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57significant for the proper understanding of the message. On the other hand langue is impersonal that is to say more universal, due to society. Furthermore, discourse always happens in either physical, or linguistic context and within a meaningful fixed time, whereas langue does not refer to anything.
One other frequently occurring arrangement of texts is based on general-specific pattern which is thought to have two variations. In the first one a general statement is followed by a series of more specific sentences referring to the same broad idea, ultimately summarized by one more general remark. Alternatively, a general statement at the beginning of a paragraph might be followed by a specific statement after which several more sentences ensue, each of which is more precise than its predecessor, finally going back to the general idea. While in some elaborate texts the background and the problem might be presented in the same sentence, in other instances - when reader is expected to be familiar with the background, it might not be stated in the text itself. Although both cohesive devices and problem-solution patterns often occur in written communicative products only the former are designated as linguistic means.
References
1. Crystal D. (1992). Introducing linguistics. Harlow: Penguin.
2. Crystal D. (1995). The Cambridge encyclopedia of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP.
3. Dakowska M. (2001). Psycholingwistyczne podstawy dydaktyki j^zykow obcych.Warszawa: PWN.
AUTHORS OF THE TRANSLATION OF SHAKESPEARE WORKS AND THE TRANSLATION PROCESS INTO UZBEK LANGUAGE
Umarov B.N.
Umarov Bobir Norboyevich - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE 3,
THE UZBEKISTAN STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY, TASHKENT, UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: translation as a science studies the transcription, its peculiarities, history, principles, rules of interpreting which helps to translator to take into account inter-language differences and other features of the original language, as well as national literary traditions. Uzbek translators, as skilled translators, have started not only the translation process, but also the translation based studies of articles and brochures. Keywords: translation, Shakespeare works, Jamol Kamol.
Translators in Uzbekistan have been formed as special science since the second half of the last century. At the end of the century, there were about 10 candidates of science and more than 50 doctors of science. Professor J. Sharipov's research is mainly devoted to the role of translation in the history of our literature, professor G.Salomov was mainly involved in modern translation studies, influenced by language and literary tradition in the translation process. N. Komilov studied the past and present translations of classical genres [1, P.87]. The Uzbek translation works are mainly done in the literary field. The linguistic aspect of the translation began to evolve later on the way in which the Uzbek version of translation was translated directly into many foreign languages.
It is worthwhile to point out about Jamol Kamol in this regard. Because Jamol Kamol was a talented poet, playwright, literary critic, translator and master of pedagogy who contributed greatly to the translation work in Uzbek literature.
With regard to the experience of translation from Shakespeare's writings, the Hamlet tragedy is one of the most widely translated and translated to the world languages, for example, in the XVIII - XX centuries it was translated into Russian for twenty-one times and translated into the Uzbek language for three times. The first translation was made by Chulpan (1934), the second translated by M. Shaikhzoda (1948) and the third translated by Jamol Kamol (1991).
The translation into Uzbek by the Uzbek translators was translated into almost the same form by Chulpon "Ё хаёт, ё улим, масала шунда"; by M.Shaykhzoda "Тирик колмок ё улмок? Шудир масала!", by Jamol Kamol "Ё хаёт, ё мамот: масала шундок". Chulpon took from the copy of M.Lozinsky in Russian, and M. Shaykhzoda's translation is closer to
A. Kroneberg's text. Jamol Kamol's translation seems to have been translated from the original. The last three figures of the Hamlet monologue are as follows:
...Soft you now! The fair Ophelia! Nymphe, in thy orisons Be all my sing remeniber'd.
Jamol Kamol's version:
Бас, кифоя! Офелия! Эй, гузал пари, Бир осийман, дуоингда ёд айла мени.
Maqsud Shaykhzoda translated these verses into Uzbek as follows:
... Энди бас, етар!
Or we compare the the first chapters of the Othello monologue [2] in the translation of Gafur Gulam and Jamol Kamol. The following original version is available in encyclopedia:
Soft you, a word or two before you go.
I have done the state some service, and they know it. No more of thаt...
Gafur Gulam refers to the translation of the above-mentioned work from the Russian translation of M.Lozinsky:
Озгина тухтанг.
Кетар экан, икки огиз сузим бор холос.
Венецияга хизмат цилдим— уамма билади.
Бу тугрида шу кифоя.
Jamol Kamol, translated from English directly, strives to express the essence and spirit of the work:
Жиндек сабр цилинглар.
Икки огиз суз айтаман кетиш олдидан.
We do not want to discourage the translation of the East and West poetry and scholar Gafur Gulam here. The poet tried to bring his translation from M.Lozinsky's version in Russian. According to the translators, M.Lozinsky's translation is one of the closest pieces of the Russian translation of the work.
Jamol Kamol has his own translation way directly. Therefore, the meaning of the work in its translation is more clearly stated. Shakespeare's other novel is Romeo and Juliette, 1597. It was translated into Russian at different times by T.Chepkina-Kupernik and
B.Pasternak. Both translations have been published so far. The tragedy was translated into Uzbek by Maksud Shaykhzoda in 1949, and about 60 years later, Jamol Kamol translated, as well. Shaykhzoda's works were translated from the Russian version of B.Pasternak, and this version is used to translate the same work by Ja'far Jabbori's Azerbaijani translator to translate into Azerbaijan version.
"Selection" is the name of the work that is being created by Jamol Kamol. In our opinion, it has a common language with original version, when we consider the content of the book.
References
1. Salomov G. Basics of the translation theory. Tashkent, 1983.
2. Shakespeare W. Othello (Adapted version). London: Constable, 1995. P. 107.
