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COLEOPTERAN (COLEOPTERA) ON THE ELM (ULMUS) TREES, SELECTION OF EFFECTIVE INSECTICIDES IN THEIR QUANTITY CONTROL AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR EFFECTIVENESS
Farukh Yakubov,
Scientific researcher Department of Plant Protection, Tashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Abstract. According to the results of the study, the results of the occurrence of Coleopterans (Coleoptera) species in the Elm tree (Ulmus) and their harmfulness are presented. In the Khorezm region of the republic, rare and many species of Elm trees were planted which turned out to be heavily infested with coleopteran pests. Studies have shown that Elm tree is infested by 15 species of coleopteran pests belonging to 4 families. Among the coleopteran pests were identified insects belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, Scolytidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae. The elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteolla L.) has been listed as a species that is highly destructive and has a high population. Effective chemicals have been tested to combat it effectively and quickly. Of the 14 types of chemicals affected that 7 types (Bagira 20% water-soluble concentrate., Indox 15% suspension concentrate., Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate., Match 5% oil-suspension concentrate, Prokleym 5% water-soluble granules, Dva-trin 10% emulsion concentrate., Agrofos-D 55% emulsion concentrate) of chemicals were found to be highly sensitive to larvae and beetles of the elm leaf beetle. The developmental stages of larval death were mainly larvae aged 1-3years with low susceptibility to adults (4-5).
Key words. Ulmus, pest, coleoptera, species, systematic analysis, harmfulness level, population quantity, biological properties, elm leaf beetle, chemicals, toxicity level, biological efficiency.
Аннотация. Сегодня глобальное потепление вызывает в Узбекистане ряд проблем в выращивании сельскохозяйственных культур на засушливых землях и их высокойурожайности. В статье показан подбор сортов, пригодных для получения высоких урожаев зерновых и зернобобовых, масличных и кормовых культур в весенний период на богарной земле. Также существуют современные агротехнологии выращивания этих сортов.
Ключевые слова. Засушливые земли и районы, осадки, глобальное потепление, весенние месяцы, зерновые, бобовые, масличные и кормовые культуры, вегетационный период, нормы высева, минеральные удобрения, растениеводство, жаро- и засухоустойчивость, неблагоприятные факторы, ценностные признаки,урожайность, сорта.
There are more than 4 billion hectares of forested land in the world and 13 million hectares are being cut down and used for other purposes. According to the FAO, the area of forest areas infested with pests has exceeded 35 million hectares. This situation has intensified since the 1990s. Only in the U.S. and Canada, the spread of the species Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has caused significant damage to 11 million hectares of forest area (FAO.org.Forest helth, 2010).
Preservation of forests and ornamental trees and expansion of their territories is urgent in the republic. About 25% of the total land area of the Republic of Uzbekistan, or more than 11.5 million hectares, are lands of Forest Fund, of which 3.2 million hectares are forests. 81% (9,533.3 thousand hectares) of Forest Fund's land are desert, 16%
(1,798.8 thousand hectares) are mountainous, 2% (224.8 thousand hectares) are valley, 1% (112.4 thousand hectares). corresponds to the tugai region. In 2019, it is planned to plant forests on more than 553 thousand hectares. (https://t.me/ IPCUzbekistan).
There are 13 species of elm trees in Uzbekistan but there are dendrological descriptions of the species of Ulmus procera Sabisb., Ulmus fulva Michx., Ulmus uzbekistanica Litv., Ulmus laevis Pall., Ulmus scabra Mill.,Ulmus densa Litv, which are propagated by the population. (AK.Kayimov, E.T Berdiev, 2012).
