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Toychiyev J.
Associate Professor of Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies Andijan, Uzbekistan Ibragimova Z.
Master
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Abdurasulova M.
Master
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
BIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS OF TASHKENT 1
AND TASHKENT 2 BREEDS
Annotation. In this article, the number of eggs in the Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 nests was 596 eggs in the Tashkent 1 breed, and 673 eggs in the Tashkent breed. The weight of the eggs in the nest was equal to 359 mg and 377 mg, corresponding to the number of eggs in the nest, the survival of the eggs obtained from them was on average 98.4%, 98.2%, and the viability of worms -92.3%, 93.6 %. The disease percentage is very low, i.e. 1.8% in Tashkent 1 breed and 3.4% in Tashkent 2 breed.
Key words. Selective, reproductive, egg, egg-laying, revival, vivacity, cocoon, silkiness, silkworm.
Enter. In order to develop the sericulture industry, the decision "On measures to organize the activities of the Uzbek paksanoat association" defines the main measures for the reform of the sericulture of our country (2017). In this historic decision, special attention is paid to the gradual expansion of the main feed base of cocoons, that is, the areas of mulberry plantations, the creation of breeds and hybrids suitable for the climatic conditions of our country, and the increase of the volume and quality indicators of the cocoon raw materials. At the same time, in the development of innovative development in the field, as a continuation of the systematic work that increases the role of science, the new development strategy of Uzbekistan in 2022-2026 is successfully implemented, a new stage of scientific development, new science, scientific research, innovative achievements in education and can be one of the important factors in creating effective mechanisms in the development of scientific fields (2022) .
N.G.Bogoutdinov (1965); M.G.Silanteva (1975); I.M.Gumbatov (1983) determined that the quantity and quality of feed, the hygrothermal condition of worm feeding and the climatic conditions of the regions have a significant effect on the productivity and egg quantity of mulberry silkworms.
Sh.R. Umarov, U.N.Nasirillaev. (1996); in their published scientific articles showed that the environmental conditions (quality and quantity of food,
hygrothermal conditions) significantly affect the productivity and reproductive characteristics of the mulberry silkworm during the worm feeding period.
In the selection and breeding of agricultural animals, including the mulberry silkworm, the interrelationship of reproductive characteristics with variability, heredity parameters and their other quantitative characteristics is of particular importance.
J.Sh.Toychiev (2001) in his scientific work stated that by removing deaf and spotted cocoons from the fertile cocoons, the number and weight of eggs in the laying can be increased by 10.9% and 11.9%.
These scientific experiments were carried out in 2023-2024 in the Andijan Institute of Agricultural Agrotechnologies and in the Altinkol District of the Andijan Region.
Individually analyzed for reproductive characteristics, 80-100 clutches (families) with the highest reproductive performance were selected for breeding. From the selected families, 100 seed samples were counted to determine the survival rate.
In our dissertation work, the implementation of selection works of the Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds according to the leading selection characters, the research results are introduced into direct production, and the high technological potential of the new industrial hybrids is achieved. That's why we found it necessary to carry out a set of selection works for traits with leading economic value in the family kennel of Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds for 2 years.
It started with determining the reproductive characteristics of Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds and selecting the most fertile families for offspring. The obtained results are presented in Table 1.
Table 1
Reproductive indicators of Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds (2023).
№ Analyzed deposits, pcs The number of eggs in the barn, pcs Weight of eggs in a cage, mg Weight of one egg, mg
Tashkent 1
1 1x12 545 304 0,558
2 12x1 571 372 0,651
3 3x6 657 379 0,577
4 6x3 672 358 0,533
5 11x27 571 314 0,550
6 27x11 575 355 0,617
7 39x2 723 432 0,598
8 2x39 454 275 0,606
9 21x15 594 336 0,566
10 15x21 593 378 0,637
11 17x19 588 377 0,641
12 19x17 497 397 0,799
13 27x41 629 359 0,571
14 41x27 651 384 0,590
15 26x30 626 360 0,575
n=15 596±12,00 359±3,0 0,605±0,003
Tashkent 2
1 2x9 602 340 0,565
2 9x2 691 420 0,608
3 5x11 792 470 0,593
4 11x5 687 390 0,568
5 15x30 693 366 0,528
6 30x15 623 379 0,608
7 8x7 720 397 0,551
8 7x8 844 472 0,559
9 14x21 689 352 0,511
10 21x14 576 339 0,589
11 58x12 711 369 0,519
12 12x58 655 346 0,528
13 19x7 665 390 0,586
14 7x19 469 242 0,516
n=16 673±10,5 377±6,0 559±0,004
As can be seen from the figures in Table 1, the Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds have high fertility characteristics, as a result of selection work on reproductive indicators, the number of eggs in the laying was 596 eggs in the Tashkent 1 breed, and 673 eggs in the Tashkent breed. . According to the weight of the eggs in the barn, this indicator was equal to 359 mg and 377 mg, respectively. But the weight of one egg decreased significantly. If we pay attention to the coefficient of variation of these two important reproductive traits, this indicator is 8.8%, 8.6% in the mean number of eggs in the clutch by breed and in the weight of the clutch - 9.2%, 7.7%. These indicators indicate that the variability of fertility signs in the breed population is not too low.
