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DYNAMICS OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DOMINANT TYPES OF BIOPRODES OF CLEANING FACILITIES BUKHARA Fayzieva F.A.1, Mustafaeva M.I.2
'Fayzieva Flora Abdullaevna — Teacher, ECOLOGY DEPARTMENT;
Mustafaeva Mamlakat Ismalovna - Ph D in Biology, Associate Professor, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article presents the dynamics of growth and development of the dominant species of biological products of treatment facilities in Bukhara.
Keywords: biological ponds, algoflora, dynamics, algae, biological product.
To understand the dynamics of phytoplankton, a clear representation of both the seasonal periodicity and the distribution of populations of mass species of algae is necessary. The dominant are the dominant, giving in this or that period a large number and number of phytoplankton. The composition of the dominant species of algae in different types of water bodies located in different regions varies, changing with environmental factors such as temperature, sunlight, biogenes, mineralization of water, transparency of hydrogen ions (pH), gas content and others.
Analysis of the seasonal dynamics of algae makes it possible to identify, the nature of the prevailing algal species is so stable. Consequently, the nature of the distribution of the dominant algal species in the reservoir depends to a large extent on the composition and intensity of phytoplankton development[3].
In the works of a number of authors (Muzafarov, Musaev, Mambetalieva, Ergashev, Kogan, Saksen, Khalilov, Abdukadirov, Khabibullaev, Tazhiev, Temirov and others), an analysis was made of prevailing algae and studied reservoirs. Consider the data of Uzbek and Central Asian researchers who studied rivers, rivers, ponds, lakes, reservoirs and others, conducted a scientific analysis of the development and distribution of algae. These authors indicate for the development and distribution of algae the main role belongs to temperature, light, biogenic and mineral substances, water transparency and others[1].
The composition of the dominant algae of biological ponds of purification plants varies in seasons as follows. In the spring, 14 taxa are dominant, as in spring, the prevailing algae are blue-green algae. In the summer, the prevailing algae of biological puddings of purifying structures turned out to be 18 species and varieties. These predominant algae include blue-green-8, diatom-2, euglenic-2, green-6.
Most of these predominant algae are dominant in the spring, for example, Microcystis aeruginosa, M.pulverea, Aphanothece clathrata, Oscillatoria irrigua, O.brevis, O.lemmermanii, O.woronichinii, Nodularia spunigena from blue-green algae; Nautococcis grandis, Palmellocystis planctonica, Oocystis marssonii, O.lacustris, Scenedesmus quadricauda, Ankistrodesmus acicularis of the green; Cyclotella kuetzingiana, Nitzschia hungarica of diatoms; Euglena acus, E. oxyuris from euglene algae.
Along with them, Aphanothece clathrata f often occurs in summer. brevis, Nodularia harveana f. sphaerocarpa from the blue-green; Chaetopeltis orbicularis, Chlamydmonas globosa, Ch.simplex, Coelastrum microporum, Scenedesmus obliquus, S, obliquus var. alternans of green; Melosira varians, Synedra ulna, Cocconeis placentula, Nitschia linearis from diatoms; The species Nitzschia linearis was dominant in the spring, but this species is often observed in the summer.
Euglena caudata, E. caudata var., Was often recorded from euglene algae in summer. minor bucharica, E. acus, E. oxyuris and others. In summer the leading role belonged to blue and green algae. Along with them, euglenic, diatom and dinophyte algae became common.
In autumn, the dominant group includes -12 taxa, of which the largest number is found in representatives of diatoms such as Synedra ulna, Nitzshia hungarica, N. linearis, Navicula
cryptocephala. Then the blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa, Oscillatoria irrigua, O.brevis, Phoromidium fovetlar, from the green algae during this period, the dominants turned out to be Palmellocystis planctonica, Coelastrum microporum, Scenedesmus guadricauda.