During the cultivation of elm trees, several pests of it and their diseases have encountered. In some areas, it is causing the complete extinction of elm tree species. Pests, especially those belonging to the genus Coleoptera, cause great
damage. Coleopterans are found in a wide variety of entomofauna of the world, of which more than 360,000 species are considered dangerous to agriculture (Sheffield et al., 2008), representatives of this family make up 40% of all insects on earth, and 25% of living organisms (Hunt et al., 2007). Because most beetles are phytophagous, they cause great damage in agriculture, forestry, and horticulture. In terms of ecological and morphological diversity, it has always attracted the attention of entomologists and biologists. (Zhang et al., 2016).
In Uzbekistan, beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are the most common pests of ornamental trees. Highly harmful species include poplar leaf beetle (Melasoma populi L.), willow leaf beetle (Plagiodera versicolara Laich.) and oriental leaf beetle (Adelastica alni orientalis Baly.) (Hujaev Sh., 2019). Poplar leaf beetle are a serious pest of willow and elm that addition to poplar. The worms of the pest beetles eat the epidermis part of the leaves of the tree. As a result, the leaf is completely shed. The worms initially develop in clusters and then spread out. They emit an odor on themselves during feeding on the leaves. Females lay up to 500 eggs. Other species of Chrysomelidae can also be found in areas where deciduous beetles are present. Because the ecological characteristics of these pests is adapted to one group. (Sulaymonov B. 2017).
The Chrysomelidae family is one of 'he largest insects in the world which covering 35,000 species and 2,500 generations and is a major pest of agriculture and forestry. One of these species, Chrysomela (= Melasoma), is one of the main and most dangerous pests of poplar. (Urban J., 2006).
Elm tree is grown in many countries around the world as an ornamental and umbrella tree. But as a leaf pest of this tree, beetles and larvae of the genus Xanthogaleruca luteola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are also fed from the pest (Freer-Smith, Peter H, and Joan F Webber.,2017, Dreistadt, SH., 2016). Deformation of the branches of trees affected by this pest leads to disruption of the physiological process and the pathological process (Cranshaw, WS.,20140). This type of insect was identified in 2018 by a group of researchers in the Kurdistan region of Iraq (Mawlood, NA, Hammamurad HQ, and Mustafa RA.,2018). Pine leaf beetle is one of the endemic species of Europe. Once this pest arrived in the United States, it spread to several countries around the world (Resh, VH, and Carde, T., 2009; Smith, JB., 1892; Weber, RG, and Thompson HE., 1976;). In several countries the biological properties of elm leaf beetles and their nutrition, harm and other indicators have being studied, and research is being conducted on the development and application of effective control measures against it. In-depth study of the biological
parameters of the pest will further increase the effectiveness of the use of chemicals against it (Arbab, A, Jalali J, and Sahragard A,2001).
The city longhorn beetle is also common as the main pest of the elm tree. The city longhorn beetles are able to identify the trees they need and their condition from a width of 400 meters. Their long mustaches are a great help in realizing this feature. U.S. forest research scientists have conducted a number of studies on this topic and developed systemic control measures to reduce the amount of Asian long-horned beetle. In this system, effective results have been obtained as a result of the application of systemic pesticides (imidacloprid) to the pest distribution areas (Smith, M. T., J. Bancroft, and J. Tropp. 2002.).
According to a study by Poland et al. (2006), high results have been obtained in the management of long-horned beetle in the laboratory under the influence of chemicals containing azadiraxtin, imidacloprid. Studies in China between 2000 and 2002 have shown the effectiveness of systemic pesticide, using aadirachtine, emamectinbenzoate, imidacloprid, and thiacloprid (Poland et al. 2006). However, some of them resisted pests.
Materials and methods.
