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COGNITIVE SEMANTIC PECULIARITIES OF PAREMIOLOGICAL MEANS IN ENGLISH, KYRGYZ AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES
D.T. Kasymova, Lecturer
K. Zhusupaliev, Lecturer
A.B. Baatyrbekova, Lecturer
A.K. Zulpukarova, Associate Professor
Osh State University
(Kyrgyzstan, Osh)
DOL10.24412/2500-1000-2023-9-2-31-34
Abstract. One of the most topical issues is the current stage of the formation of cognitive pa-remiology with all the complex set of unsolved problems connected with it. Among them there are questions about the linguistic and linguistic status, about the uniqueness of the species, about the functional purpose and cultural significance ofparemi as folklore and linguistic representations of the mentality. The article discusses the cognitive-semantic peculiarities of the pa-remiological units of the languages studied.
Keywords: language, cognitive, linguistics, paremiology, ethno-linguistic, text, categorizing.
Recently, the problem of national-cultural specificity of linguistic units has been of increasing interest to linguists.
As it is known, the high index of ethnocul-tural marking is manifested in paremi, which reflect the rich cultural and historical experience of the people, national characteristics of the world picture and world understanding. In the form of cliched linguistic constructions, the ethno-cognitive analysis of which allows to identify the semantic constants in the national-linguistic consciousness, the paremio-logical picture of the world reflects the most significant part of the general picture of the world [1]. The paremiological units, which represent a verbal-stereotypical way of regulation of the human behavior, can be considered as a national-traditional form of manifestation of the observation, edification and re-flexivity in the human society. A rich palette of nuances of conceptualization and representation of knowledge about the external and internal world by representatives of this or that ethno-cultural society is revealed to researchers by the double refraction of the pa-remiological world view - in the national consciousness and in the linguistic space.
Paremiology's original purpose is to study language's value-sense space in its stable secondary representations, testifying to this or that linguoculture's figurative stereotypes [2].
Paremi are folkloric and linguistic formations defined as folk aphorisms expressing certain ethno-linguistic stereotypes. Such an understanding is of fundamental importance to the paremiology, because it allows to include a typologically large set of folkloric aphorisms into the paremiology, especially to refer to folkloric aphorisms which are distinguished from others by the absence of an explicit conclusion. The antecedent character of paremi is determined by their secondary linguistic function and the inclusion potential of the cognitive basis of semantics. Riddles and proverbs have the highest precedent potential. Riddles and proverbs serve mainly as a basis for linguistic transformations
We interpret paremi as aphorisms of folk-loric provenance, characterized by stability, reproducibility, and priority, while permitting the variability of their syncretic form and semantic content within the original semantic-pragmatic constant. At the same time, proverbs, omens and riddles, with all their categorical features, are texts of a special kind, since they are certain "text models", abstract invariants possessing the main features of a text and cognitive-pragmatic functions intended for the expression of judgments with an evaluative-pragmatic interpretation of a stereotypical situation in relation to a certain discourse [3]. Proverbs, on the other hand, are not texts. They are pragmatically oriented
components of an utterance that participate in the processes of indirectly derived nomination.
Contemporary cognitive-pragmatic pare-miology tries to build such a theoretical basis and such a conceptual apparatus that allows us to regard paremi not only as manifestations of ethno-cultural and collective linguistic production, but also as complex signs with nominative-cognitive function of generation and consolidation of knowledge of a special kind in the process of realization of discursive purposes. The cognitive-pragmatic paremiol-ogy is, first of all, a deepening of the cognitive-discursive doctrine of the modern theory of secondary nominative signs.
On the other hand, the cognitive-pragmatic methodology is directed to the solution of controversial issues of traditional paremiolo-gy, first of all, to the disclosure of correlations between semantic and cognitive categories. The study of the hidden mechanisms of interaction between the inner forms, meanings, senses, motivations, connotations of the linguistic units and the cognitive interrelations between them, which objectify the products of human cognitive activities (concepts, frameworks, those elements of the linguistic consciousness which are the results of discursive conceptualizing and categorizing of reality), becomes particularly relevant [4].
A cognitive and pragmatic method of description and modeling of paremic semantics is defined by a system of operations, which aims to identify main levels of semantic stratification of parem: linguistic-cognitive basis of meaning, internal form, paremic meaning and pragmatic meaning. Cognitive aspect of research refers to understanding mechanisms of integration of products of two related cognitive processes - processes of categorizing and conceptualizing.
Categorizing is the most important process in the entire cognitive mechanism of semantic formation of paremi, which is connected with human cognitive abilities and the formation of the linguistic conceptosphere. Categorizing is the basis for the formation of paremi, since the paremi-creating nodes of human creative language processing are based on the following operations:
a) comparison, identification, that is, search for tercium comparationis, that is, search for the third member of the comparison of compared objects, that is, the criterion of comparison in which two compared objects correspond;
b) metaphorizing (establishment of similarity, resemblance);
c) metonymizing (identification of adjacent thought areas. Through categorization there is a verbalization in paremi, which is reflected in human consciousness, classified and associatively distributed objects of comparison [4].
