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475CENTRAL FEATURES OF HALAL TOURISM AND HALAL FOOD Farmanov E.A.1, Kadirova Sh.H.2, Djurayeva N.B.3
1Farmanov Erkin Alimovich - Lecturer;
2Kadirova Shafoat Habibulloevna - Lecturer;
3Djurayeva Nafisa Bahodirovna - Master Student, TOURISM AND HOTEL BUSINESS DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA STATE UNIVERSITY, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article gives some measures and clear understanding of the word Halal and some activities related to Halal Tourism. It begins with The Prophet Muhammad's (peace be upon him) statements, which say what is halal in Islamic world and how to distinguish it from haram. Furthermore, here are some attributes to describe this type of tourism that has already become one of the most lucrative and attractive kinds of tourism. There are some criteria that fulfil halal lawful food which may be consumed by Muslims. Keywords: halal, tourism, halal foods, pilgrimage, religious tourism, sanctuary, halal holidays, unlawful foods, eatable foods.
UDC 338.48
The Prophet Muhammad (upon him be peace and blessings) said: "The halal is clear and the haram is clear, and between them are matters unclear that are unknown to most people. Whoever is wary of these unclear matters has absolved his religion and honor. And whoever indulges in them has indulged in the haram. It is like a shepherd who herds his sheep too close to preserved sanctuary, and they will eventually graze in it. Every king has a sanctuary, and the sanctuary of Allah is what He has made haram. There lies within the body a piece of flesh. If it is sound, the whole body is sound; and if it is corrupted, the whole body is corrupted. Verily this piece is the heart."
As awareness amongst Muslim consumers around the World increases, demand grows for authentic Halal foods. Besides meat, several other issues concerning food drew attention. Food ingredients like flavors, oils, enzymes in cheese, and a variety of other derivatives plus new technologies used in food processing have further complicated the picture. Alcohol and pork derivatives could be embedded in all kind of products that need to be identified and avoided. Establishing and adopting Halal procedures in the processing of consumable and non-consumable goods have become important for consumers and producers alike. This document is an attempt to standardize the Halal procedures by members of the World Halal
Council for the purpose of adopting and promoting these Halal Standards among Muslims and non-Muslims around the World.
The knowledge of halal tourism are pertinent to tourism industry players to develop halal tourism infrastructure and facilities, Muslim friendly destinations, halal travel packages, and halal travel activities. Muslim Tourists who are concerned with halal issues will understand halal requirements related to tourism and will help them choose suitable halal travel alternatives. Muslims believe that the holy Qur'an offers guidelines in all aspects of human activities including tourism choices for both individuals and governments. Some Muslim customers are very sensitive when selecting travel destinations that are seen to be friendly and welcoming. The knowledge of what constitute 'Muslim friendly destinations' will help Muslim tourists to select the destination that meet their needs. The attributes of Muslim-friendly destinations are discussed and could be a benchmark for other destinations that target Muslim tourists and/ or to market the destination as 'Muslim friendly destination'.
Given the potential of this sector, it's important for the hospitality industry to adapt to changing halal requirements to meet the needs of Muslim tourists. According to Crescent Rating, hotels and restaurants should offer halal food at the very least. A destination is then seen as increasingly attractive for Muslim travelers - as assessed in the GTMI ranking -
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based on the availability of prayer facilities, Muslim-friendly washrooms and Ramadan-related offerings. While many airports are now offering halal food and prayer rooms, some still lack wash or ablution facilities.
In addition to more traditional online travel agencies or OTAs such as booking.com or TripAdvisor, Muslim-friendly platforms are springing up. Take for instance Halalbooking.com, a London-based market place for halal tourist accommodation that is expecting to achieve revenues of at least one billion pounds by the end of 2021.
Peer-to-peer platforms are also emerging. Bookhalalhomes.com has become the world's leading portal for halal accommodation rentals. It differentiates itself from Airbnb by guaranteeing halal-certified services such as halal food and designated prayer rooms
CRITERIA FOR USE OF THE TERM "HALAL" LAWFUL FOOD
The term halal may be used for foods which are considered lawful. Under the Islamic Law, all sources of food are lawful except the following sources, including their products and derivatives which are considered unlawful:
Food of Animal Origin
(a) Pigs and boars.
(b) Dogs, snakes and monkeys.
(c) Carnivorous animals with claws and fangs such as lions, tigers, bears and other similar animals.
(d) Birds of prey with claws such as eagles, vultures, and other similar birds.
(e) Pests such as rats, centipedes, scorpions and other similar animals.
(f) Animals forbidden to be killed in Islam i.e., ants, bees and woodpecker birds.
(g) Animals which are considered repulsive generally like lice, flies, maggots and other similar animals.
(h) Animals that live both on land and in water such as frogs, crocodiles and other similar animals.
(i) Mules and domestic donkeys.
(j) All poisonous and hazardous aquatic animals.
(k) Any other animals not slaughtered according to Islamic Law.
(l) Blood.
Food of Plant Origin
Intoxicating and hazardous plants except where the toxin or hazard can be eliminated during processing.
Drink
(a) Alcoholic drinks.
(b) All forms of intoxicating and hazardous drinks.
Food Additives
All food additives derived from Items 3.1.1, 3.1.2 and 3.1.3.
SLAUGHTERING
All lawful land animals should be slaughtered in compliance with the rules laid down in the Codex Recommended Code of Hygienic Practice for Fresh Meat and the following requirements:
1 The person should be a Muslim who is mentally sound and knowledgeable of the Islamic slaughtering procedures.
2 The animal to be slaughtered should be lawful according to Islamic law.
3 The animal to be slaughtered should be alive or deemed to be alive at the time of slaughtering.
4 The phrase "Bismillah" (In the Name of Allah) should be invoked immediately before the slaughter of each animal.
5 The slaughtering device should be sharp and should not be lifted off the animal during the slaughter act.
6 The slaughter act should sever the trachea, esophagus and main arteries and veins of the neck region.
ADDITIONAL LABELLING REQUIREMENTS
1 When a claim is made that a food is halal, the word halal or equivalent terms should
appear on the label.
2 In accordance with the Codex General Guidelines on Claims, claims on halal should
not be used in ways which could give rise to doubt about the safety of similar food or claims
that halal foods are nutritionally superior to, or healthier than, other foods.
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