The i ssearch was conducted on Ulmus procera Sabisb., Ulmus densa Litv, Ulmus uzbekistanica Lithuanian species of elm infested with cileopterans in 2019-2020 in Yangibazar district of Khorezm region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The study determined the number of affected trees and their average age. The elm trees were planted on 74 bushes, planted as reserve trees around the cotton and grain fields of the Koronboy shepherd farm Azizbek, Ozodbek, Shokhrizbek farms in Yangibazar region (41°42'39"N 60°32'21"E.). In order to identify coleapteran pests on elm trees those a systematic analysis of their species each was separately monitored. The trees in the study averaged 12-16 years of age. The diameter (dbh) in the part above the height of the chest was 1.6 meters, height 7.4-8.6 meters. The trunks, branches, and leaves of each tree were fully inspected for two years. The study area is located in the south-east of the Khorezm oasis and in the Kyzylkum desert. The climate is sharply continental, with an average temperature of +4.1 °C in winter and sometimes down to -32 °C. In summer, the average temperature is + 27 °C, the maximum temperature is + 44 °C. The average annual rainfall is 100-110 mm. The vegetation period of plants is 200-210 days. The elm trees were divided into low, medium and strongly damaged parts by the pest. Samples from the developmental stages of the identified pests were collected and systematically analyzed under laboratory conditions. Almost all of the identified
trees were found to be somewhat infested with pests. In the detection of body pests were opened between the bark, some tree species were cut down and pests have isolated. Sample species of pests were supplemented in separate containers under laboratory conditions. Identification of damaged slate trees in the area and development of body, leaf pests were conducted from March to November In the registration of pest pests N.G.Kim, B.A.Dospekhov, Makhnovsky I.K. (1959) methods have used. The degree and type of pest infestation were determined, samples have collected from them and samples were systematically analyzed in the laboratory. Data on the timing of exit from wintering and the number of pests have collected from trees and delivered to the laboratory where their development and species were systevatica'ly analyzedIn laboratory studies, a thermostat MEMMERT IPP IPP 55 plus, a microscope XSZ-152 s type for the separation of morphological features, 70% alcohol-based liquid for the storage of insect samples were used. In late April and early May, the eggs and larvae of the beetles were collected and they were additionally fed in spec*, glass jars. In studying the development of the pest in the field, the relative humidity and air temperature were noted separately. All of the coleopteran pests during the growth period of the elm tree were recorded and their average population densities were determined. During this period, the trees were watered 3 times as this was important for the development of pests. When calculating the amount of pests, no chemical treatment was carried out on the surrounding agricultural crops. Initially, the types of pests, their numbers were identified. The efficacy of chemicals against pest species with high populations have then evaluated. The types of chemicals recommended for use in coleopteran pests in agriculture have selected and applied at different consumption rates. The above chemicals were prepared at different consumption rates, sprayed in separate containers on the feed and top of the 2-3-4 year old larvae of the study leaf beetle. The studies have conducted in four
repetitions of each variant. In each variant, the rate of consumption of the chemical agent and changes in the stages of development of larvae (larvae, worms), their mortality or other biological parameters have recorded over time. According to the results obtained, the sensitivity of the city longhorn beetles to the above-mentioned chemicals va'ed. In each variant, 20 worms and 10 imago were tested in the study. At the same time, the results of the chemicals used in the variants were recorded for 8, 16, 24 hours. Highly effective chemical^ have been recommended for use against these cjl^opteran pests.
Research results.
The results of the first study. The periodic development of coleopteran pests in species of elm Ulmus procra Sabisb, Ulmus densa Litv, Ulmus uzbekistanica Lithuania have analyzed by species. According to it, in 2019-2020, 15 species of coleopteran pests belonging to 4 families were identified. Coleoptera pests Chrysomelidae, Scolytidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae Insects belonging to the family Chrysomelidae Galerucella luteola Muell., Pyrrhalta luteolla L., Scolytuse Scolus. ulmi Redt, Scolytus orientalis Egg., Scolytus schevyrevi Sem., Buprestidae of the family Cratomerus intermedius Obenb., Cratomerus (Trichocratomerus) mancus L., Cratomerus (Trichocratomerus) aurulentus seneoramus oido, Schrank. This species has been listed as a major pest of many of the trees encountered. (Table 1). The population density of these species varied. According to him, it was found that air temperature and relative humidity play a high role in the development of pests during the seasonal growth of trees.