At the end of the annual reproductive characteristics analysis, the families of Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds with the same genealogy were united, groups were formed, and 100 eggs of each group were sampled to determine egg viability. Worm viability was calculated by determining the number of healthy worms that reached cocooning and pupation in each group.
Table-2
Egg viability and worm viability of Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds __(2024). __
Breeds Egg revival, % Liveability of worms, % Disease percentage,%
Tashkent 1 98,4±0,74 92,3±0,45 1,8±0,13
Tashkent 2 98,2±0,26 93,6±0,68 3,4±0,42
Analyzing the egg survival and worm viability indicators in Table 2, we can be sure that important results have been achieved for the silkworm. Breeds Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 showed the results according to these indicators -
egg survival averaged 98.4%, 98.2% and worm viability - 92.3%, 93.6%. The percentage of the disease was very low, i.e. 1.8% in Tashkent 1 breed and 3.4% in Tashkent 2 breed.
Cocoon productivity is one of the leading traits among traits with economic value. In our selection experiments, we have intensively selected for cocoon weight, cocoon weight and silkiness traits, among other traits. Table 3 shows the characteristics of cocoon productivity of Tashkent 1 and Tashkent 2 breeds.
Table-3
Cocoon productivity ^ of Tashkent 1 and ^ Tashkent 2 breeds (2024).
Years Cocoon weight, g Cocoon weight, mg Silkiness, %
Toshkent1 1,79±0,041 446±4,9 24,9±0,35
Toshkent 2 1,86±0,029 461±0,30 24,7±0,46
From the figures in Table 3, it can be seen that the indicators of these characters are at a much higher level. The average cocoon weight and the average weight of the cocoon shell were 1.79 g, 446 mg and 1.86 g and 461 mg in Asaka and Markhamat breeds, respectively, and silkiness was 24.9 % in Tashkent 1 breed and 24 in Tashkent 2 breed. was .7%.
In addition, cocoons bred for two years in family nurseries of two breeds were selected for cocoon shell graininess and cocoon compactness. The above results are mainly the result of this selection methodology.
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PQ-2856 "Measures for the organization of Uzbek industry" March 29, 2017.
2. Decree No. PF-60 of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated January 28, 2022 "On the development strategy of the new Uzbekistan for 20222026". Tashkent, 2022.
3. Bogoutdinov N.G. Razrabotka эkonomicheski эffektivnoy agrotexniki vtikormok tutovogo shelkopryada. //Trudbi SANIISh. - Vtip.3. - Tashkent, 1965. - S. 114-119.
4. Gumbatov I.M. 3ffektivnaya kratnost kormleniya gusenm tutovogo shelkopryada. //Shelk. -Tashkent, 1983. -№6. - S. 12-14.
5. Umarov Sh.R., Nasirillaev U.N. It is related to improving the quality of industrial silkworm eggs prepared in seed breeding enterprises. // Proceedings of the international conference on "The Great Silk Road". - Tashkent, 1996. p. 6768.
6. Umarov Sh.R., Nasirillaev U.N., Lejenko S.S. A new method of obtaining thin and long silk fiber. // "Scientific foundations of solving current problems in the field of silk production". - Tashkent, 2004. p. 205-208.
7. Silanteva M.G. Rezultatbi selekцii pored tutovogo shelkoptyada, ustoychivbix k povbishennoy temperature.: Avtoref. dis.... kand. s-x. nauk. -Tashkent, 1975. -S. 3-10.
S. Tuychiyev J.Sh. Razrabotka sposobov povbisheniya nasledstvennbix i produktivnbix svoystv prombishlennoy grenbi tutovogo shelkopгyada. Avtoгef. diss...kand. s.x. nauk. - Tashkent, 2001. 21-s.
