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CIVIL SOCIETY
© Getman A.V.1, Dolganovskaya N.V.2
South federal university
Civil society with developed economic, cultural, legal and political relations, independent of the state, but to interact with it, the society of citizens of high social, political, cultural and moral status, creating together with the state of development of legal relations.
Key words: society, approaches, civil, English Classical theory, German theory, French theory.
Civil society is a concept to refer to the type of society, which is characterized in that: 1. It is an association of free individuals 2. Individuals are able to solve all their problems private 3. The components of his social relationships have a legal nature 2. Theoretical approaches to the identification of the essence of civil society: 1) J. Locke saw civil society, recognized by the state only the amount of authority that authorized the social contract between citizens 2) Sh Montesquieu, Rousseau, A. Ferguson were unanimous in recognizing the supremacy of the civil society over the state 3) Hegel believed that civil society there is a «middle» between the family and the state. The supreme arbiter in the face of state expresses general interest 4) Karl Marx believed that the content of civil society institutions are families, classes, grades, determined by the level of development of material production 5) The liberal line of the center of gravity of the concept of civil society tolerate freedom as the highest value. Theoretical approaches regarding the interaction between civil society and the state: i. English Classical theory: the state, and autonomous civil society (the state does not interfere in the affairs of civil society, civil society does not violate the state privileges) ii. German theory: civil society - government opposition iii. French theory - civil society and government must work together, finding agreement. Discussions about the relationship between the state and civil society continues to this day. 3. The modern civil society has the following structure: 1) voluntarily formed the primary community of people (family, co-operatives, associations, public organizations, artistic, sporting, ethnic, and others. Association) 2) The set of non-governmental, non-political relations in society:. Economic, social, family, etc. It is the customs, traditions, customs of the people 3) Field of self-manifestation of free individuals and organizations, fenced laws of direct intervention into it from the government The main functions of civil society: a. operation of norms and values which the state of the fixes its sanction. b. Education environment in which the development
1 4th year student of the Institute of Sociology and Regional Studies.
2 Lecturer of the Department of the English Language of the Institute of Philology, Journalism and Cross-cultural Communication.
Социальные процессы в современном мире
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of the social individual is formed. c. Ensuring the free development of the personality in the economic basis of different forms of ownership, a mixed market economy d. Regulation of the relationship through civil law e. Comprehensive protection of the interests of each person, his right to life, liberty, f. Implementation of broad self-government in all spheres and at all levels of public life Thus, the main function of civil society is the most complete satisfaction of material, social and spiritual needs of its citizens. Based on the concept of civil society, in parallel to its formation should be a process of development of the rule of law, where the constitutional state - a concept to indicate the type of state, which is characterized by the following features: the rule of law of laws, recognition of the rights and freedoms of the individual, the principle of separation of powers, the existence of civil society 4. At this point we can say that there is a process of civil society in Russia, associated with significant changes in the social structure. The new social hierarchy is very different from that which existed in the Soviet era, is characterized by extreme instability. Tunable mechanisms of stratification, increasing social mobility, there is a lot of marginalized groups with uncertain status. Begin to shape the objective possibilities for the formation of the middle class (about 10 % - 15 %). For a significant transformation of the structure of Russian society is necessary to transform the institutions of property and power, accompanied by the erosion of the boundaries between the groups, change group interests and social interactions. There are many voluntary organizations (consumer associations, ecological. Groups, etc.). Many of them, having experienced rapid growth, lose activity. Private Russian underestimates the self-organization of the group. In overcoming this state, largely due to the process of transformation, and is the specificity of the current stage of development. 5. The South of Russia is characterized by a fairly large number of voluntary socio-political and ethno-cultural movements. In addition to the social and political movements, whose requirements correspond to the Constitution, there are radical movements, such as the separatist (for example, in the Chechen Republic, the Republic of Dagestan), which slow down the process of formation of civil society. The complexity of this process is the same in that society in the South of Russia has a multi-ethnic character and the level of maturity gap and the development of civil relations in various subjects of the Southern Federal District. The principle activity of the national cultural movement advocates the principle of equality - the proclamation of equality, respect for fundamental human rights, which are fundamental principles of civil society.
References:
1. "Civil society - Define Civil society at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com.
2. Jump up «Civil Society». Collins English Dictionary - Complete and Unabridged 11th Edition. Retrieved 2 August 2012 from CollinsDictionary.com website: http://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/civil-society.
