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4БУЮК ДАВЛАТ АРБОБЛАРИГА БАГИШЛАНГАН ХУЖЖАТЛИ ФИЛЬМЛАР ВА УЛАРНИНГ БУГУНГИ КУНДАГИ ДОЛЗАРБЛИГИ
Гавхар Назарова УзДСМИ
Аннотация: Мазкур маколада Узбекистонда суратга олинган давлат арбоблари хаёти ва умр йулини ёритувчи хужжатли фильмлар баён этилган. Бунда давлат бошкаруви, уша давр идожий мухити ва ижтимоий, сиёсий хамда маънавий хаёти хакида маълумот берувчи хужжатли фильмлар хусусида фикр ва мулохазалар юритилган. Давр ривожланиши, ушбу давр хужжатли фильмларнинг мавзу ва жанрлари тахлили хамда улар буйича таклиф ва хулосалар билдирилган.
Калит сузлар: Кинохроника, турли мавзуларга оид манзарали фильм, сухбат, монолог, тадкикот фильм, интервью, шархловчи ва биографик фильмлар.
DOCUMENTARY FILMS ON GREAT STATESMEN AND THEIR VALUE
TODAY
G.Nazarova
Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture
Abstract: This article describes documentaries about the life and work of political leaders shot in Uzbekistan. There were opinions and comments on documentaries about the state administration, the ideological environment of that time and the social, political and spiritual life. The development of the period, the analysis of the themes and genres of documentaries of this period, as well as suggestions and conclusions on them.
Keywords: newsreels, feature films on various topics, interviews, monologues, research films, interviews, commentaries and biographical
"The task of documentary film is to tell us about the world we live in.."} said, one of the brightest personalities in the world of documentary cinema - Hugh Bedley.
In fact, documentary film is beautiful because of its vitality, impressive and valuable because of its vitality. Documentary film is a unique direction in film art. This type of cinema was born at the same time as the cinematographer. Documentary cinema in Turkestan was also developing without lagging behind world cinematography. The
:Bedley H. Documentary film technique / Per. English Yu. L. Lion. — M.: Iskusstvo, 1972. - p. 240.
ГГлЦ^^Ш! 64 http://oac.dsmi-qf.uz
service of our great compatriot, the founder of Uzbek cinema, the first Uzbek cinematographer - Khudoibergan Devonov is incomparable. "In 1908, Khudoybergan Devonov established the first photo-film laboratory in Central Asia in Khiva. Since then, he has been regularly engaged in photography and film work. His first film titled "People's Nations" was also shot around these years. This film depicts scenes of the cultural and domestic-ethnographic life of the Uzbek, Turkmen, Karakalpak, Kazakh people who lived in the territories of Khorezm Khanate at the beginning of the century. When we get acquainted with this film, we get an idea of the appearance, clothes, carriages, wrestling, national games and performances of our predecessors, such as gatekeeping, cock and dog fighting, at the beginning of the last century....".2
The "hero" of Khudoybergan Devonov's "Hunter of the Khan" is also depicted sitting on a horse and holding two birds. This case indicates that Kh.Devonov did not aim to take pictures of his contemporaries in general, but to create their image as people belonging to a specific field."3.
Famous persons - public and state figures, who are known to the people and have earned a reputation for their socio-political and other activities. In the history of Uzbekistan, there are thousands and millions of names of such people. Along with the expansion of the country's borders, they also paid special attention to science, culture and art, creativity, and beautification. That's why they are valued, their names are still glorified, they are recognized as great historical figures, ancestors who built the foundations of the country.
It is known from the past that historical figures followed the principles of justice and fought for the benefit of the people and the realization of their hopes and dreams. One such breed is Amir Temur, the founder of the centralized state, the patron of science and culture, the great statesman of the Middle Ages, the great general, and the strong man, who turned Justice into a slogan. He ruled the country knowing the motto "Strength is in justice" as the main principle. Studying the history of Amir Temur and the period of the Timurid rulers is one of the important tasks facing orientalists, historians, and scientists.
