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УПРАВЛЕНИЕ И МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЦЕССОВ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
UDC 004.896:621.03 BBK 32.965.2:30.13
I. A. Shcherbatov
CLASSIFICATION OF PURE FORMALIZED COMPLEX MULTICOMPONENT TECHNICAL SYSTEMS UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY
И. А. Щербатов
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ СЛАБОФОРМАЛИЗУЕМЫХ МНОГОКОМПОНЕНТНЫХ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ В УСЛОВИЯХ НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОСТИ
The purpose of this work is allocation of a new classification sign of the complex pure formalized multicomponent systems functioning in the conditions of uncertainty. The basic principles of existence of difficult pure formalized multicomponent systems and possibility of their classification division for the best structurization of considered subject domain and realization according to the basic postulated principles of modeling representation of a class of difficult pure formalized multicomponent systems are formulated. New classification signs allow carrying out transition to consideration of simpler and the universal structural organizations of multicomponent systems, behavioural signs the component of which possess a high degree of intellectuality.
Key words: aomplex system, pure formalized system, uncertainty, classification, property of multicomponent of complex technical systems.
Цель исследований - выделение нового классификационного признака сложных слабофор-мализуемых многокомпонентных систем, функционирующих в условиях неопределенности. Сформулированы основные принципы существования сложных слабоформализуемых многокомпонентных систем и возможности их классификационного деления для лучшей структуризации рассматриваемой предметной области и реализации в соответствии с базовыми постулируемыми принципами модельного представления класса сложных слабоформализуемых многокомпонентных систем. Новые классификационные признаки позволяют осуществить переход к рассмотрению более простой и универсальной структурной организации многокомпонентных систем, поведенческие признаки компонент которых обладают высокой степенью интеллектуальности.
Ключевые слова: сложная система, слабоформализуемая система, неопределенность, классификация, свойство многокомпонентности сложных технических систем.
Introduction
Multicomponent system (MS) represents a class of systems whose properties are unique, the behavior is poorly predictable, and model of representation is poorly formalized. Besides, MSs are capable of developing a purpose and possess the built-in mechanisms of its achievement. These mechanisms can be synthesized by the system based on retrospective experience and introduce basic methods of the solution of separate tasks that arise in typical situations and conditions.
On the basis of the above-mentioned statements, we will formulate the main principles of MS existence and possibilities of their classification for the purpose of better structure of the considered subject domain and realization according to the basic postulated principles of modeling.
Principles of existence of MS
Physical laws, which affect system components in time and space, lie at the core of any MS functioning. Therefore, the physical principle of time and space is extremely important. Physical laws define behavior of the system in the sense, that they realize internal relationships of cause and effect.
The basis of the description of physical laws is a possibility of measurement of physical sizes. In other words, these are the chosen metrics and existence of a set of invariants limited by the researcher as a part of MS.
Another basic principle is the principle of possibility of the model representation, whose essence lies in the fact that it’s possible to realize any MS model. However, various kinds of uncertainty, including uncertainty of environment, should be considered while drawing up of model description of MS. In relation to uncertainty, considerable numbers of scientific works are devoted to the realization of invariance of MS. Nevertheless, this direction of MS research isn’t investigated sufficiently enough.
Finally, the principle of achievement of the purpose under the conditions of uncertainty is crucial. In this case basic possibility of achievement by the system of the global purpose, even in the conditions of uncertainty, is claimed. This aspect is extremely essential, as the formulated principle belongs to the purpose of MS and the control system applied for it.
New classification properties of MS
The class of complex technical systems (CTS) is allocated in the theory of systems according to the classification property - complexity of structure and behavior [1]. In table 1 the main classification properties of CTS are presented.
Mathematica Physica I— Chemical
Organizec Diffused Self-organized
Fig. 1. The main classification properties of CTS
Each of classification properties presented in fig. 1 is described in details in scientific literature and manuals devoted to the theory of systems and system analysis. That is why this work presents only the scope of them.
Each MS possesses a certain behavior in the sense that it moves from one condition to another, for example, from an initial condition to the target (final) one. This is caused by the presence of operating mechanisms. With their help of this transition it is carried out. However, essential practical success of systems based on knowledge (artificial intelligence systems) during the last three decades allows confirming with high degree of certainty that rational systems will soon appear. They will possess not only signs of rational behavior, but also high degree of autonomy. Therefore, with reference to the mentioned class of systems, it is possible to allocate a new classification property which is isolated from the others. This property is called «intellectuality degree».
Intellectuality degree of MS g e [0; l] - existence of properties of the rational behaviour p j e 0, i = 1, m, j = 1, l, forming in MS S components Kj, j = 1, l, whose autonomy of functioning is realized by means of methods of artificial intelligence. Where i - number of properties of rational behavior, 0 - a set of properties of rational behavior, pij - i a property of rational behavior of j component.
Then it is possible to express degree of intellectuality with the help of the following equation:
l m
ZZ wi Pi g = j=1 i=1
l
f1, the sign is present . ^
where pz- = < , Wj - importance degree (weight) of I property, Z wf = 1.
[0, the sign is not present
Intellectuality degree (fig. 2) allows allocating components and elements which can function independently (at this technological stage of development this independence can’t be comprehensive), in compliance with the need of achieving a common goal of MS.
PURE FORMALIZED MULTICOMPONENT TECHNICAL SYSTEMS
Fig. 2. The main classification properties of MS
The MS following types are proposed according to the degree of intellectuality:
- pseudo-intellectual - systems, whose behavior is predetermined by regular methods and laws of management or in advance predetermined scenarios (at a design stage), whose control is completely assigned to a control unit;
- with limited intelligence - a number of functions of management for realization of directed behavior can be transferred to the MS component, management lies in the restriction of degree of independent behavior;
- intellectual - completely independent components with built-in mechanisms of adaptation of behavior under the conditions of uncertainty.
Then taking into account (1) we will receive:
Y =
0, the pseudo-intellectual,
(0;1), with limited intelligence,
1, the intellectual.
Existence of rational properties and in the long term reasonable behavior of MS components allows organizing the decentralized control systems. Control system decentralization is an extremely effective way of achieving high economic efficiency, and also ensuring reliability and safety of MS. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate another crucially important classification of the property, whose name is «extent of decentralization and hierarchy of a control system».
According to the extent of decentralization and hierarchy of a control system, the following MS types are allocated:
- allocated center, management on levels - traditional control systems of complex technological processes;
- decentralized management, presence of levels of management - necessity of control means at allocated levels of MS remains;
- decentralized intellectual management - control systems of elements of MS possess independence, at the expense of presence of properties of rational behavior and intellectuality of elements.
ll
Conclusion
The formulated new classification of properties makes a transition to consideration easier of the MS universal structural organizations, behavioral properties whose components possess high degree of intellectuality.
REFERENCES
1. Volkova V. N, Denisov A. A. The theory of systems and the system analysis. - M.: Jurajt, 2010. - 680 p.
The paper is submitted to the editorial board 24.04.2012
INFORMATION ABOUT AUTHOR
Shcherbatov Ivan Anatolievich - Astrakhan State Technical University; Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor; Doctoral Candidate of the Department "Computer Engineering and Electronics"; [email protected].
Щербатов Иван Анатольевич - Астраханский государственный технический университет; канд. техн. наук, доцент; докторант кафедры «Вычислительная техника и электроника»; [email protected].
