CC BY
0COMPARISON OF THE ALGOFLORA OF BIOPRIDES OF BUKHARA WITH THE ANALOGUE
FLORA OF THE POND OF UZBEKISTAN
Juraqulov Sh.
student Mustafaeva M.I.
Ph.D., Associate Professor Bukhara State University, Bukhara
Abstract
The article presents data on the comparative analysis of biological ponds, sewage treatment plants, which according to its climatic , hydrological and physical- chemical conditions of the environment is different from the other ponds. This article discusses the ecological- floral analysis of natural population of algal ponds used as biological ponds - reservoirs, clarifiers.
Keywords: factor, pond, algae, flora, al'goflora, saprobity, systematic, filtering, season.
Algae of biological ponds largely determines the appearance of phytoplankton in various water bodies. The difference in the species composition of algae in biological ponds of purification plants from other bi-oproducts in Uzbekistan and Central Asia is not surprising, since the hydrological and hydrochemical characteristics of water bodies affect the composition of the flora. The level of development of phytoplankton in biological ponds of sewage treatment plants is much more common from other ponds in Uzbekistan and Central Asia.
Comparative monotony of conditions the existence of algae in water bodies and their transfer from place to place affect their geographical distribution. Seasonal changes in conditions causing a change in algae in the same water body during the period under study are also very significant. The similarity of the flora is determined by geographical proximity.
In biological ponds of treatment plants, which differs from other ponds in its climatic, hydrological and physicochemical conditions, this complex complex of factors determined the specific features of the species composition and development of algae.
The species composition of the algae flora of ponds in different regions of Uzbekistan and Central Asia is different. These reservoirs differ in area, depth, mineralization, nutrition, location, composition of prevailing species.
So in the biological ponds of purification plants in the city of Bukhara in early spring, late autumn and in winter, the algae found are peculiar to the mountain and northern water bodies proper. In the spring, summer and early autumn, the more thermophilic forms of algae developed.
The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of algae in the ponds of the Kalgan Chirchik fish farm in the Tashkent region, as well as the periodicity of its development for the seasons of the year, was studied by P.N. Saksen also identified 522 taxa, of which blue-green -87, golden -6, diatoms -209, dino-phyte -6, euglene -37, yellow-green -4, green -172. In the list of algae found in the Kalgan Chirchik fishery, 56 species of algae are similar to our studies.
Since, for example, Merismopedia punctata, Gom-fhosphaeria lacustris, Pediastrum duplex, P.simplex. Tetraedron minimum, Ankistrodesmus densus,
Scenedesmus acuminatus, Pandoriuna morum and others were also found in the spring, summer and autumn of the biological ponds of the purification facilities in Bukhara.
Also, AE Ergashev (1974) studied the algoflora of the ponds of the Kolkhoz Farm. Kalinin Yakkabagsky district of the Kashkadarya region. As a result of processing of the collected algological material, 118 taxa were found out of them, blue-green, -38 diatoms, -68 euglens, -12 green, -2 green. Similar species were found in 32 species: Oscillatoria lacteirens, O.grinceps, O.woronichinii, Phormidium tenue, Gloecapsa tarrgida, mastogloia smittii, M.baltica, Nitzshia sigina, N. Signoidea, N.trublionella, Euglena oxyuris, Chlorella vulgaris and others.
Ponds of the fish farm of the Akkurgan district of the Tashkent region collected 104 algological samples and as a result of treatment 168 taxons were found, among them blue-green -28, diatoms -64, dinophyte -6, euglenic -8, green -58. (Ergashev, 1974) Of the algae found common to our ponds -17, such common are Mi-crocystis aeruginosa, M.pulverea, Gomphosphaeria lacustris, Anabaena flosague from blue-green; Cyclotella kuetzingiana, C.meneghiana, Melosira granulata Fragilara crotoneusis, F.capucina of diatoms; Euglena oxyuris of euglena; Chlamydomonos ehrenberii, Dalmella microscopica, Tetrraedron minimum, Pedi-adtrum duplex, P.simplex, Scenedesmus quadricauda, S.obliquus and others from green algae.
