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Isakova Lola Isakovna, Research Institute of Sanitation, Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the Ministry of Health
of the Republic of Uzbekistan, senior scientific-applicant of the hygiene laboratory of children and teenagers E-mail: [email protected]
Characteristic of physical activity of young athletes of the Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan
Abstract: 746 young athletes, 538 (72,1%) from them boys and 208 (27,9%) girls, in aged from 7 to 17 years were examined, living in the Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan Republic. It was defined that girls playing sports were 2,6 times less, than their peers athletes. More than 50% of boys-athletes were engaged in team sports, 32% — different types of single combats; about 9% — complicity coordinated types of sports, 3,5% — acyclic high-speed and strength oriented and about 3% of boys-athletes were engaged in chess. Among girls-athletes, distribution about classification of sports, had been presented by following groups: 76,4% were complicity coordinated types of sports, 12,9% — team sports, 4,8% — different types of single combats, 3,4% — acyclic high-speed and strength orientation and 2,4% of girls-athletes were engaged in chess. Examined pupils of the Syrdarya region who are regularly attend systematic sports activities within 4 years; an average duration of one training occupation was 2 hours, from 3 to 5-6 times a week.
Keywords: young athletes, sports educational institutions, different types of sport, systematic sports activities, physical activity, motive mode.
Physical activity are primary communication facility and interaction with environment, household, labor, sports and other types of activity having important social issues. Systematic physical training and going for sport are trained and enhanced physiological functions regulation mechanisms, increased the level of capacity to be act of an organism and its nonspecific resistance. There is a big and irreplaceable role of physical activity for growing organism as natural stimulator of its growth and development. Standard sizes of physical activity for various age periods and different social national groups cannot be same that should be changed with age, as in quantitative, and in a qualitative terms [1, 19-29].
"Upbringing of the healthy and harmoniously developed generation means formation of state base with a great future, achievement of high authority in the world" is a priority task. Government of the republic has been set for itself the task of consecutive children's sport development in close connection with process of education and upbringing, realization of a large-scale work in this direction.
Creation according to Presidential Decree of Uzbekistan Republic in 2002 the Children's sport development Fund has been served as an important step on the way of children's sport development. The fund acts as an effective mechanism of realization ofthe purposes and tasks in children's sport field. The main objectives of the Fund — to promote of realization the state policy in the physical activity and
sport development field among children, awakening of interest in sport at younger generation, protection of youth against various adverse effects, upbringing them in the spirit of a patriotism.
Government of Uzbekistan Republic has been developed and adopted the state social programs which are directed to strengthening of children health state of and diseases prevention, by general promotion of healthy lifestyle, instilling of interest in physical activity and sport. In evidence of this are realized Resolutions of the President of RUz №PP-2221 from 8/1/2014. "About the State program on further strengthening of population reproductive health, mothers health protection, children and teenagers in Uzbekistan for 2014-2018" and №PP-2487 from 2/9/2016 "About the State program "The year of healthy mother and child".
To realize the tasks for further strengthening of youth interest in sport, approval of healthy lifestyle principles in society, system organizations of the sports competitions directed to continuous involvement of pupils and students to sports activity according to national model and the education program, and also ensuring effective functioning of this system the three-stage sports competitions "Umid Nikhollary", "Barkamol Avlod" and "Universiada" among pupils of comprehensive schools, academic lyceums and professional colleges, and also students of higher educational institutions are held in republic.
Characteristic of physical activity of young athletes of the Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan
Keeping of the healthy lifestyle principles, physical exercises and sport positively influence strengthening of health, rising of physical development level and physical capacity, carry out such important functions as educational and cognitive, spiritual and moral also social and biological adaptation, decrease of social tension, prevent diseases and offenses, fight against addictions [4, 23-35; 5, 207258]. Therefore many processes and phenomena are occurred in the physical and sports activities make deep social meaning.
Positive nation health is well affected to culture, education, health care, science and economy [2, 10-35].
Goal: to study physical activity of sports schools pupils of the Syrdarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Materials and methods: Total surveyed were 746 young athletes, 538 (72,1%) of them boys and 208 (27,9%) girls, in aged from 7 to 17. Study has been conducted in 49 sports educational institutions ofthe Syrdarya region of Uzbekistan Republic, including Gulistan, Syrdarya and Bakht cities, and also regional centers and settlements. For studying purpose of physical activity of young athletes, individual survey by specially developed questionnaire which included passport part (birth date, residence, sex, number of the sport-school), sport type, durations of occupations in this sport and durations of one occupation (training) were conducted. Questionnaires have been distributed by age and sex accessory of pupils' athletes.