Here the leading position is occupied by diatoms and blue-green algae. Blue-green and green algae dominated in early autumn, after the second half of October, the dominant position was occupied by diatoms. Representatives of euglenic and dinophyte algae are rarely seen in the autumn period, it was not predominant. The winter period was not dominant, some representatives of diatoms and green algae were rare. It should be noted that most of these prevalent algae biological ponds purification plants in Bukhara somewhat coincide with the dominant algae of fishponds Kalgan Chirchik of the Tashkent region (Saksen, 1965), ponds of the Kolkhoz farm. Sabira Rakhimova of the Denau district of the Surkhandaryn region, ponds of the Yakkabag district of the Kashkadarya region, ponds of the fish farm of the Akkurgan district of the Tashkent region, (Ergashev, 1974), algal flora of the bioproducts of the city of Chimkent of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Tazhiev) algae biological ponds of industrial sewage of the Chirchik production association Electrokhimprom , 1989). Let us briefly characterize the dominant algae found in ponds of biological treatment facilities of the city of Bukhara[2].
1. Microcystis aeruginosa Kuetz. Emend. Elenk blue-green algae is a widespread species of dominant in mid-spring, summer and early autumn in the plankton in all ponds. Vegetation of this species begins at a water temperature of 21-31 ° C, thermophilic in the spring the number is 860 thousand KL/l, in the summer of 1860 thousand KL / l.in early spring, late autumn and winter, this species at a water temperature of 0 ° C-12-14 ° C will not be registered.
2. Microcystis pulverea (Wood) Fortti.emend Elenk. blue-green algae, vegetation in all ponds begins in spring, summer and early autumn. Mass development reaches at a water temperature of 2330 ° C thermophilic species in the spring is 810 thousand KL/l, in the summer of 1100 thousand KL / l, autumn 620tys. CL / L. in late autumn and winter, this species disappears completely from the plankton.
3. Aphanothece clathrata Wet G. S. West.- cyanotic algae. Registered very often in late spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 23-31 ° C. Thermophilic species the number of population in spring in all ponds is 980 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 1250 thousand cells/l, in the autumn of 970 thousand KL/l In early spring and in late autumn at a water temperature of 12-16 is very rare. In the winter stopped Dating.
4. Nodularia spumigena Nert. Blue-green algae develops abundantly in summer at a water temperature of 26-30°C. Thermophilic species. The number of all ponds reaches 910-980 thousand cells/L. This species in other seasons of the year were found.
5. Oscillatoria brevis Kuetz. Cyanotic algae are observed in all seasons of the year. Abundant occur in spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-28 ° C. In the spring, the number was 716 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 820 thousand KL/l, in the autumn of 780 thousand KL/l In late autumn and winter the temperature of water °C 8-2 is very rare.
6. Oscillatoria irrigua (Kuetz) Gom. Blue-green algae appear in the plankton in early spring 10-16 ° C and gives an outbreak of mass development in mid-spring, summer and early autumn at a water temperature of 18-26 ° C. The strength of the spring in all the pond s is 620 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 810 thousand cells/l, in the autumn of 715 thousand KL/l In late autumn and winter ceased to meet.
7. Oscillatoria lemmermannii Wolosz. Blue-green algae are widespread. It occurs in all seasons of the year, but very often occur in spring and summer at a water temperature of 18-27 ° C. In the spring the number was 810 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 1.080 thousand cells/L. This species in late autumn and winter when the water temperature is 8-2 is rarely detected.
8. Oscillatoria woronichinii Anissim. Cyanotic algae, widely distributed. The species was detected during the year at a water temperature of 4-26 ° C.. It develops abundantly in spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-26 ° C. In spring the number in all ponds is 580 - 720 thousand KL/l.
9. Nautococeus grandis Korsch. Green algae thermophilic occur in late spring, summer and early autumn at a water temperature of 20-27°C. In the spring there is the number 580 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 815 thousand KL/l. This kind of early spring, late autumn and winter was found.
