CC BY
9
<5
conomic
sultant
regional economy / jel r5
Valentina S. Vasilyeva
Assessment of the degree of accounting for global sustainable development goals in the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region (the Russian Federation) until 2030
keywords
spatial policy; spatial methods; social policy; strategic goals'; socio-economic development; Rostov Region until 2030; sustainable development; economic policy
for citation
abstract
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution of 25 September 2015 "Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" identified global sustainable development goals.
In 2018, the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region until 2030 (Strategy-2030), also based on the principles of sustainable development, was approved, within which an independent set of 12 goals was proposed, grouped within the framework of economic, social and spatial policies. The author made an attempt to assess the degree to which the global goals of sustainable development are taken into account in the goal-setting system in Strategy-2030, as well as an attempt to identify the degree of such accounting as applied to the existing socio-economic and environmental situation in the Rostov Region.
General scientific methods of logical and comparative analysis were applied, as well as ranking the goals to identify the most relevant ones.
It was revealed that the least attention in Strategy-2030 was paid to the goals of sustainable development of the environment. At the same time, the achievement of spatial policy goals can encompass the achievement of the greatest number of global sustainable development goals in the Rostov Region.
Based on the results of the study, some recommendations have been made on the use of spatial methods (clusters, growth poles, special economic zones, territories of priority development) as the most effective type of tools, further discussion of which will allow providing more detailed recommendations and suggesting specific mechanisms for achieving strategic goals using spatial methods.
Vasilyeva, V. S. (2020). Assessment of the degree of accounting for global sustainable development goals in the Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region (the Russian Federation) until 2030. Economic consultant, 29 (1), 21-38. doi: 10.46224/ecoc.2020.1.3
introduction
The concept of sustainable development, formulated in the last decades of the twentieth century and actively developed now, has firmly established itself as the basic paradigm for the existence of a developed, responsible society, taking into account the well-being of living members of the society, the interests of future generations and the state of the environment. It unites the economic, social and environmental sphere as a triune complex of goal-setting, ensuring the prosperity of mankind without harming the planet.
The concept of sustainable development has been recognized not only in academia, but has also been incorporated into strategic planning documents at the national and regional levels. The Strategy for Socio-Economic Development of the Rostov Region until 2030 (hereinafter referred to as Strategy-2030), approved in 2018, was formed in line with this system of views: "The conceptual basis of the Strategy of the Rostov Region is the idea of sustainable development - a coordinated and balanced economic, social and spatial development, taking into account and observing the interests of the present and future generations of residents of the Rostov Region" [2].
The United Nations General Assembly Resolution "Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" [21] identified 17 areas, designated as sustainable development goals (SDGs), to which it was proposed to direct the combined efforts of governments of different countries. These goals are relevant not only for the global level, they are important at all levels of government. However, at each level, for each territory, in each period of time, their relevance and degree of problematicity somehow changes.
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the accounting for global SDGs in Strategy-2030 and to identify, on its basis, the areas that require developing of new or strengthening the implementation of existing strategic project initiatives to more fully take into account global sustainable development trends.
materials and methods
To carry out the analysis, general scientific methods were used, such as logical and comparative analysis, as well as ranking of SDGs by relevance for the Rostov Region to highlight the development priorities of the region.
As an empirical and factual basis for the study, the author used materials from the official website of the UN General Assembly in the Russian Federation, official data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation and its territorial units for the regions of the Southern Federal District and the Rostov Region, information and analytical material "Rostov Region - Movement towards Sustainable Development", and data from the official portal of the Government of the Rostov Region and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Rostov Region.
Figure 1 Global Sustainable Development Goals [21]
Global Sustainable Development Goals
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
y-s
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls >-<
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all >-<
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
7 "S
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss >-
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for
all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels >-<
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the Global Partnership for Sustainable Development
For comparison, the author used, on the one hand, the global SDGs presented in the Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on September 25, 2015 "Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" (Fig. 1).
On the other hand, Strategy-2030 presents a goal-setting system formed with the goals grouped into three types of policies (Fig. 2).
Figure 2 The goal-setting system of Strategy-2030 of the Rostov Region [2]
Translate:
The goal-setting system of Strategy-2030
1. Social policy
1.1. Progressive improvement in the quality of social services provided to the public
1.2. Growth of the competitiveness of the social sphere in the struggle for human capital
1.3. Providing the economy with quality labor resources
1.4. Formation of the territorial accessibility of social services
2. Economic policy
2.1. Provision of material well-being and self-realization of the people
2.2. Increasing competitiveness and consolidating the leadership positions of economic entities in industry markets
2.3. Providing an economic basis for the development of the social sphere
2.4. Balanced territorial economic development
3. Spatial policy
3.1. Creating conditions for comfortable living
3.2. Development of a globally effective supporting territorial framework and ecosystem conservation
3.3. Removing infrastructural constraints for social development
3.4. Removing infrastructural constraints for economic development
The paper analyzes the conformity of the SDGs and the goals of Strategy-2030, compiles a rating of goals based on it, and, depending on the current state of the socio-economic system of the Rostov Region, identifies the priority of the global SDGs for the current period.
results
To identify the degree of conformity of the goals stated in Strategy-2030 with the global SDGs, a table was drawn up according to the matrix principle, in which horizontally (in rows) the global UN SDGs are reflected, and vertically - the goals formed in the goal-setting system of Strategy-2030, grouped by type of policy (social, economic, spatial) (Table 1).