The development of identified coleopteran pests is mutually exclusive and they do not have a degree of damage to each other. But their main ones are pests as bark beetles under the bark of the elm tree. Some of these pests have also been reported as secondary pests. It was found that all species of subcutaneous pests develop between a single bark, and that their population densities vary.
Table 1.
Species of coleopteran (Coleoptera) pests and their degree of damage (Khazarasp district, Khorezm
region)
№ Order Family Species Species of ulmus, quantity
Ulmus procera Sabisb Ulmus densa Litv Ulmus uzbekistanica Litv.),
Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Galerucella luteola Muell. ++ ++ +++
Pyrrhalta luteolla L. +++ +++ +++
Scolytidae Scolytus kirschi Scol. + - ++
Scolytus scolytus Fabr. +++ ++ ++
Scolytus multistiatus Mareh. ++ - -
Scolytus zugulosus Ratl. ■ ++ ++
Scolytus mali Bechst. + ► -
Scolytus multistriatu: var. ulmi Redt + + -
Scolytus orientalis Egg. + + ++
Scolytus schevyrev Sem. + - +
Buprestidae Cratomerus intermedius Obenb. ++ + +
Cratomerus (Trichocratomerus) mancus L. + + ++
Cratomerus (Trichocratomerus) aurulentus seniculus Schrank. ++ ++ +
Cerambycidae Aeolesthes sarta Solsky. +++ ++ +++
Rhesus serricollis Motsch. + + -
* Pest incidence rate (-no, + - low, ++ - medium, +++ - high)
All of the pests were mostly found on depleted, semi-dried trees. In the relatively young trees of the elm trees were found to be damaged by leaf and body pests. However, in the development of pests. It was observed that the number of larvae is high in areas where relative humidity is maintained in the bark range. In one tree 4-5 species of bark beetles have found.
The climatic conditions of the study area were xerophilous and it had observed that there were favorable conditions for the development
of subcutaneous pests. It was found that body pests were more common than pests of leaves and branches on trees, and that some trees were completely withered. In the identified studies, the amount of elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteolla L.) as a leaf pest was observed to a large extent, and the degree of damage was high in almost all trees in the study. It was found that elm leaf beetle damages up to 35-40% of tree leaves in summer and autumn; on average, up to 0.6 larvae and beetles emerged on a leaf.
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Figure 1. Pyrrhalta luteolla L. beetle and larvae on the elm tree
Scolytus scolytus Fabr from the bark beetle as a body pest of the ELM tree is common and has a high degree of damage, the body beetle was more common than the city longhorn (Aeolesthes sart1 Solsky.) as a pest. Due to the large number of th^se pests, the study noted that 11 out of 74 trees died. Subcutaneous pests and body pests were found to bQ abundant in trees with slow growth and low water supply. At the same time, the population of pests was preserved despite the high air temperature.
The elm bark beetle is also common in other types of bark beetles in terms of nutrition. Beetles thrive mainly on semi-dried trees. It is latent as it develops, with developmental cycles between the bark and the trunk. Beetles open different paths between the bark of the tree, gnawing the surface of the body part vertically to 5-6 cm. The larvae gnaw in the form of patterns 12-15 cm long.
In addition, the number and harmfulness of urban longhorn beetles are high in pines, on average, 7-8 holes in each bush.Wood chips come out of these holes. It was found that 64% of the total number of elm trees in the general survey had city longhorn beetles. The study collected samples from larvae, fungi, and imagoes of the city longhorn beetles for 2019-2020. At the same time, their population density was also observed. However, due to the large number of requests from farms and other residential areas to reduce their number in the affected trees, rapid laboratory studies were conducted against them. In particular, there is a need to conduct research on the selection of effective insecticides against elm leaf beetle, which in some periods the degree of damage as a leaf pest reaches 75-80%. On this basis, research was conducted to
select effective insecticides against the pest.
