CC BY
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ASSESSMENT OF THE STRUCTURE AND FINANCIAL INDICATORS OF THE
RUSSIAN BANKING SYSTEM
M.G. Ayvazyan, student
Supervisor: A.B. Bass, candidate of economic sciences, associate professor Financial university under the Government of the Russian Federation (Russia, Moscow)
DOI: 10.24411/2411-0450-2019-10663
Abstract. The article discusses the structure of the modern banking system of Russia, shows the trend and reasons for the decline in the number of commercial banks, characterizes changes in the licensing of credit institutions. Since 2019, banks operate with a universal and basic licenses. Considered the assets of commercial banks, it is shown that increasing the concentration of assets of the largest banks with state participation, whose assets amounted to 60.4% at the beginning of 2019. A brief analysis of the financial performance of commercial banks
Keywords: commercial banks, universal and basic licenses, net assets, profits, profitability, revenues, expenses, formation of reserves.
In total, in 2018 licenses were revoked from 57 banks (in 2017 - from 47 banks) and three non-bank credit organizations. Another 17 banks left the market voluntarily, and half of them were absorbed by other credit organizations. So, on 1 of January of 2019, Binbank and Binbank Digital, which were joined to Otkritie FC, stopped working; in November, Sovcombank joined RosEvroBank and a smaller regional SKIB, Globex Bank became part of Sviaz-Bank, and the Rost bank being reorganized joined Trust, reorganized into the bank of non-core assets of Otkritie FC group.
All the transactions mentioned, with the exception of Sovcombank reorganization, are carried out by state-owned banks. They should be added to the acquisitions of the end of 2018 - the beginning of 2019, the second largest bank in the country: VTB became the
key shareholder of Vozrozhdenie Bank (34th in terms of assets at the beginning of 2019, 279.3 billion rubles), Zapsibcombank and Sarovbusinessbank (54 and 111th place in terms of assets, 132 billion and 45.5 billion rubles, respectively) [1].
There were no reviews of licenses comparable in scale to such losses in 2017 as Tatfondbank and Ugra Bank in 2018. At the same time, in 2018 the number of banks operating in Russia decreased from 517 to 440.
The past year was a transitional stage in the licensing of credit institutions. In 2018, all banks had to decide on a license - universal or basic. Of the 440 banks operating on 1 of January of 2019, 291 banks received a universal license, and only 149 - the base (Figure 1).
2017 6 monthes 2018 2018
440 482 517
17
7 11
57
28 47
The number of banks The number of liquidated operating in Russia banks
revoked licenses.
Figure 1. The number of liquidated banks and revoked licenses
Source: www.cbr.ru
In 2018, net assets of banks that publish reports on the Bank of Russia website increased by 10.7% (by 8.9 trillion rubles). As of 01/01/2019, the net asset value of banks reached 92.1 trillion. rubles.
As in the previous year, the concentration of the sector's assets in the largest banks continues to grow, including a large proportion of state-controlled giants [2]. The share of the
Source: www
Due to the operational work of the Fund for the Consolidation of the Banking Sector, from 12.2% to 10.6% in the total volume, the share of assets of credit institutions in respect of which measures are taken to prevent bankruptcy has decreased. On the other hand, the growth of such assets in 2017 was ensured by the referral to reorganization of credit organizations of Otkritie Financial Corporation (rehabilitation was officially completed in December 2017), Promsvyazbank PJSC and Binbank PJSC.
The amount of assets, capital, loan portfolio and customer deposits at the end of 2018 in the banking system as a whole is significantly higher than in the previous 2017 (Figure 2). The total amount of capital of credit institutions in 2018 came in plus after a reduction of 1.2% in 2017. The sector's net profit was 70% higher than the profit of 2017
net assets of the five largest banks in 2018 increased from 55.8% to 60.4%, the share of the largest 50 banks - from 90.1% to 91.4%, and 200 banks - from 98.5% to 99.0% of the total assets of banks in Russia. At the same time, the number of banks continues to decline.
