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0кости. Благодаря уникальной микроструктуре и чистоте поверхности HST™ созревание костной ткани вокруг имплантатов происходит намного быстрее. Единая универсальная ортопедическая платформа значительно упрощает работу ортопеда. Наличие конусного соединения и переключение платформ позоляет рекомендовать имплантаты данной линейки для проведения одномоментной имплантации и немедленной нагрузки, а также после удаления зуба, фиксировать имплантат одновременно с синус- лифтингом. Таким образом, имплантаты Humana Dental можно рекомендовать для применения как в простых, так и в сложных нестандартных клинических случаях.
Список литературы
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CHANGES TISSUE PROTEO-, AND FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY AND NITROGEN MONOXIDE METABOLITES LEVEL IN LIMBICO-HYPOTHALAMIC STRUCTURES OF RAT'S BRAIN OF
DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS
Savchuk T.P.
PhD, assistant physiology department Boshtan S. V.
assistant physiology department Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine „Bukovinian State Medical University ", Chernivtsi, Ukraine
ABSTRACT
In article the data about change of a level fybrino and proteolytic are submitted to activity on a background of development of a diabetes at rats - males of different age groups. And as the data about a role of monooxid nitrogen in pathogenesis of developments of degenerate changes of hippocampus of a brain of development of experimentala diabetes are received.
Keywords. A diabetes, nitrogen monoxide, fibrinolysis, proteolysis.
Aging is an important factor responsible for modification of brain's neurochemical status. Oxidative stress, which is the reason for degeneration of brain's tissue, can initiate the modification of proteo and fibrinolytic activity which can cause changes of homeostasis on the level of cells, tissue and entire human organism. That's why the significance of exploring these processes is obvious. Interaction of proteolysis and fibrinolysis systems defines pathogenesis of different
changes, the degree of damage to cells and also adaptation and endurance of injured brain's tissue [1, p. 54].
Tissue proteo and fibrinilytical activity plays an important role as far as mechanisms of selective sensibility of brain's structures to pathological factors are concerned. The impairments of balance in protease-anti protease system are particularly dangerous to nervous system. The changes of proteolytical activity when growing older and spatially when having a disease such
as: diabetes, stroke can be the reason for Alzheimer's disease in senior patients [2, p. 530].
The last investigations settled that one of the most essential mediators in human body was nitrogen monoxide (NO) which is considered to be of tissue hormone, that supports active vasodilatation. Under normal conditions nitrogen monoxide constantly produces in human brain and causes certain physiological effects NO-synthesis and activity of proteolytic enzymes are connected which can be the basis of neurodegeneration processes [3, p. 2180, 4, p. 2218].
Diabetes is usually considered as metabolic disease connected with impairments of all exchanges. Liver cells play a pivotal role here as they produce great excess of glucose, when p-cells of pancreas produce insulin. Damage to these cells leads to gradual changes of all metabolic and transport processes which take part in glucose's exchange in human organism. Hyperglyce-mia in patients who suffer from diabetes mellitus oxidative stress, additional vascular pathology and, as a result, hypoxia of neurons and neurodegenerative, give the opportunity to suppose that neurons of frontal cortex and hippocampus, which are the most sensitive to hypoxia are involved into pathological process [5, p. 12].
When searching for preparation, which reduce consequences of oxidative stress it is desirable to find the ways which can positively influence the processes of fibrinolysis and proteolysis. The status of fibrinoly-sis and proteolysis in patients at different ages who have diabetes mellitus is not learnt enough.
Our aim was to carry out analysis which clarified proteo- and fibrinolytic activity of limbico-hypotha-lamic structures of the brain tissue and nitrogen monoxide synthesis in rats of different age groups when developing experimental diabetes [6, p. 120, 7, p. 20].
Materials and methods. The investigation was carried out on non lineal laboratory mall rats at the age of one months (young animals), five months (adult animal) and eighteen months (old animal). Protamine sulfate was used to awake diabetes mellitus. There was intermuscular injection 1 mg/kg two times a day for 14 day. The animals which had the level of glycemia not
lower then 10 Mm/l, were included in experimental grays [8, p. 175].
Tissue fibrinolytic activity was determined according to production of plasmin. The activity of non-enzymatic fibrinolysis was designated on accordance with the degree of solutions colouring in alkaline nu-clium when adding e-aminocaproic acid. The difference between this two indicators constitutes the intensity of enzymatic fibrinolisis.
Proteolytic activity in homogenates of brains structures was determined due to the intensity of colouring after the reaction with azoalbumin, azocasein and azocol.
Concentration of nitrates and nitrites way uses the reagent of in plasma. As this reaction is peculiar only for nitrites, the nitrates were reduced to nitrites by cadmiums granules. The amount of nitrates/nitrits was expressed in mcmoles/l
Limbico-hypothalamic structures were taken for research: Septum of the brain (SB), Preoptical area (PA), Mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH).
Experimental interferences and euthanasia were carried out according to international principals of European convention on protection of vertebral animals. Statistic processing of the result was carried out due to application programmes "Statistica 6.0" and "SPSS 13". Parametric t-criterium of Student was used for assessment of differences of the average values. The result of research.
Excessive activation and depression of tissues pro-teolysis can be an important factor of pathogenesis in nervous tissue. As a consequence of anticoagulative systems awakening, there is an increase in coagulative potential of blood, durable hypercoagulation which inevitably leads to crash of anticoagulative mechanisms conditioned by disbalance of haemostasis system.
Proteolytic activity according to lysis of high molecular weight proteins tended to be reduced in area of the brain septum and was the lowest in old age group similar peculiarities of proteolytic activity status were the same in preoptic areas according to lysis of low molecular weight proteins in the same area.
