, then, do not distinguish the Turkmen of southern Russia from other Central Asian populations. Descriptive traits appear to be more efficient. The research was supported by the Russian Foundation for the Humanities , project 12-01-00235).
Key words: Turkmen, anthropometry, cephalometric traits, Stavropol and Astrakhan regions, ANOVA, discriminant analysis, cluster analysis
Contact information: Dubova Nadezhda, e-mail: dubova_n@mail.ru.
Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Series 23 ANTHROPOLOGIYA — 3/2014
19th Congress of the European Anthropological Association Lomonosov MSU, Moscow, Russia, 25th - 29th August, 2014