10. Palmellocystis planctonica Korsch. Green algae is a widespread species. Plant grows at water temperatures from 12 to 30 °C. The maximum development is observed in spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-30 ° C. In the spring, the number is 720 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 980 thousand cells/l, in the early autumn of 680 cells/L. In late autumn and winter was found.
11. Oocystis marssonii Lemm. Green algae are widespread. Thermophilic species occurs at a water temperature of 16-31 ° C.. Mass development gives the middle of the summer at a water
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temperature of 25-31 ° C. In the summer the number of all ponds is 990 thousand KL/l In early spring, late autumn and winter when the water temperature 2-10 ° C growth stops.
12. Oocystis lacustris Chod. Green algae is a thermophilic species. The maximum development is also timed to the period of the greatest water heating in summer at a water temperature of24-30 ° C. The number of summer in all the ponds is 960 thousand KL/l. This kind of early spring, late fall and winter was found.
13. Coelastrum microporum Naeg.Green algae is a thermophilic species. Occurs in spring, summer and autumn, the maximum development is observed in early autumn at a water temperature of 20-24°C.. Population is 480 thousand KL/l in Spring and summer, discovered quite often. In early spring, late autumn and winter, the view has completely ceased to occur.
14. Scenedesmus guadricauda (Turp) Breb. Green algae is a widespread species. It occurs in all seasons at a water temperature of 6-26 ° C.. Maximum development gives spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-26°C. Spring abundance in all ponds was 760 thousand cells/l, in the summer of 810 thousand cells/l, in the autumn of 860 thousand KL/l. This type of winter is celebrated rarely.
15. Ankistrodesmus acicularis (A. Br) Korsch. Green algae, thermophilic species. Will register spring, summer, autumn. The maximum development reached in the summer at a water temperature of 24-30 ° C.. The number seemed to 860 thousand cells/l.
16. Euglena acus Ehr. Euglenic algae is found in summer and autumn. The maximum development gives in the summer at a water temperature of 24-26 ° C. The number is composed of 580 thousand KL/l in Spring and winter was not detected.
17. Euglena oxyuris Schmarda. Botanists algae was in the summer and fall, reaching its greatest abundance in the summer of 480 thousand cells/l at a water temperature of 24-26°C. Spring and winter was not detected.
18. Navicula cryptocephala Kuetz. Diatoms are found in spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 14-24°C.. Maximum vegetation yields in the fall when the water temperature is 20-24°C. The number is 620 thousand KL/l. This winter is not detected.
19. Nitzschia hungarica Grun. Diatoms are found year-round in all ponds at water temperatures of 0-4 ° C to 27 ° C. The greatest development gives spring, summer and autumn at a water temperature of 18-27°C. In the spring the number was 880 thousand KL/l in the summer of 950 thousand cells/L. In the winter period is rare.
20. Nitzshia linearis W. Sm. Diatoms discovered in the course of the year when the water temperature is 26-27 ° C. The maximum development is observed in spring, summer and autumn at water temperature 18 - 27°C. The number in spring in all ponds is 680 thousand KL/l, in summer 790 thousand KL/l, in autumn 810 thousand KL / l.
In the winter is rare.
21. Nitzshia lorenziana Grun. Diatoms are found in all seasons at a water temperature of 4-25°C. Maximum development yields in the autumn at a water temperature of 22 ° C , the number of fall is 660 thousand KL/l. This spring, summer and winter is quite rare.
Based on the above, the following conclusions can be made;
1. In biological ponds of treatment facilities there are 21 dominant species, most of which belong to the blue-green 8 species, then green 7, diatoms 4,euglenic 2 species.
2. The main factors favouring the development of predominant species in biological ponds of treatment facilities are the temperature of water and air, mineralization, nutrients, transparency and other environmental factors.
3. In the composition of the dominant species of algae there is no one that would dominate in all seasons of the year, but most of the predominant species are registered in the spring, summer and autumn, in the winter dominants are not found.
4. Most of the prevailing species of biological pond treatment facilities similar to the flora of other ponds in Uzbekistan.
References
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