CC BY
725
ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
YDK 8
Performed: E.V.Belokoneva, D.A. Beshenets
Воронежская государственная медицинская академия им. Н.Н.Бурденко
кафедра иностранных языков
BORROWING OF ENGLISH WORDS IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Annotation
The goal is to identify the degree of influence of English into Russian, frequency of use of English borrowings in modern Russian language and the importance of English borrowings in Russian everyday speech.
Key words
borrowing, foreign words, causes of borrowing, anglicisms.
Borrowing of foreign words - is one of the ways of existence of modern language. The main reason for borrowing of foreign vocabulary is a lack of synonyms in Russian language.
Types of loans depend on the language, but in our paper we consider the problem of English borrowings.
Underlining the importance of English language in the life of Russian society, it should be noted that English has acquired the status of lingua franca-language of international communication for foreign speakers. The popularity of the English language connected with: the expansion of trade and economy; the supremacy of the United States in the world's politics; international tourism development; computer technologies; and the forthcoming of the global Internet system.
The subject of the work is to study Anglicisms in modern Russian language. Object of study is based on lexical units of English origin and their derivatives.
The purpose of the work is to identify the degree of influence of English into Russian language, frequency of use of English borrowing vocabulary in modern Russian. Research tasks:
1. To analyze the theoretical materials related to the topic.
2. To identify the causes of borrowing.
3. To classify borrowing by areas of communication.
4. To select the methods of forming Anglicism.
5. To identify the frequency of use of Anglicisms in everyday speech of students.
6. To compare the ratio of students and older people to Anglicisms.
Following methods and techniques were used according to research tasks:
• The descriptive method with observation techniques of linguistic phenomena.
• Admission taxonomy and classification.
• A survey questionnaire
The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the material and the results of this study English lessons.
The reasons for borrowing of English words in modern Russian:
1. enhancing information flows;
2. the importance of the World Wide Web system;
3. Expansion of the interstate and international relations;
4. development of the global market economy, information technology;
5. participation in competitions, international festivals, fashion shows;
6. expanding the horizons of knowledge of Russians people;
7. increased business, trade and cultural ties;
8. flowering of foreign tourism;
9. long-term work of our experts in the institutions of other countries;
10. existence foreign companies.
Various theoretical materials related to borrowings, and a dictionary of foreign words, articles of modern linguists were analyzed in our work.
Stages in the evolution of Anglicisms
1) «penetration" - the initial stage, the ratio of words only with the English reality: can be short (in the words with absolute synonyms, for example: the reconstruction - reconstruction); can be long (in the words of their content nesootnosimyh with Russian reality, for example: a policeman).
2) «borrowing" - a period when expanding the scope of use of the word in relation to the Russian reality, for example: bedlam.
3) «establishment" - a period of wide spread of the word when borrowing gradually acquires features inherent in the words of Russian language, for example: an athlete, club
Methods of forming Anglicisms :
1. Direct borrowing. The word is found in the Russian language in approximately the same manner and with the same meaning as in language - the original. It's words like a weekend - the weekend; Black - Ebony; mani - money.
2. Hybrids. These words are formed by joining the Russian suffix foreign roots, prefixes and endings. In this case, often several changes the value of a foreign word - source, for example: buzz (busy - restless, fidgety).
3. Tracing paper. Words of foreign origin that are used to keep their phonetic and graphic appearance, for example: menus, password, disk, virus, club, sarcophagus.
4. Polukalka. Words that in grammatical development subject to
Russian grammar rules (added suffixes). For Example:
drive - drive (drive) «Have not had such a drive" - in the sense of
"Fuse, power."
Using the vocabulary of English origin in the everyday students' life
We conducted a study in order to get to know the attitude of students and older people to the Anglicism. 200 students and 150 seniors were interviewed .The following results here received:
Thus, the students do not see anything wrong with Anglicisms, the older generation refers to this more negativly, and think that borrowings contaminate our speech.
Conclusion
After analyzing the theoretical materials related to the topic, it can be concluded that at present the English words have become an integral part of everyday speech in Russian society.
The main reasons for such integration are expanding interstate and international relations, increased information flows, expanding the horizons of knowledge of Russian people.
According to the appearance of a large number of loan words, there is a need to classify them:
1. Words that typically do not have synonyms in the Russian language.
2. Words that have synonyms in Russian.
3. Words used in English newspapers in, English letters.
There are many ways of forming of education Anglicisms. Among them are: direct borrowing, hybrids, tracing polukalka, ekzotizmy, foreign-language inclusions, composites, jargon.
Study of the frequency of use of anglicisms among students and senior citizens showed that students use Anglicisms in their speech (65%) more often than older people (13%).
©E.V.Belokoneva, D.A. Beshenets
УДК 81-13
Smakova Gulyaim Zhangalievna,
Almaty Technological University, Senior teacher, Department of State and foreign languages Koilybayeva Raushan Kuanyshovna, Almaty Technological University, Senior teacher, Department of State and foreign languages
THE METHODS OF WORKING WITH AUTHENTIC TEXTS
Annotation
The article considers the methods aimed at acquiring the main types of reading skills. Reading is one of the factors of improving quality of language acquisition by non-linguist students. The article describes each type of reading to develop perception, understanding and interpretation skills of authentic texts.
Key words
authentic texts, scanning, skimming, intensive reading.
Reading is one of the important ways of obtaining information in the modern world, despite of the age, education and upbringing of the person. But for the experts working in conditions of globalization and labor market internationalizations, ability to receive information from various sources, especially in foreign languages becomes necessary condition of the successful professional activity. So the ability to read and understand foreign literature is one of the main requirements of training students, shown in programs on teaching foreign languages of any highest professional educational institution . Because, exactly the art of reading is the main basis for formations of the informational and academic abilities of students.
"The course program of foreign languages for non-language specialities of higher education institutions ",developed on the basis of the standard training program of State standard of higher education of the Republic of Kazakhstan, specifies that the formation of the abilities and readiness to cross-cultural communication is considered as the main practical purpose of training students to foreign language in non-language higher education institutions. [1].
Special meaning at achievement of this purpose is given to the ability of working with the literature, to mastering all types of reading (scanning, skimming, intensive and extensive), as reading as a type of speech activity which is widely demanded for the solution of many professional tasks"
Much attention was always paid to the problems of the formation of skills of reading. The task of the teachers is to teach students to read the texts, to understand and comprehend their contents with the different level of