The study material analysis was carried out with calculation of the main statistical sizes ofvariation ranks. By using of the Microsoft Excel program calculation of an average arithmetic quantity (Mav) characterizing the typical quantity of a sign has been made; errors of an average arithmetic quantity (m) characterizing reliability of collected material and its uniformity; an average quadratic deviation (8) characterizing variability of a sign and being a conditional criterion of a sign deviation from its average arithmetic quantity.
The studies were conducted within framework of the State grant ADSS-15.17.1 and ATSS-24.3 projects.
Results and discussions: the interview result analysis has been shown that from total number of the examined young athletes, boys-athletes were 2,6 times more, than girls-athletes (538 against 208 people).
It was revealed that among children athletes of the Syrdarya region 18 sports were popular. So, boys were engaged in 15, and girls — in 11 types of sports. It is demonstrated that favorable conditions for realization children and teenagers potential abilities, according to their tendencies to a certain specialization (type athletics, game function, etc.) and to interests are created in the republic.
General quantitative distribution of the boys who are engaged in main types of sport had following character: soccer (45,5%), freestyle wrestling (17,5%), table tennis (8,5%), kickboxing and boxing (4,8 and 4,5% — respectively), chess (3%), basketball and handball (by 2,6%), volleyball (2,2%), a kernel throwing (2,0%), an arm wrestling (1,9%), Greco-Roman wrestling and athletics (by 1,5%), taekwondo and big tennis (by 1%). Girls-athletes distribution by sports types were rhythmic-sportive gymnastics (63,9%), table tennis (9,6%), basketball (5,3%), soccer (3,8%), athletics (3,7%), synchronized swimming (2,9%), volleyball, big tennis, national wrestling and chess (by 2,4%), handball (by 1,4%).
According to the modified classification of sports, based on manifestation features of physical and technical athletes abilities taking into account popular sports in the republic [3, 30], examined pupils were distributed by groups (acyclic high-speed and power orientation, combat sport, precise sports, shooting disciplines, managerial sports, cyclic sports requiring preferential manifestation of endurance and cyclic sprint sports). Thus, more than 50% of boys-athletes were engaged in team sports, 32% — different types of combat sports; about 9% — precise sports, 3,5% — acyclic highspeed and power orientation and about 3% of boys-athletes were engaged in chess. Among girls-athletes, distribution by the sports classification have been provided on the following groups: 76,4% were precise sports, 12,9% — team sports, 4,8% — different types of combat sports, 3,4% — acyclic high-speed and power orientation and 2,4% of girls-athletes were engaged in chess. Therefore, choosing of a sport depends not only on interests, but also psychophysiological features of pupils-athletes. Thus, popular sports among boys and girls of the Syrdarya region playing systematically sports were determined.
An important issue in formation of the rational active regime of children and teenagers is played by duration of sports activities and length of workout session. Duration of sports activities up to 1 year were at 11% of boys-athletes and 42,8% of girls-athletes, from 1 year to 2 years — 43,1% of boys-athletes and 33,7% of girls-athletes, from 2nd to 4th years — 33,6 and 17,3% respectively, of the 4th and more years — attended systematic sports activities of 12,3% of boys-athletes and 6,2% of their contemporaries. From the provided data it is possible to conclude that at 91% of children-athletes of the Syrdarya region duration of sports activities were up to 4 years. It can be said, that young sportsmen understand an importance of systematic sports activities.
The data analysis has been shown that an average length of workout session among children athletes were 2 hours, and maximum — 4 hours. 94% of boys-athletes were engaged in systematic sport training session from 3 to 6 times a week while most of girls-athletes (85%) attended — from 3 to 5 times a week. It demonstrates that regular physical exercises and sports activities make an integral part of children activity of the Syrdarya region.
Conclusions:
1. As, number of girls playing sports were 2,6 times less, than their peers-athletes, it is necessary to strength work among health workers, teachers, trainers and physical education teachers by involvement of girls to systematic sport activity.
2. As a result of carried-out work in the field of children's sport development, in the republic favorable conditions for the choice of a certain sport according to age and sex are created to accessory, specific features, tendencies and interests of children and teenagers.