The results of the second study.
Modern chemical means for forest and ornamental trees have not been selected in our country and not enough research has been done on their use, testing, and effectiveness in the effective management of pest quantities. For this reason, in the management of the amount of common elm leaf beetle (Pyrrhalta luteolla L.) in the elm tree, laboratory studies were conducted on the effects of pesticides recommended for use against insects in the Republic. In the course of the research, chemicals have selected containing 14 types of active substances, and their susceptibility to pest larvae and adults was determined under various consumption criteria. In the process of separation of chemicals, the recommended chemical means for application to beetles in our country were selected. Therefore, such chemicals as abamectin (Vertimek 1.8% emulsion concentrate. 0.5 l / ha), beta-cypermethrin (beta-cypermethrin) (Akito 10% emulsion concentrate. 0.3 l / ha) , dimethoate (dimethoate), (Bi -58 40% emulsion concentrate. 3.0 l / ha), deltamethrin (deltamethrin) (Deltsis 2.5% emulsion concentrate.), imidocloprid (imidacloprid) (Bagira 20% water soluble powder 0.5 kg / ha), indoxacarb (indoxacarb), (Indox 15% suspension concentrate. 0.45l / ha), clotianidine (clothianidine) Tayshn wdg. 0.8 kg / ha), lyambda-tsigalotrin (lambda-cyhalothrin), (Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate. 0.5 l / ha), lyufenuron (lufenuron) (Match 5% oil-suspension concentrate 0.4 l / ha), malation (malathion), (Korbofos 57% emulsion concentrate. 2.0 l / ha), tsipermetrin (cypermethrin), (Moermetrin 25% emulsion concentrate. 0.35 l / ha), ememectin benzoate (
emamectin benzoate) (Prokleym 5% water soluble granules. 0.4 kg / ha), bifentrin (bifenthrin), (Dva-trin10% emulsion concentrate.), tsipermethrin + chlorpyrifos (Cypermethrin + chlorpyriphos), (Agrofos-D 55 % emulsion concentrate) were chosen as the active substance.
These chemicals are recommended in our country in the fight against noctuidae, aphids, thrips, fruit beetles, various types of heteroptera and beetles. The recommended application rate and other criteria have also been tested and evaluated for their effectiveness against pests.To do this, larvae and beetles of different ages of elm leaf beetles were propagated separately in the laboratory. The chemicals were mainly sprayed against the pest under laboratory conditions, i.e. by surface exposure as well as through food. Air temperature and light days were also monitored separately during the application of chemicals.
The sensitivity of the chemicals used for pests varies with Vertimek containing the active ingredient abamectin at 1.8% emulsion concentrate. preparations 0.3; Consumption rates of 0.5 and 0.7 l / ha were used. The highest sensitivity was
achieved at a consumption rate of 0.7 l / ha with a biological efficiency of 76.5% for worms and 81.7% for beetles.
When Akito 10% emulsion concentrate (beta-cypermethrin) was used, the highest biological efficiency was 88.8% against worms and 76.1% against imago at a consumption rate of 0.4 l/ha. In this case, the sensitivity of the worms to the imagos was high. When drugs containing dimethoate (Bi-58 40% emulsion concentrate.) were used, the high efficacy was 72.3% for worms and 65.3% for imago when used at a consumption rate of 0.4. The drug with the next active ingredient deltamethrin (Deltsis 2.5% emulsion concentrate.) also had a relatively low rate, with a biological efficacy of 82.7% against worms and 78.7% against imago when applied at 0.7 l / ha. In the drug with the active substance imidacloprid (Bagira 20% water-soluble concentrate.) high efficiency gives good results when used at consumption rates of 0.5-0.7 l / ha, 94.3% aga'j;t worms, 92.4% against imagoals efficiency v «s determined. This chemical showed high toxicity and "ied within 3-5 days.
Table 2.
The degree of sensitivity of various chemical agents to the developmental stages of elm leaf beetle
(Laboratory studies, 2019-2020).
