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THE FILM ARTIST OF UZBEKISTAN Kalanov A.D.
Kalanov Asliddin Dzhurayevich - Member of the creative association of the Academy ofArts of Uzbekistan, Professor, DEPARTMENT OF BOOK GRAPHICS AND MINIATURES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ARTS AND DESIGN KAMOLIDDIN BEHZOD, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the idea of the article about the penetration in the cinema of the present undp, its representation early signs of pregnancy. First we will talk about the production designer of Uzbek cinema and about those who worked in the subsequent period. Since 1959, the studio Uzbekfilm film, as the main artist, he participated in the creation of a number of films. A brief description of the work of E. Kalantarov, B. Nazarov, and the subsequent generation, the production designer who contributed to the development of cinema, is given. Keywords: cinema, production designer, camera, camera I am, director, sketch.
ХУДОЖНИКИ КИНО УЗБЕКИСТАНА Каланов А.Д.
Каланов Аслиддин Джураевич - член творческого объединения Академии художеств Узбекистана, профессор,
отделение книжной графики и миниатюр, Национальный институт искусств и дизайна им. Камолиддина Бехзода, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье рассказывается о появлении кино в Узбекистане и его первом представителе. О творчестве первого художника-постановщика и последующем поколении художников кино. С 1959 года на киностудии «Узбекфильм» в качестве главного художника начал свою творческую деятельность художник кино Э. Калантаров, участвовавший в создании ряда фильмов. В статье дается краткий обзор о творчестве Б. Назарова и последующего поколения художников-постановщиков, внёсших вклад в развитие кинематографии в Узбекистане.
Ключевые слова: кино, художник-постановщик, камера, оператор, режиссёр, эскиз.
UDC 75.071
For the first time, a film festival was held in Tashkent in 1897. The founder of Uzbek cinema Khudoibergan Devonov (1879-1940) was the first Uzbek photographer and cinematographer. Devonov's first teacher was the German director Wilhelm Penner, who taught him photography and cinematography lessons. Devonov was also a member of the delegation of the Khorezm people who left for St. Petersburg in 1908. The head of the delegation of the Khorezm Khanate left him in St. Petersburg for two months with qualified specialists in the capital of the Russian Empire in order to improve his skills by studying the subtle aspects of photography. After a certain period of time X.Devonov returned with him to take with him to his homeland various photographs, objects and tools belonging to the cinema. Including in "PATHE" No. 593 there was a branded cinema, later this camera independently reached the pace of the first Uzbek documentary. In 1910, documentaries about the visit of the Khiva Khan Asfandier to the cart, as well as "The image of architectural structures" (114 meters, 1913), "Views of Turkestan" (100 meters, 1916) reached us. Historical sights, towers, mosques, etc., shot by Devonova, were shown in many countries of the world. Thanks to this, foreign citizens got acquainted with the unique culture of Khorezm itself. It would not be an exaggeration to say that Khudoibergan Devonov laid the foundation of Uzbek cinema in 1908.1
In 1925 in Tashkent "The Star of the East" (later in 1936 on Uzbekfilm, 1941-45 The Tashkent film Studio was opened, since 1958 again called Uzbekfilm) cinema. In it, in 1937, the first feature film with the name of the voice "Qasamyod" (The oath) was created. When shooting feature films, the cooperation of the production designer with the director, cameraman is required. The role of the artist plays an incomparable role in the picture of the film. After all, it is impossible to imagine a film that will be created without the work of an artist. Varsham Yeremyan is considered the first post-artist of the studio "Star of the East". V.Yeremyan has been working creatively at the film studio for many years. For a number of films, he created magnificent background scenery based on the nature of the work. Of course, the postman artist will study the script of the film in detail, and then create sketches of small sizes, discussing them with the director and cameraman. After that, stage decorations are built on the basis of the sketch. The period of the Second World War, before and after that, at the "Tashkent Film Studio" the following: "Garden" (1939), "Dovyurak do'stlar"(Brave friends) (1941), "Nasruddin in Bukhara" (1943), "Tahir and Zuhra " (1945), "Alisher Navoi" (1948).) where Yeremyan acted as an artist in the creataion of films. The costume of the actors in these films, the environment - in the description of the period of Yeremyan's service are incomparable.
1 Меликузиев И. М. Юлдашев Э. С. / История и развитие узбекского искусства кино / Молодой ученый. 2016. № 19 (123).