But unfortunately, scientists have not seriously dealt with this period before. In many cases, when it is necessary to talk about this period in order to exclude the period, they limited themselves to a superficial and one-sided opinion. With the beginning of the efforts to restore spiritual values, an objective opinion and a correct idea about the personality of Amir Temur, the state he created, and the activities of the Timurid kings began to be formed. How many historical sources and articles have been published.
2Karimov N. Khudoybergan Devonov. Historical period in the mirror of photography and film. "World Literature" magazine, 2010, issue 9. https://ziyouz.uz/
3Karimov N. Khudoybergan Devonov // World literature. - Tashkent: Spirituality, 2010. Issue 9
The state museum of the history of the Timurids will rise, statues of Amir Temur, Mirzo Ulugbek, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur will be erected, and gardens will be opened. Also, a number of literary and artistic works were created, antiques were repaired, and steps were arranged. It is noted in the sources that the 660th anniversary of the birth of Amir Temur was celebrated on a world scale according to the decision of UNESCO. In the same year, international scientific conferences were held in Paris, Tashkent, Samarkand, Shakhrisabz and other cities, and these processes are still ongoing.
It is not wrong to say that the identity of the people was recognized and the national pride of the people grew during those processes. In addition, documentaries on various topics have been created with the character of Amir Temur.
Among them are the historical documentaries "The Great Master" (director: V.Belyakov), "Comments on the Great "Temur Tuzuklari" (director: V.Ishokov, 1996). In them, the events that were held in honor of the name of the great commander are expressed. The above films were the basis for the creation of the films "Amir Temur" (director: A. Fetissov, 2004), "The State Museum of the History of the Timurids" (director: T. Ahmadhojaev, 2005). By looking at all of them, one can get the necessary information about the personality of Amir Temur, the necessary information about the Middle Ages, especially the culture and art of the Timurid era. The film "Buyuk Sohibqiron" contains footage related to the large-scale celebration of the 660th anniversary of A. Temur's birth in the country. This year was declared the year of "Amir Temur", and the State Museum of the History of the Timurids, statues and gardens in honor of the founder were solemnly opened in the cities of Shahrisabz, Tashkent, Samarkand, and these cities were awarded the first order of Amir Temur.
Early morning. Nuranis, members of the Office of Muslims of Uzbekistan and state leaders open their hands in prayer, Amir Temur, reciting prayers and blessings in the name of all those who have passed away and remember Sakhibqiran on the blessed table.
Then there was the opening ceremony of the Museum of the History of the Temirites, the exhibits of the Middle Ages and the Timurid period collected there, the International Scientific Conference held in the Turkestan Palace in the capital, ceremonies held in the cities of Samarkand, Shahrisabz, Tashkent, the process of making the order of Amir Temur by skilled craftsmen, as well as "Amir Temur" clips from the feature film are shown one by one.
The film is also important because it has recorded such admirable deeds in history.
However, it is a matter of fact that these good deeds and processes were not carried out in one day or one month. Therefore, if the construction of the museum, the work of the sculptors, and the progress of the measures taken to perpetuate the name of the
great master were also shown, a more comprehensive documentary film would have been made.
It is known that in determining the quality of a product, it is important to see and know the process of its preparation. In the same way, if the process was shown, the film was considered more interesting and necessary for the audience.
In the film "The Great Master", the film-photo and sound documents are limited to the use of the materials of the central state archive.
It does not show special creative research, efforts to find new historical facts. Therefore, we did not find it necessary to make special comments about the skills of the cameraman and screenwriter.
The most painful point of Uzbek documentary cinema is that most creators are content with using ready-made, existing materials. Even the footage shown in another documentary is copied over and over again. Can I claim to be recognized as a new documentary filmmaker? Of course not!
When a person watches different movies and is exposed to the same information over and over again, the fact is that his passion for this type of cinema fades away. Therefore, it is necessary to create mature works of art by discovering unknown aspects of the chosen subject, justifying the name of the creator.
Also known as the film "The State Museum of the History of Timurids", the museum was built in honor of the warlord, it displays in detail the preserved books and manuscripts, original miniatures, coins, costumes, and all the historical objects related to that period.
Also, the activity of museologists, museum staff, their process of researching the historical object and putting it in the museum, the visits of the heads of various countries of the world, scientists to the museum are also given.