3. An important role in formation of physical activity of children athletes of the Syrdarya region plays physical exercises and sports activities. The examined pupils of the Syrdarya region regularly attend systematic sports activities within 4 years; an average length of workout session was 2 hours, from 3 to 5-6 times a week.
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Isanova Dilfuza Tursunovna, Senior scientific employee-researcher of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan
Azizov Yuriy Dalievich, MD, professor of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Microbiology of Andijan State Medical Institute, Andijan, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
The estimation of the variability of the taxonomic characteristics of patogens of urinary tract infections in women
Abstract: The aim was a comparative study of the variability of taxonomic characters sown E.coli strains from women with acute and chronic cystitis. It was found that E.coli strains isolated from different habitats of the body healthy and sick women with varying frequency detected taxonomic characteristics, which are associated with the adhesiveness of the pathogen. Strains were sown in women with acute and chronic cystitis, variability exhibited by fermentation mannitol, sucrose, arabinose, glucose, sodium citrate, hemolytic activity.
Keywords: taxonomic characteristics, variability, urinary tract infections, pathogens, E.coli.
Many of the major taxonomic characteristics (TCh) of organ- = 84) ChC. The diagnosis was verified by modern clinical and inisms do not change in normal growth conditions, but under the in- strumental, laboratory methods and confirmed by bacteriological fluence of various unfavorable factors the properties change [1]. examination.
Many opportunistic pathogens bacterium (OPB) were acquired After the identification of isolated cultures for further in-depth
pathogenic properties namely under these conditions [5]. It is proved that the long persistence of the pathogen in the body leads to a chronic process of infectious-inflammatory process and change some of the properties of this organism [2; 6; 7].
The researchers note that the leading causative agents of urinary tract infections (UTI) are the E.coli [3; 8].
In uropathogenic of E.coli, isolated from women with acute cystitis virulence was, the higher was the most resistant to ciprofloxacin and of E.coli, associated with cystitis women, in contrast to of E.coli, isolated from healthy individuals treated particularly severely limited clonal group A-CGA [9].
At the same time, according to other authors, there is a shift in the etiology of acute (AC) cystitis recent years. Thus, some authors believe that there is replacement ofE.coli to other En-terobacteriace-ae, with an increase in their share to 21.8% [2] and even up to 60.8%.
It is still not resolved is the degree of changes of taxonomic characters uropathogenic microorganisms. In this regard, the study of basic taxonomic features of human pathogens of UTI, including women of childbearing age in the dynamics of the disease, monitoring ino-culation OPB is relevant.
Aim of the study. Comparative study and evaluation of the variability of the main ta-xonomic E.coli signs that sown by women of childbearing age with UTI.
Materials and methods. To accomplish this goal were studied 1026 women's urine sam-ples UTI patients (age 18-49 years), of which 27.1 ± 1.4% (n=278) cases of urine samples col-lected from women of AC and chronic cystitis (ChC). Of these, 69.8 ± ± 2.8% (n=194) ofwomen diagnosed with AC and 30.2 ± 2.8% (n
research on bacteriological variability taxonomic features 29 E.coli strains were used (15 from women with AC and 14 from women with ChC) at > 1h105 CFU/ml in urine. For comparison, 21 E.coli strain is seeded from the feces of healthy women (control group).
All bacteriological tests for the identification and differentiation of strains were per-formed in the same conditions using conventional bacteriological methods [4].
Statistical processing of the obtained materials was performed by variation statistics using the application package for biomedical research. When organizing and conducting research using the principles of evidence-based medicine.
Results and discussion. We found that out of 278 AC and ChC E.coli female patients urine samples were sown in 73.9 ± ± 2.6% of patients. However, often plated with E.coli other representatives of the family Enterobacteriaceae, genera Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Enterococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp and Candida spp.
Further identification of crops showed the homogeneity of microbial genera Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp. on the main TCh. Due to the fact, that often plated E.coli, the special microbiological studies were carried out with the strains of these microor-ganisms.
It is known, that the hemagglutinating strains activity characterizes their adhesiveness, as one of the bacterial pathogenicity factors [1]. Study of the total activity hemagglutinating strains of E.coli seeded from urine of patients with ChC showed that 85.7 ± ± 9.3% of cases (n = 12), they possess these properties. This parameter was significantly superior parameters strains (P<0.002) seeded