Ponds of Tashkent fish hatchery registered 118 species and algae species, consisting of 118 taxa of which blue-green-14, diatoms-18, euglenic -22, green -78. (Ergashev, 1974). Similar to ours are Oscillatoria amphibia, Lungbua aestuarii of blue-green, Synedra ulna, Nitzschia sigmoidea of diatoms; Euglena texta, E.proxima, E.gracilis from Euglena; Golenkinia radi-ata, Dictyosphaerium ehrenbergienum, Sphaerocustis schroeterii, Cladophora glomerata and others from green algae. Thus, the species composition of algae biological ponds of purification facilities in Bukhara has some commonness with flora ponds of Uzbekistan and Central Asia.
We begin our comparisons in the ponds of Uzbekistan and Central Asia. When comparing the flora of algae in the biological ponds of sewage treatment plants with some other places in Uzbekistan and Central Asia,
one can see here that it has much in common with the flora of other regions.
Algae biological ponds purification plants in Bukhara, we studied the first time. According to our observations, representatives of all systematic groups of algae developing in one or another body of water participate to a varying degree in the processes of self-purification of sewage.
This indicates the need for comprehensive and deep floristic studies of the natural algal population of water bodies used as biological ponds - storage tanks, sedimentation tanks and filtration fields. In addition to scientific interest, such studies are of purely practical significance, since the features and seasonal changes in the species composition of the algoflora can be used to enrich it with the species most desirable in this case.
Before the algalization, we investigated the species composition of the natural algae flora and their distribution by bioplasts, 120 species, varieties and forms of algae characteristic of polluted water bodies were identified.
With the development of introduced organisms in biological ponds, favorable conditions are gradually created for many accompanying species of hydrobi-onts. Some introduced algae gave active development in ponds.
This contributed to a decrease in the organic content of water and gave rise to an increase in the amount of oxygen dissolved in water. In the coastal parts in all ponds, there were often accumulations of filamentous algae consisting of the waters of the genera Stigeolonium, Cladophora, Spirogyra and others. Along with them occasionally came across blue-green, diatoms and other algae. Among them, Oscillatoria tenuis, O.sancta, Phormidium foveolarum, Lungbya aes-tuari and others were distinguished.
Fouling was observed on the surface of various underwater objects (branches, boards, stones) consisting of Stigeoelonium tenue, along with them the threads Oscillatoria brevis, O.irrigua, O.limosa, O.ten-uis and on the surface of filaments epiphytic species of
diatoms Cocconeis placentula, Navicula tryptocophala and much more.
Thus, after algalization, the phytoplankton and phytobenthic groups were enriched in qualitative and quantitative terms of the biological ponds of the purification plant in the city of Bukhara. The increase in the species composition of algae up to 357 taxa and their adaptation in bioproducts allowed to continue work on revealing the role of algae in wastewater treatment.
Algae are mostly composed of alpha-beta-mesosaprobes. The content of dissolved oxygen in water is one of the important factors of water self-purification. As the amount of dissolved oxygen increases, the self-cleaning process accelerates. In the spring period, when the temperature of water and solar energy rises in biological ponds, intensive development of phytoplankton is observed. As microalgae develop in water, the amount of dissolved oxygen increases to 3.04.0 mg / l. Reduces the amount of organic substances in BOD5 to 44.0-50.8 mg O2 / l.
On the basis of 520 algological samples collected biological ponds of the city of Bukhara and as a result of treatment 357 algal taxa, belonging to 5 systematic groups, were found; blue-green - 105, diatoms - 100, dinophytes - 10, euglenic - 30, green - 112. The highest occurrence is observed by the predominance of green algae, then blue-green and diatom algae. A small number is euglenic and dinophyte. As can be seen species diversity of bioproducts is great.
References
1. Плитман С.И. Комплексная оценка самоочищающей способности водоемов. Гиг. и санит. -1991, N 3, с. 15 и 16.
2. Вассер С.П., Кондратьев Н.В. и др. Водоросли. Справочник.- Киев: Наукова Думка, 1989, 608 с.
3. Федоров В.Д. О методах изучения фитопланктона и его активности. М.: МГУ, 1979. 168 с. 2.
