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66Benefits of specific goals setting for punching speed training in boxing
UDC 796.83
At
Corresponding author: kkirsan@mail.ru
Abstract
Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of the specific goals setting for punching speed training in boxing sport.
Methods and structure of the study. We used in the study Qualisys Movement Test System equipped with Oqus high-speed video cameras, with the test data processed by Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) video motion analysis software that effectively simplifies the 3D video motion analysis and generates, on a real-time basis, clear images and movement profiles of the analyzed objects. The tests were designed to profile the left-/ right-hand punching skills of the Russian national boxing team members. We set the following specific goals in trainings: (1) Top power; (2) Top speed; (3) Top speed and power; (4) Input legs and torso; (5) Input torso only; and (6) Arms only. Every punch was executed strictly on a signal from a standard standing fighting stance, without prior swings and settings.
Results and discussion. The punching speed to dynamics ratios for the punching sequences - from the start to the target contact point - were found specific goals dependent. Thus the highest punching speed was achieved in case of the 'top speed and power' goal. It should be noted that the 'top speed' case generated a lower absolute speed albeit in most cases faster in the total punching time. This means that the fastest punch is achieved in case of the 'top speed and power' goal rather than the 'top speed' one - i.e. when the individual explosive force is mobilized in full. Therefore, the top punching speed is largely associated with the top punching power developed for the shortest time.
Keywords: punching speed, boxing, punching power, target.
PhD, Associate Professor K.S. Kolodeznikov1 PhD, Professor M.G. Kolodeznikova1 PhD, Associate Professor P.I. Krivoshapkin1 A.E. Stepanov1
institute of Physical Culture and Sports of NEFU n.a. M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk
Background. Progress in boxing techniques will be based on good understanding of the movement biomechanics. Subject to traditional analyses of the punching biomechanics with coordination specifics are the following well-known three phases of a punch: (1) leg repulsion move; (2) rotation of the pelvis; and (3) arm straightening towards the target; with the boxer's body mass center moved up vertically during this combination [2, 3]; and with the body mass center movement time matching with the arm straightening phase time [1]. The traditional punching technique training method is designed to develop the following three punching styles: (1) ballistic; (2) non-ballistic; and (3) power punches. They differ in their technical and tactical biodynamics and are trained by multiple controlled-intensity tools and methods [4].
Goals in the training process will be set for specific performance improvement missions although actual progresses shall be rated by the relevant modern test systems otherwise they are never assessed fairly. With the latest scientific and technical progress, the sports science and practitioners have received modern training/ competitive progress testing and analyzing tools using innovative technologies.
Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of the specific goals setting for the punching speed training in boxing sport.
Methods and structure of the study. We used in the study Qualisys Movement Test System equipped with Oqus high-speed video cameras, with the test data processed by Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) video motion analysis software that effectively simpli-
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fies the 3D video motion analysis and generates, on a real-time basis, clear images and movement profiles of the analyzed objects. The tests were designed to profile the left-/ right-hand punching skills of the Russian national boxing team members. We set the following specific goals in trainings: (1) Top power; (2) Top speed; (3) Top speed and power; (4) Input legs and torso; (5) Input torso only; and (6) Arms only. Every punch was executed strictly on a signal from a standard standing fighting stance, without prior swings and settings.
Results and discussion. The punching speed to dynamics ratios for the punching sequences - from the start to the target contact point - were found specific goals dependant. Thus the highest punching speed was achieved in case of the 'top speed and power' goal. It should be noted that the 'top speed' case generated a lower absolute speed albeit in most cases faster in the total punching time. This means that the fastest punch is achieved in case of the 'top speed and power' goal rather than the 'top speed' one - i.e. when the individual explosive force is mobilized in full. Therefore, the top punching speed is largely associated with the top punching power developed for the shortest time.
It should be mentioned that for experiment standardizing purposes we required the punches being made from stationary identical standing positions, whilst in actual fight situations the individual punching techniques may be wider different. Actual punches may be made with jumps, dips etc., with their speed often dictated by the individual punching skills and synergized actions of the limbs in every punching sequence; i.e. actual techniques in elite boxing sport are rather individual.
Punch accuracy is known to depend on the movement speed and time: the higher is the speed, the more difficult is the movement control, the shorter is the punching move and more challenging for correction. Therefore, the punching efficiency largely depends on the high-speed movement control skills. The punching biomechanics was found virtually independent on the target position (head or torso) and dependent instead on the specific goal - 'top power' or 'top speed' - as required by the specific tactical missions in response to the fight situations.
The top power goal was found to generate the
maximal shock impulse, albeit the punching time was also maximal - i.e. gains in power are actually offset by losses in speed. In case of the 'top speed' goal, both the shock impulses and punching times were the lowest - that means that power limitation generally improves the punching speed. On the whole, the punching biomechanics are dictated by the punching speed or power control within a specific timeframe.
Conclusion. The punching power and speed profiling Qualisys Movement Test System was found to generate fairly objective data on the punch biomechanics and dynamics depending on specific goals; and, therefore, may be recommended for application in the punching technique excellence systems. As demonstrated by the study data and analyses, when the goal sets 'top punching power', such punches are never the fastest ones. The best speed is secured by the 'top power and speed' goal in trainings. Findings of the study and the test technology may be recommended for application for the boxers' technical and tactical skills excellence purposes. Absolute punching power in case of the 'hands only' goal was tested lower than in the other cases - apparently due to the fact the highest speed in this case is limited by the short distance, whilst the distance control is critical for success in boxing. Therefore, innovative testing and analytical technologies studied herein may be recommended for the technical-tactical skills excellence trainings in the movement coordination intensive sports disciplines.
References
1. Volkov A.N., Smirnov M.A. Stabilometry to study coordination structure of boxers' punching actions. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2011. No. 3. pp 87-91.
2. Malinovskiy B.V., Saar D. Collection of training materials for Olympic boxing trainers. Textbook. Tallinn: Sunprintinvest, 2008. 149 p.
3. Neupokoev S.N., Kapilevich L.V., Pavlov N.Z. Ways of Enhancement of Efficiency of Motor Actions in the Final Phase of Impact Motion in Qualified Boxers. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2013. No. 7. pp. 44-48.
4. Yakupov A.M., Stepanov M.Yu. Methodology of Formation of Strike Action in Boxing. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2014, no. 9, pp. 77-79.
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Theory and Practice of Physical Culture I teoriya.ru I February № 2 2021
