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0УДК 33 Hajyyeva O., Atanyyazov A., Rejepov R.
Hajyyeva O.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Atanyyazov A.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Rejepov R.
Turkmen State Architecture and Construction Institute (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
BUSINESS COSTS: A MEASURE OF COST, COSTS AND THE PRODUCT'S INTRINSIC VALUE
Аннотация: article provides a brief overview of Business Costs: Cost, Cost, and Product Cost. It also talks about the amount of transfers from the utilization capacity to calculate the cost of production and analyze the structure of costs andfull recovery ofproduction funds.
Ключевые слова: economics, management, business economics, purchase, sale cost, expense, organization, efficiency, analysis.
Product production and distribution requires the consumption of natural resources, namely material, labor, and information resources. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the enterprise, it is necessary to determine these costs in terms of value. Costs are understood as the sum of expenses necessary for the enterprise to carry out its production and installation work. Accordingly, the costs incurred by the enterprise in the course of production are production costs, and distribution, supply, trade-intermediation costs are turnover costs.
The size of the costs is the calculation of the value of the products (works, services) - the value of natural resources, raw materials, materials, fuel, energy, capital funds, labor, as well as other costs for their production and implementation in the process of producing products (works, services). lies on the basis of
The results, such as the profit of the enterprise and the size of the tax received from its profit, depend on the composition of costs added to the value of the product. An entity's results of operations may differ depending on the financial reporting system used.
In order to calculate the cost of production and analyze the structure of costs, all costs are grouped by elements according to their economic content (Figure 31). -material costs (minus the value of waste to be returned), - labor costs, - transfers for life needs, - utilization capacity from fixed assets, - other expenses.
Depending on the significant increase in the cost of energy carriers, the cost share for them increases, so this element of costs is always considered separately.
Grouping by elements of costs is based on the cost list for production - a basic document that shows all the costs of the enterprise necessary to produce a certain amount of product and to perform industrial activities and services for its own units and other customers. Cost accounting does not allow determining the cost of a specific unit of production and identifying where costs are incurred. Solving this problem can be done with the help of calculations.
Determining the manufacturing and handling costs of a unit of product is called costing. During calculation, all costs are grouped according to calculation items. On the basis of such grouping, depending on the purpose of these costs and the place where they occur, the cost elements for producing a unit of the product of the enterprise lie.
Material costs - Raw materials and materials purchased from abroad -Equipment parts - Depreciation of tools, equipment, accessories and other low-value items - Purchased stock and semi-finished products - Manufacturing activities and services performed by other enterprises - Natural raw materials ( transfers for continuous production of mineral-raw material base, payment for reclamation works,
payment for water) - Purchased energy of all types and expenses for its production -Losses caused by lack of resources within the scale of natural losses.
Salary - All salary payments - Value of products provided to employees in kind - Bonuses, fringe benefits (incentive payments) - Compensation payments related to working conditions and working conditions - Cost of free utilities, meals -Absence payments ( permits, business trips, etc.) - Payments conditioned by regional wage regulation - Wages of non-employees of the enterprise - Other payments
Subsistence Transfers - Mandatory transfers from the cost of labor included in the cost of production to state insurance institutions, the Pension Fund, the State Employment Fund and health insurance according to the criteria established by law.
Operating capacity of fixed assets - the amount of transfers from operating capacity to fully restore productive assets
Expenditures - Taxes, fees, charges, transfers to insurance funds, communication service charges, usage patterns on intangible assets and other costs related to the previously listed cost elements.
Depending on the nature and structure of production in any industry, the list of calculation items may vary. For example, in machine building, the item "assemblies" is indicated, in the jewelry industry, "purchased goods", "self-made semi-finished products" are indicated. Costs can be grouped according to the following criteria when grouped by calculation items in the cost structure.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Law of Turkmenistan "On State Support of Small and Medium Entrepreneurs". - Ashgabat, 2009;
2. Law of Turkmenistan "On Enterprises". - Ashgabat, 2000