Since 1958, the film studio has been called "Uzbekfilm". In those years, a group of young people from Uzbekistan graduated from the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in Moscow and began to immerse themselves in great creativity. Among them was a young artist-postman Emmanuel Kalantarov. E.Kalantarov was born in Samarkand in 1932 in the family of an artist. In 1960, on the screens of the country's cinemas, the cartoon of the young director Shukhrat Abbasov "Quiet conversation in the neighborhood" was released in the nomogram and achieved great success, until today the film has become a classic of Uzbekistan, without losing its value. By this film, E.Kalantarov established himself as a post-Soviet artist and based on his sketches created a work from the heart of the people. Working in harmony and harmony with the director.The director, the artist performed the solutions of the episodes of the plot in the film with a high professional degree. After that, E. Kalantarov was filmed at the Uzbek film studio "Sinchalak" (directed by L.Fayziev.1961), "You are not an alone" (dir. Sh.Abbasov.This is 1962), "Yar-Yar" (Directed by A. Khamraev. This is 1964), "Tashkent, the city of bread" (directed by Sh.Abbasov.1967), "His name is Spring" (Directed by A.Khamraev. 1969), "Temur Malik" (Directed by L.Fayziev. 1970), "Love Adventure" (Directed by Sh.Abbasov. 1971), "The Seventh Arrow" (Dir.A.Khamraev. This is 1972), "Abu Reyhan Beruni" (Directed by Sh.Abbasov. This is 1974), "Ali Baba and the Forty Robbers" (directed by L. Fayziev.He took part in more than twenty paintings (1979) as a postman artist. Emonuel Kalantarov decided to teach the younger generation the secrets of his profession, while simultaneously working as a postman in films as an artist. In 1981, on his initiative, the department "film and television artist" was opened at the Tashkent Institute of Theater and Fine Arts. Today, the world-famous film artist and director Timur Bekmambetov, who worked as a postman in a number of foreign films, Nemat Dzhurayev are the first swallows of this mansion. E.Kalantarov was awarded the title of People's Artist of Uzbekistan in 1979. E.Kalantarov died in Tashkent in 1984, his work continues successfully today in our republic and abroad.
Fig. 1. B. Nazarov. "Shum child" (Mischievous) was used to film modern.It's 1976.
Another representative who has made a great contribution to the development of Uzbek cinema is the artist Bakhtiyor Nazarov. B.Nazarov was born in 1942 in Namangan. Received his primary education in Tashkent in the College of of Benkov painting knowledge. Then he studied at the All-Union State Institute of Cinematography in Moscow in 1966-1972. B. Nazarov added his invaluable services in the development of a number of films created at the Uzbekfilm film studio. Especially successful was "Shumbola" (Mischievous)(dir. D. Salimov. 1977.) in the making of the film. Of course, in the glory of the film there is not only a reference to the script and director, but also the bund postman is the product of the work of the artist, cameraman, actors and the work of the entire creative team. B.Nazarov also called "The guy who is waiting for you" (dir.R.Botirov. 1972), "Caravan"(dir. U.Nazarov. 1973), "The Meaning of Life" (dir. D.Salimov. This is 1987), participated in such films as "Maruf and Sharif" (1993) as a postman artist. B. When watching Nazarov's films "Ishlangan sketches", it can be argued that the artist accurately, convincingly described the situation and time of that period. B. Nazarov, without ceasing to work in the cinema, creates works even in tireless painting. Sketches from nature on a permanent basis, the creation of human portraits in order to engage in creativity is very important for a film artist. For many years, the artist worked at the Kamoliddin Behzad National Institute of Fine Arts and Design and contributed to the training of dozens of film artists. Bakhtiyor Nazarov, an artist of Uzbekistan, Academician of the Academy of Arts of Uzbekistan, is also actively working in the field of fine arts today. In the 80s of the last century, a new generation of cinematographers came to the Uzbekfilm film studio. KakhramonNuriddinov had a great interest in cinema, as he studied in the painting direction of the Tashkent Institute of Theater Arts, when he graduated, this passion led him to BSU, and after six years of study, he returned to Uzbekistan with a diploma of specialization and began his career at a film studio. In his sketches, on which he worked on films, artistic solutions were clearly found, they show that the idea is finished and emotionally expressed. Emotional expression in the same sketches serves as an important advantage in the artist's work. K.Nuriddinov took part as a post-Soviet artist "Fields from my father" (director Sh. Abbosov), was awarded the nomination "Best visual solution of the film" at the Almaty Film Festival in 1999. The movie "The
Merchant" (directed by Yo.Toychiev) at the 2004 Russian Film Festival was awarded "for the best visual solution in creating the atmosphere of the era."
One of the representatives of the generation who came to cinema in the 90s of the last century, the talented artist Nemat Dzhurayev was born in the Dzharkurgan district of Surkhandarya region in 1962. He studied at the Alimov Art Institute, then continued his studies at the recently opened department of "Film and Television artist" of the Tashkent Institute of Theater and Art.Artist of Uzbekistan is together with Timur Bekmambetov in this group, which was founded by Kalontarov, they learned from the master the secrets of how to approach the visual solution of the composition of the artist of the film. Nemat Djuraev wanted to test his knowledge in cinema after receiving a diploma in cinema artist in 1987. The army, which sensed his talent, was invited by the directors of the Republic to his films as a post-Soviet artist. Thus N.Djuraev "Waiting for the Sea" (Waiting for the Sea) directed by B.Khudoinazarov (in collaboration with the creators of Belgium, Germany, Kazakhstan, Russia, Tajikistan, France. This is 2013), "Сын ворона" (Son of the Raven) (Rec. A.Your ass. Russia. 2014), "Who are you, Mr. Ga?" (Rec. Suat Akhmetov. Kazakhstan. 2009), "Zastava" (Outpost) (rec. L.Sviridova and B.K. Russia. It's 2007. in a number of foreign films, such as), he is a post-Soviet artist, and as a representative of the Uzbek school of film and television art, he is also a film director.
Fig. 2. The artist of the film talented Nemat Dzhurayev "Waiting for the sea" is in the process of filming
We touched on the creative activities of some Uzbek film artists. In the creative development of modern young artists, films made by teachers serve as a school for them.
References / Список литературы
1. Kalantarov Emonuel. Masters of Soviet art. Album. Ed.Soviet artist. M., 1987.
2. Меликузиев И.М., Юлдашев Э.С. / История и развитие узбекского искусства кино / Молодой ученый, 2016. № 19 (123).