(1.345 trillion against 789.7 billion rubles in 2017). The loan portfolio without deducting currency revaluation rose by 15%, in particular due to the high dynamics of loans issued to individuals, including unsecured. Total assets for the year increased by 10.7%, client funds - by 11.1%.
The net profit of credit institutions at the end of 2018 amounted to 1.34 billion rubles, which is 70% higher than the result of 2017 (the sum of the total net profit of the banking sector amounted to 789.7 billion rubles).
In 2018, profitable organizations earned almost 1.92 trillion. rubles (in 2017 - 1.56 trillion, in 2016 - 1.29 trillion. rubles), and losses amounted to 574.6 billion rubles. Last year, 384 credit organizations were profitable (421 for 2017), and exactly one hundred credit institutions showed a negative financial result (140 for 2017). (Figure 3).
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2
15
10,7
Dynamics of Dyna
assets,%
Dynamics of loan Dynamics of
capita 1%2
portfolio,%
customer deposits,%
2018 2017
Figure 2. Dynamics of financial indicators of banks,%
. cbr.ru
4
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
1919,4
1561,6
1344,8
772
789,7 811,1
2018 2017
674,1
Profit
Losses
Net profit Net profit of CBR
Source: www.cbr.ru
Figure 3. Dynamics of financial results of banks, billion rubles
According to the results of 2018, the profitability of banking sector assets was expected to be higher than last year's level (1.5% versus 1.0%), return on equity was 13.8% (versus 8.3% for 2017).
Traditionally, the main impact on total income was provided by the net income from lending operations to legal entities, which grew over the year by 12.8%. At the same time, both expenses and incomes showed negative dynamics, but the former ones declined more significantly. At a faster rate, commission costs grew in percentage terms relative to revenues, but due to the significantly larger volume of the latter, the impact of net fee and commission income (+ 21.7% compared with 2017) on total profit was in second place.
The cost of creating reserves for possible losses decreased in 2018 slightly more significantly than the income from their recovery. Accordingly, the impact on net profit of total reserve costs has decreased. Deductions to reserves decreased by 3.4% (by 319.7 billion), and profits from the restoration of reserves - by 1.2% year-on-year (by 92.7 billion rubles). At the same time, 45% from 831 billion to 1.2 trillion. rubles - compared with last year's figures increased organizational and management costs) [3].
Thus, there are multidirectional processes in the banking system of Russia, but in general it can be concluded that the resources of the banking system are sufficient to more intensively credit the real sector of the economy.
References
1. Koltakova A.A. Analysis and institutional features of modern banking in Russia: institutions of the banking infrastructure [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: https://scienceforum.ru/2019/article/2018015606.
2. Zamuragina K.S. Criteria and indicators for assessing the development of the banking system at the macro level // Questions of economy and management. - 2016. - №5. - p. 104-107.
3. Macroeconomic analysis and regulation of the banking sector. study guide / team of authors; by ed. HE. Afanasieva, S.E. Oakwood. - Moscow: KNORUS, 2019. - P. 322.
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ОЦЕНКА СТРУКТУРЫ И ФИНАНСОВЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ БАНКОВСКОЙ
СИСТЕМЫ РОССИИ
М.Г. Айвазян, студент
Научный руководитель: А.Б. Басс, канд. экон. наук, доцент Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации (Россия, г. Москва)
Аннотация. В статье рассматривается структура современной банковской системы России, показана тенденция и причины снижения количества коммерческих банков, характеризуются изменения в лицензировании кредитных организаций. С 2019 года функционируют банки с универсальной и базовой лицензиями. Рассмотрены активы коммерческих банков, показано, что увеличивается концентрация активов крупнейших банков с государственным участием, активы которых составили на начало 2019 г. 60,4%. Проведен краткий анализ финансовых показателей коммерческих банков.
Ключевые слова: коммерческие банки, универсальная и базовая лицензии, чистые активы, прибыль, рентабельность, доходы, расходы, формирование резервов.
