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CAMPILOBACTERIOSIS IN THE POPULATION OF THE EUROPEAN-NORTH ARCTIC ZONE
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Pozdeeva M.A. , Osmanova G.Sh. , Irkhina I.E. (Russian Federation) Email: Pozdeeva559@scientifictext.ru
1Pozdeeva Maria Anatolyevna - PhD in Medical Sciences, Assistant Professor, DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES; 2Osmanova Gyulmira Shamilevna - Student; 3Irkhina Irina Evgenievna - Student, MEDICAL FACULTY,
FEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL
EDUCATION NORTHERN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION, ARKHANGELSK
Abstract: the analysis of campylobacter infection during the period 2016-2018 in the Arkhangelsk region, which was conducted by the continuous sampling method on the basis of Communicable Diseases Centre of State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Arkhangelsk Region "Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital", is presented. Our study detected the exacted diagnosis of campilobacteriosis only in 19 people, of which: 14 (73,7%) cases of mono etiology, 5 (26,3%) cases of mixed etiology. According to clinical form: 7 (36,9%) - enterocolitis, 8 (42,1%) -gastroenterocolitis, 4 (21,1%) - generalized. The incidence of campilobacteriosis is more common in the male population (78,9% in men, 21,1% in women). Peak incidence is between 21 and 30. Keywords: campilobacteriosis, acute enteric infection, clinical progression, epidemiology.
КАМПИЛОБАКТЕРИОЗ СРЕДИ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ ЕВРОПЕЙСКОГО СЕВЕРА ПРЕАРКТИЧЕСКОЙ ЗОНЫ
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Поздеева М.А. , Османова Г.Ш. , Ирхина И.Е. (Российская Федерация)
'Поздеева Мария Анатольевна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент, кафедра инфекционных болезней; 2 Османова Гюльмира Шамилевна - студент; 3 Ирхина Ирина Евгеньевна - студент, лечебный факультет, Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования Северный государственный медицинский университет Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации, г. Архангельск
Аннотация: представлен анализ кампилобактерной инфекции за период 2016-2018 гг. на территории Архангельской области, который проведен методом сплошной выборки на базе центра инфекционных болезней ГБУЗ АО «Архангельская областная клиническая больница». В результате нашего исследования было зафиксировано всего 19 человек с уточненным диагнозом кампилобактериоза, из них: 14 (73,7%) случаев моно этиологии, 5 (26,3%) случаев смешанной этиологии. По клинической форме выявлено: 7 (36,9%) - энтероколитическая, 8 (42,1%) - гастроэнтероколитическая, 4 (21,1%) - генерализованная. Заболеваемость кампилобактериозом в большей степени распространена среди мужской половины населения (мужчин - 78,9%, женщин - 21,1%). Пик заболеваемости приходится на период 21-30 лет.
Ключевые слова: кампилобактериоз, острая кишечная инфекция, клиническое течение, эпидемиология.
The research of campilobacteriosis is currently relevant due to the prevalence of the disease, generally tending to increase. It may be related to the intensive circulation of infectious agents in humans, animals and in the environment, high morbidity rate and extensive socio-economic damage from this infection [3,6,10]. The disease is characterized by variability of clinical forms of the infection. In humans, they occur mainly as acute intestinal infectious diseases and characterized by pathology of the gastrointestinal tract with the tendency towards the generalization process with the advance of septicemia and lesions in various organs and systems [5]. For a long time the disease had been considered solely as a veterinary problem, but over the past two decades of the
20th century there has been accumulated enough evidence of the important role of campylobacter in the etiology of acute intestinal infectious diseases in both adults and children [1].
Nowadays, cases of campilobacteriosis are registered on all continents. In developed countries, campilobacteriosis firmly occupies one of the first places in etiologic structure of acute diarrhea and is detected more often than dysentery and salmonellosis. Moreover, the overall incidence of campilobacteriosis is tending to increase. According to the majority of researchers in Western Europe and North America, the incidence of campilobacteriosis in children is much higher than in adults [6, 10]. The incidence of campilobacteriosis in the inhabitants of the developed countries of Europe and North America, as one of the main causes of bacterial diarrhea, is 20-60 cases per 100 thousand population per year [8, 11].