№ Name of drugs Active substance Consumption rate l / ha Number of pests in the experiment, pcs Of these, the number of deaths, pieces, on average Of these, the level of dead pests, %
Worms Imago Worms Imago Worms Imago Total
Vertimek 1.8% emulsion concentrate. Abamectin 0,3 20 15 8,4 2,3 42,2 45,9 44,0
0,5 20 15 14,6 10,9 73,4 72,7 73,0
0,7 20 15 15,3 12,2 76,5 81,7 79,1
Akito 10% emulsion concentrate beta-cypermethrin 0,2 20 15 13,4 8,8 67,3 58,8 63,0
0,3 20 15 15,2 9,6 76,2 64,2 70,2
0,4 20 15 17,7 11,4 88,8 76,1 82,4
Bi -58 40% emulsion concentrate. dimethoate 0,2 20 15 10,9 6,3 54,7 42,6 48,6
0,3 20 15 13,7 8,4 68,7 56,5 62,6
0,4 20 15 14,4 9,7 72,3 65,3 68,8
Delcis 2.5% emulsion concentrate. deltamethrin 0,5 20 15 12,9 8,8 64,6 58,9 61,7
0,6 20 15 13,7 10,4 68,9 69,8 69,3
0,7 20 15 16,5 11,8 82,7 78,7 78,7
Bagira 20% water-soluble concentrate. imidacloprid 0,3 20 15 13,2 9,6 66,3 64,4 65,3
0,5 20 15 16,4 11,4 82,4 76,6 79,5
0,7 20 15 18,8 13,8 94,3 92,4 89,3
Indox 15% suspension concentrate. indoxacarb 0,35 20 15 13,4 8,4 67,2 56,4 61,8
0,45 20 15 15,2 10,2 76,4 68,5 72,4
0,5 20 15 19,6 13,3 98,3 89,2 93,7
Tayshn wdg. klothianidin 0,7 20 15 10,5 6,2 52,7 41,7 47,2
0,8 20 15 13,3 8,7 66,8 58,2 62,5
0,9 20 15 15,2 10,0 76,3 67,3 71,8
Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate. lambda-cyhalothrin 0,4 20 15 13,7 10,0 68,9 66,7 67,8
0,5 20 15 17,2 13,2 86,3 88,6 87,4
0,6 20 15 19,2 14,1 96,3 94,2 95,2
Match 5% oil-suspension concentrate lufenuron 0,3 20 15 12,3 8,1 61,7 54,2 57,9
0,4 20 15 15,2 11,4 76,3 76,4 76,3
0,5 20 15 18,2 12,7 91,3 85,3 88,3
Corbofos 57% emulsion concentrate. malathion 1,0 20 12,2 9,6 61,3 64,2 62,7
1,5 20 j.5 14,8 11,0 74,2 73,6 73,9
2,0 90 15 15,7 12,9 78,6 86,5 82,5
Moermetrin 25% emulsion concentrate. cypermethrin 0,25 20 15 13,4 7,7 67,3 51,6 59,4
0,35 20 15 15,3 10,9 76,7 72,7 74,7
0,45 20 15 17,0 11,9 85,2 79,4 82,3
Proclamation 5% water soluble granules. emamectin benzoate 0,3 20 15 7,6 9,8 76,7 65,6 71,1
0,4 20 15 17,5 10,8 87,5 72,4 79,9
0,5 20 15 19,2 11,7 96,2 78,1 92,1
Dva-trin 10% emulsion concentrate. bifenthrin 0,45 20 15 14,1 9,3 70,5 62,3 66,4
0,5 20 15 17,6 11,7 88,2 78,4 83,3
0,6 20 15 18,8 12,9 94,3 86,4 90,3
Agrofos-D 55% emulsion concentrate Cypermethrin+ chlorpyriphos 0,5 20 15 15,6 11,2 78,2 75,3 76,7
0,7 20 15 17,6 12,9 88,1 86,2 87,1
1,0 20 15 19,3 14,5 96,8 97,3 97,0
The drug with the active substance clothianidine (Taishn wdg.) showed a biological efficiency of 76.3% for worms and 67.3% for imago at a dose of 0.8-0.9 kg / ha. The chemicals containing lambda-cyhalothrin (Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate.) showed an effectiveness of 96.3% for worms and 94.2% for imago when applied at different consumption rates (0.5-0.6 l / ha).