The categorization process is organically linked to conceptualization, which involves understanding incoming information and leads to the formation of parametric conceptual structures: concepts, frames, and scenarios. They differ in the end result and/or the purpose of the activity, since they are classification activities. The first process has as its goal the isolation of those minimal semantic elements which are the cognitive substrate of a paremy. The second process involves integrating the previously identified semantic elements into a single cognitive structure-a paremy-forming concept or frame. Such integration takes place on the basis of the objective semantic similarities of the objects of thought or on the basis of the associative perception of the same objects.
The pragmatic aspect of paremic semantics is inseparable from the cognitive aspect, since the processes of categorizing and conceptualizing proceed in conjunction with the original pragmatic motive of paremic semantics: the translation of a life stereotype. This paper argues that the diversity of pragmatic motivations and the commonalities of its foundations are due to (1) the functional-category specificity of paremic genres, (2) the linguistic universality of popular aphorisms, and (3) the different degrees of dependence of the expressed meaning on the discursive intention that can be observed in different varieties of paremi.
In the process of modeling the cognitive-pragmatic paradigm of paremic semantics, the following basic research vectors are established:
1) identify typological semantic features of paremi;
2) determine the functional-categorical status of paremic genres;
3) reveal the essence of the semantic structure of paremi;
4) substantiate the role of the factor of cultural significance of paremi [5].
The typology of paremics is related to the stratification of paremic genres according to the features most relevant to paremic semantics: the nature of paremic meaning, paradigmatic potential, and hierarchy of semantic structure.
The functional-categorical status of pare-mic genres against the background of their leading (genre and general paremic) purpose is established by identifying the cognitive and pragmatic functions realized by paremic genres.
It is understood as a set of pragmatically determined meanings of a paraphrase, which are motivated by an internal form and represent a recognition basis of a paraphrase, according to a potential of a unitary meaning and a discursive intent. The concept of the meaning of a paremi, characterized by the cognitive-pragmatic content of a paremi, is recognized as broader than the concept of the meaning.
The semantic structure of paremi, conditioned by its cognitive and pragmatic rele-
is formed in the process of usualization of the semantic content of a folk aphorism.
The cultural relevance factor is the value-semantic labeling of the episteme paremi represents.
The unit of the cognitive-pragmatic study of paremic semantics is the multilevel semantic structure of a paremic sign text (for proverbs, omens and riddles) or phrase (for sayings) [6].
In this way, each type of paremiological units has a wide range of differential features that make it possible to distinguish between them with precision. Sayings, proverbs, aphorisms, idiomatic expressions and their transformations are considered as paremiological units, since these units are fixed in the respective dictionaries and have stability, semantic integrity, reproducibility both in a wide and in a narrow circle of representatives of a certain linguistic culture. Paremiological units are a valuable material for the study of universal and idio-ethnic specificity of languages and cultures because of their national-cultural conditionality, ability to convey information about people's life experience and worldview. In the course of time, however, proverbs, sayings, aphorisms, and idioms are transformed into new paremi by extralinguistic factors according to certain rules of combination, resulting in the formation of new structural-semantic forms of linguistic units.
vance for stereotypical discursive situations,
References
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3. Kulkova M.A., Shaimardanova M.R. Evaluative conceptualization in paroemiology language (on examples of Russian and English languages) // Life Science Journal. - 2014. -№ 11 (7). - Pp. 485-487. (ISSN: 10978135). URL: http://www.lifesciencesite.com. (дата обращения: 15.01.2015)
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6 Osmanova, T. Structural and semantic analysis of phraseological novelties of the Russian language. - SPb., 1991.
КОГНИТИВНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПАРЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ В АНГЛИЙСКОМ, КЫРГЫЗСКОМ И РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ
Д.Т. Касымова, преподаватель К. Жусупалиев, преподаватель А.Б. Баатырбекова, преподаватель А.К. Зулпукарова, доцент Ошский государственный университет (Кыргызстан, г. Ош)
Аннотация. Одним из наиболее актуальных вопросов является современный этап становления когнитивной паремиологии со всем сложным комплексом связанных с ней нерешенных проблем. Среди них - вопросы о лингвистическом и языковом статусе, об уникальности вида, о функциональном назначении и культурной значимости паремий как фольклорно-языковых репрезентаций менталитета. В статье рассматриваются когнитивно-семантические особенности паремиологических единиц исследуемых языков.
Ключевые слова: язык, когнитивный, лингвистика, паремиология, этнолингвистика, текст, категоризация.