In Russia, due to the difficulties of bacteriological diagnosis, verification of campilobacteriosis is low; so in St. Petersburg in 2008-2009 the frequency with which campilobacteriosis is registered was 2.03-2.32 per 100 thousand population, and in children under the age of 14 it reached 15.2617.56 per 100 thousand population; whereas in the USA, the incidence of campilobacteriosis in 1999-2004 was estimated at 12.3-23.5 per 100 thousand population, and in Western European countries this figure was 30-60 per 100 thousand population [2,4,7,9].
The incidence of campilobacteriosis in inhabitants of the Arkhangelsk region: 4.27 per 100 thousand population in 2014; 2.09 per 100 thousand population in 2015; 0.96 per 100 thousand population in 2016; 0.71 per 100 thousand population in 2017. The incidence of campilobacteriosis in children under the age of 14: 10.44 per 100 thousand population in 2014; 5.22 per 100 thousand population in 2015; 0 per 100 thousand population in 2016; 0.51 per 100 thousand population in 2017. Thus, there is a clear tendency in decrease in the incidence of campilobacteriosis in the inhabitants of the Arctic zone of the European North both in the general population and children.
Objective: analysis of the prevalence of campilobacteriosis, characteristics of campilobacteriosis by sex and age, etiologic structure and clinical course in the inhabitants of the Arctic zone of the European North.
Materials and methods:
A retrospective study of the incidence of campilobacteriosis in the Arkhangelsk region during the period 2016-2018 was conducted by the continuous sampling method on the basis of Communicable Diseases Centre of State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Arkhangelsk Region "Arkhangelsk Regional Clinical Hospital". To diagnose the etiology of the disease, a rapid test method was applied in order to determine the pathogen.
Results and discussion:
Our study during the period 2016-2018 detected the exacted diagnosis of campilobacteriosis only in 19 people, of which: 14 (73,7%) cases of monoetiology, 5 (26,3%) cases of mixed etiology.
Of the cases examined: 15 men (78.9%) and 4 women (21.1%). These figures indicate that the incidence of campilobacteriosis during the period 2016-2018 is more common in male population.
Besides, the distribution of the disease among males and females in different age categories was considered. The following results were obtained: the total number of the patients aged 11 to 20 years is 5.3%, which consists of male patients. The total number of the patients aged 21 to 30 years is 36.8%, of which female patients constitute 10.6% of this age group, while male patients constitute 26.5%. The total number of the patients aged 31 to 40 years is 15.8%, which consists of male patients. The total number of the patients aged 41 to 50 years is 10.5%, which consists of male patients. The total number of the patients aged 51 to 60 years is 26.3%, of which female
patients constitute 10.6% of this age group, while male patients constitute 15.9%. The total number of the patients aged 61 to 70 years is 5.3%, which consists of male patients.
With regard to the clinical forms of campilobacteriosis it was found that 7 (36.9%) patients have enterocolitic form, 8 (42.1%) patients have gastroenterocolitic form and 4 (21.1%) have generalized form.
Analyzing the clinical picture, we established the similarity of symptoms, regardless of the etiology: campylobacter or coinfection. The main symptoms which were identified in 99.9% of cases are the following: nausea, vomiting, asthenia, abdominal pain and diarrhea. Besides, in 99% of cases, a link was found with food eaten the day before. Conclusion:
Thus, the following conclusions can be made: campilobacteriosis is a common disease that occupies one of the leading places in the structure of infectious diseases in the world, including the Arkhangelsk region. The main cause of campilobacteriosis is bacteria of the genus Campylobacter. It should also be noted, that significant part is of mixed etiology. The incidence of campilobacteriosis is more common in the adult population. According to the sex distribution, male population tends to suffer from campilobacteriosis more often. In addition, during the study, the similarity of symptoms was established regardless of etiology. Consequently, the main diagnostic criterion is a rapid diagnostic test.
References / Список литературы
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