When the drug containing the active
substance lufenuron was used at a consumption rate of 0.5 l / ha, it was found that 91.3% of worms and 85.2% of imago pests died. The drug with the active substance malathion (Korbofos 57% emulsion concentrate.) was found to be highly effective at a consumption rate of 2.0, killing 78.6% of worms and 86.5% of imago. This drug has been shown to be highly effective against imago worms. When a chemical containing the active substance
Cypermethrin (Moermetrin 25% emulsion concentrate.) was applied at 0.45 l / ha, it was 85.2% effective against worms and 79.4% effective agai.vt imago. A chemical agent containing emamecun benzoate (Proclaum 5% water soluble granules.) is used at a flow rate of 0.3-0.4-0.5 l / ha, with a higher result of 0.4-0.5 l / ha. in worms it was found to affect 87.5-96.2%, and in beetles relatively low, 72.4-78.1%.
The drug with the substance bifenthrin (Dva-trin 10 % emulsion concentrate.) sho.._d a high result against worms at 88.2-94.3%, 78.4-86.4% in imago when used at high consumption rates of 0.5-0.6 l / ha. The drug with the active ingredient Cypermethrin + chlorpyriphos (Agrofos-D 55% emulsion concentrate) has high results when applied at a consumption rate of 0.5-0.7-1.0 l / ha, 88.1-96.8% for worms, beetles It had a rate of 86.297.3% and died on days 3-7. In the above studies, almost all of the chemicals showed high toxicity to the worms.
Conclusion.
A study on coleopteran pests in the elm tree in 2019-2020 found that 15 species of coleopteran pests belonging to 4 families infect trees. Among the coleopteran pests were insects belonging to the family Chrysomelidae, Scolytidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae. Of the identified pests, severely damaged pine leaf beetles were isolated.The effectiveness of new chemicals against it has been determined. According to the above studies, 7 of the
14 affected chemicals (Bagira 20% water soluble powde»., Indox 15% suspension concentrate., Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate., Match 5% oil-suspension concentrate, Prokleim 5% water soluble granules., Dva-trin 10% emulsion concentrate., Agrofos-D 55% emulsion concentrate) chemicals were found to be highly susceptible to larvae and beetles of the elm leaf beetle. In studies, the resources that are highly effective against worms are Akito 10% emulsion concentrate. (0.4 l / ha), Bagira 20% water-soluble concentrate. (0.7 l / ha), Indox 15% suspension concentrate. (0.5 l / ha), Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate. (0.6 l / ha), Match 5% oil-suspension concentrate (0.5 l / ha), Proclamy 5% water soluble granules. (0.5l / ha), Dva-trin 10% emulsion concentrate. (0.6 l / ha), Agrofos-D 55% emulsion concentrate. (1.0 l / ha) and some types of vehicles with low sensitivity (Vertimek 1.8% emulsion concentrate., Korbofos 57% emulsion concentrate.) have identified. Chemicals Bagira 20% water soluble powder., Indox 15% suspension concentrate., Atilla 5% emulsion concentrate., Agrofos-D 55% emulsion concentrate. were identified that showed high sensitivity to their imagos. The sensitivity of the remaining chemicals was low. The larval stages of larval development are dominated by 1-3 year old larvae with low susceptibility to adults (4-5). Research on the use of these chemicals and their biological effectiveness will continue. However, farmers were advised to use highly effective chemicals in the field.
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