Fig. 1
Influence of an experimental diabetes on parameters fabric fibrinolytic activity in limbico-hypothalamic
Conditions of experiment summary fibrinolytic activity non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity enzymatic fibrinolytic activity
SB PA MBH SB PA MBH SB PA MBH
Young animals 36,6±2,85 37,9±2,85 38,1±2,85 18,7±2,18 17,98±2,18 l7,98±2,l8 l9,0±2,l2 l,89±2,l2 l9,04±2,l
Adult animals 41,7±2,87 40,7±2,87 39,78±2,8 18,47±1,4 17,99±1,44 l7,99±1,44 22,0±1,5l 2l,36±1,5l 2l,2±1,5l
Old animals 33,4±2,87 37,4±2,87 36,9±2,87 17,2±1,44 16,89±1,44 l6,89±1,44 l9,0±1,5l l8,980±1,5 l8,99±1,5
Young animals with DM 54,3±4,41 Рl<0,005 55,3±4,41 Рl<0,005 54,9±4,41 Рl<0,005 28,9±1,94 Рl<0,005 29,01±1,94 Рl<0,005 29,0l±1,94 Рl<0,005 26,1±2,47 Рl<0,005 25,98±2,47 Рl<0,005 25,91±2,4 Рl<0,005
Adult animals with DM 49,4±2,74 Р2<0,05 48,4±2,74 Р2<0,05 47,98±2,7 Р2<0,05 22,8±1,39 Р2<0,05 21,08±1,39 Р2<0,05 2l,08±1,39 Р2<0,05 25,9±l,30 Р2<0,05 26,09±l,30 Р2<0,05 26,09±l,3 Р2<0,05
Old animals with DM 33,8±2,87 34,8±2,87 Рз<0,05 34,8±2,87 15,2±1,44 l4,2±1,44 Рз<0,05 l4,2±1,44 Рз<0,05 l9,0±1,5l l8,99±1,5l 19,01±1
Age-related differences between reduction of summary and enzymatic fibrinolytic activity were express in SB and PA of old rats, in the area of MBH3 cogent changes were not observed.
Fig. 2
Influence of an experimental diabetes on parameters fabric proteolytic activity in limbico-hypothalamic
areas of the rats brain of different age (M±m, ^ n=8)
Conditions of experiment Lysis of Low-molecular proteins, mkg azoalbumin / ml in one hour Lysis of collagen, mkg azocol /ml in one hour Lysis of High-molecular proteins, mkg azocasein / ml in one hour
SB PA MBH SB PA MBH SB PA MBH
Young animals 2,03±0,0282 2,04±0,0172 1,59±0,028 0,274±0,005 0,25±0,005 0,274±0,005 2,21 ±0,102 l,09±0,092 2,41 ±0,102
Adult animals 1,9±0,0831 2,41±0,0831 l,45±0,034 0,228±0,009 0,21±0,009 0,228±0,009 2,27±0,12 l,89±0,0872 2,57±0,12
Old animals 1,34±0,0685 1,74±0,0685 0,78±0,0082 0,13±0,007 0,12±0,007 0,13±0,007 1,04±0,0988 0,89±0,002 0,94±0,0988
Young animals with DM 5,04±0,023 Рl<0,005 5,24±0,023 Рl<0,005 3,02±0,082 Рl<0,005 0,63±0,002 Рl<0,005 0,593±0,002 Рl<0,005 0,63±0,002 Рl<0,005 5,34±0,09 Рl<0,005 3,84±0,12 Рl<0,005 4,84±0,09 Рl<0,005
Adult animals with DM 1,2±0,012 Р2<0,05 1,9±0,012 Р2<0,05 0,98±0,0082 0,087±0,004 Р2<0,05 0,098±0,004 Р2<0,05 0,087±0,004 Р2<0,005 1,06±0,012 Р2<0,05 0,65±0,004 Р2<0,05 0,99±0,012 Р2<0,005
Old animals with DM 0,76±0,008 Рз<0,05 0,96±0,008 Рз<0,05 0,56±0,0065 0,07±0,002 Рз<0,05 0,069±0,002 Рз<0,005 0,07±0,002 Рз<0,05 0,65±0,003 Рз<0,05 0,34±0,005 Рз<0,05 0,7±0,003
Young rats with diabetes mellitus has strong changes theirs proteolytic activity espedally into the SB and PA. Changes of proteolysis of low- molecular proteins into MBH were not so significant. Changes of lysis of collagen and lysis of high-molecular proteins in
rats with diabetes mellitus were in all investigation groups.
Constitutive changes of proteolytic and fibrinolytic activity correlated with changes of nitrogen oxide's metabolites in plasma of rats at different ages.
Fig.3
Contents NOx in fields of limbico-hypothalamic rat'a brain on a background of development of an experimental diabetes (M±m, n=8)
The rats of old age group had these indicators 2,7 times more in comparison with young rats and 1,3 times less than adult ones had diabetes mellitus arose cogent increase in nitrogen monoxides level in adult rats by 2 and was the reason for decrease of this indicator by 1,5 in old ones.
□ young ■ adult
□ old
□ youngwith diabetes I adult with diabetes
□ old with diabetes Conclusions. Diabetes was the cause of changes
in the proteolytic activity. Significantly increased rates of fibrinolytic and proteolytic activity study found individual differences in parameters of tissue proteolysis and fibrinolysis in different fields of the limbico-hypothalamic of young, adult and old rats. This situation
points to the age-dependent decrease in activity and the number of enzymes that against the backdrop of comorbidity can cause accelerated aging of the brain and neurodegeneration in this brain structure.
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