In the film, the cameraman used his creative vision in the general shot of the museum and in the shots introducing the exhibits. The viewer will be able to get to know the entire archive of the museum through his meticulously filmed videos.
The composition of this film can be positively evaluated and it can be said that the ratio of frame and text has been achieved. After all, the historical items representing Amir Temur's birth, growth, and great deeds come to life in the frame.
Tomshabin seems to have toured the whole museum through this film, and he is reluctant to visit it in person.
If we analyzed the films about the mature warlord Amir Temur above, now we will turn to the documentaries depicting the great poet, historian, geographer, statesman, talented warlord, founder of the Babur dynasty, Zahiriddin Muhammad Babur. Many films and portraits have been made about Prince Timurid.
In some of them, comments on the work "Boburnoma" were made and its personality was revealed, while in some of them historical monuments and museum
materials created in the country were used as objects. Director Aziz Qayumov has conducted extensive research on the Babur era and reflected the results of his scientific and creative research in his film.
This film called "Salute to Babur" avoids one-sidedness and provides information about the general's life and creative heritage not only by reading behind the scenes, but also by showing the conducted scientific expedition and archaeological research. In it, the excavations conducted in the valleys of Andijan and Fergana, where Babur lived, as well as the concluding opinions of scientists and archaeologists are given a place. They emphasized the historical details given in the sources and confirmed them with the help of various finds, rock paintings and inscriptions. Also, the opinion of literary experts, the work of Baburnama, and the places of the Indian state under Babur's rule are shown, and the words and pictures prove that his great deeds in other countries were the pride of India.
The high level of creative fantasy in the film can be positively assessed. The director and cameraman were able to find suitable shots for the text. For example, at the beginning of the film, when the text about the death of Omar Sheikh Mirza is being read, an image of rocks and earthen stones falling from the ground is shown.
Also, when Babur's words are quoted, his works, his character, and his situation in battles are expressed using his portrait miniatures drawn by artists. It is known that the character of the hero is revealed based on his thoughts about himself, what others say about him and the information written by the author. It can be said that the director has done this job as per the brochure. Especially the music that is known for each frame does not fail to attract attention. When the era of Babur is connected with the Uzbek land, the Uzbek classical tunes start to sound, and when the shots related to India begin to be shown, the Indian tunes begin to resonate. Of course, the music also serves to increase the effectiveness of the film by creating the ground for the viewer to focus on the information being presented. The viewer is proud to be a descendant of a great statesman who was able to spread such a name not only in his country, but also in India as a just and enlightened king through this historical film.
As mentioned above, many artists were interested in Babur's personality. In 2012, the film "Zahriddin Muhammed Babur" (scriptwriter - Sh.Botaev, director -T.Akhmadho'jaev, cinematographer - V.Allamyarov) was created based on the monuments erected in honor of Babur in Andijan region. The shots taken at the Bogi Wind Shrine and the Museum of "Babur and World Culture" served to reveal Babur's personality. The film shows the childhood, adolescence, and old age of Temurizoda based on the composition of the photos stored in the museum, animated by music and sound. Especially the miniatures, which give the character of the period, have been effectively used. In it, classical music also changes depending on the change of era. That is, while Babur's occupation with science and entertainment, a soft, pleasant
melody resonates, while intense, intense melodies are chosen when his appearance in battles is shown.
Valuable information about "Boburnoma", historical facts about Alisher Navoi, Husayn Boykara, Abdurahman Jami, Mirzo Ulug'beks, as well as the fact that Babur painted them like an artist, were also acknowledged. If we turn to the previous historical film-portraits of the director Temur Akhmadkhojaev, we can see that he turned to museum materials to embody the image of a historical person. It should be noted that this is the director's own direction. Indeed, they are representatives of a mature dynasty that has left a worthy mark in the history of Uzbekistan and the world. At the same time, the number of films devoted to them are artistic-ideological, and the form of development is complex, which is the main reason for the selection of these films. We think that scientific research of statesmen whose names have been written down in the history pages, and the examples of works attributed to them, is not only theoretical, but also practical. After all, mature works of art embodying the figures of historical figures in the creative research conducted today to strengthen the national identity are not only a spiritual mirror for the viewer, but also for the creator, and create a basis for the formation of creative and visual tools.
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