Table 1 Assessment of compliance of the goals of Strategy-2030 with global sustainable development goals (SDGs)*
Social policy Economic policy Spatial policy Total Place*
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Goal 1 x x x x x 0 x x x 0 0 x 9 3
Goal 2 x x 0 x x x x x x x x x 11 1
Goal 3 x x x x x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 8 8
Goal 4 x x x x x 0 x 0 x 0 x x 9 3
Goal 5 x x x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 7 10
Goal 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x x x 4 14
Goal 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 x x x x 5 13
Goal 8 x x x x x x x x x x 0 x 11 1
Goal 9 0 x x x 0 x x x 0 x x x 9 3
Goal 10 x x 0 x x 0 0 x x x x x 9 3
Goal 11 x x 0 x 0 0 x x x x x x 9 3
Goal 12 0 0 x 0 x x 0 0 x x 0 x 6 11
Goal 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0 0 2 15
Goal 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0 0 2 15
Goal 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x x 0 0 2 15
Goal 16 x x x x x 0 x 0 x 0 x 0 8 8
Goal 17 0 x x 0 0 x 0 0 0 x x x 6 11
Total points 9 11 9 9 9 5 10 6 15 12 11 11 - -
Place by SDG coverage 7 3 7 7 7 12 6 11 1 2 3 3 - -
* - place of SDGs by the degree of accounting in the goal-setting system of Strategy-2030
Each cell of the table contains possible assessments of the degree of compliance of the goals of Strategy-2030 with the global SDGs:
"x" - complies, has a significant, direct, explicit impact on the achievement of the SDG; "0" - does not comply or has a weak, indirect effect on the achievement of the SDG. Table 1 shows that the system of goals of Strategy-2030 is mainly aimed at: a) eliminating poverty; b) sustainable economic growth and employment. Environmental goals are included
* Compiled by the author
in spatial policy and described only in 2 of its points: 3.1. Creation of conditions for comfortable living, and 3.2. Development of a globally effective supporting territorial framework and ecosystem conservation, while at the current stage, the importance and actualization of social and environmental spheres in the development of society has become universally recognized [3, p. 143].
On the other hand, the implementation of the first goal of the spatial policy "Creating comfortable conditions for living" is impossible without solving environmental problems in all areas (production, housing, food, recreation, etc.), as well as solving a number of economic and social problems of society, starting from providing accessibility to the population of material resources, and ending with the general availability of social and environmental services. In this regard, this goal covers the maximum number of global SDG.
It is man who is called the main value of the new generation of concepts for the long-term development of socio-economic systems. "Increasing competitiveness and leadership of economic entities" is, in the author's opinion, more economic in nature, although it has a number of indirect but targeted positive effects in the social and environmental sphere. In this regard, the scope of this goal among the sustainable development goals is defined as limited.
Table 2 Movement towards sustainable development goals (SDGs) 1 and 2 [16, 17, p. 27-39]
SDG Indicator 2016 2017 2018
Goal 1 Real cash income of the population (in % of the previous year):
Russian Federation 95.5 99.8 101.1
Rostov Region 96.7 100.6 102.3
Share of the population with cash incomes below the
subsistence level (in % of the total population):
Russian Federation 13.2 12.9 12.6
Rostov Region 14.2 13.9 13.2
Goal 2 Production of agricultural products of the Rostov Region (millions of rubles; in farms of all categories; in actual prices) 252,777 254,431 255,129
Level of self-sufficiency of the Rostov Region with the main types of agricultural products (the ratio of the volume of production in % of consumption):
Grain 436.9 474.1
Meat and meat products 85.8 88.8
Milk and dairy products 97.2 98.7
Eggs 143.4 136.4
It should also be noted that spatial policy allows covering the largest number of global SDGs. The development of a territory allows raising resources for economic development, in turn, the attraction of labor contributes to the development of social services to the public. Thus, spatial methods can be especially effective within the framework of the "space-society-economy" system.
Next, it is necessary to analyze the main indicators of socio-economic development of the Rostov Region, characterizing the movement of the region in achieving global SDGs.
Each SDG can be characterized by a number of indicators.
As can be seen from Table 2, the movement towards goal 1 can be characterized by positive dynamics: outstripping growth of real cash incomes of the region's population in comparison with the national indicator; second place in terms of average per capita cash income among the regions of the Southern Federal District; a decrease in the proportion of the population whose incomes are below the subsistence level [17, p. 31].
The movement towards goal 2 can be called even more successful due to the resource base and positive dynamics of the region's agriculture. Being one of the three leaders in the national agricultural production, the region has a high level of self-sufficiency in main types of products, being one of the largest exporters of food products in Russia, and implementing innovative projects in agriculture [17, p. 43].
Table 3 Movement towards sustainable development goal 3 [17, p. 46]
2016 2017
RF SFD RR RF SFD RR
Incidence of tuberculosis in the Rostov Region per 100,000 people 53.3 39.9 48.3 40.5
Incidence of malaria in the Rostov Region per 100,000 0.1 0.02
people
Incidence of hepatitis B in the Rostov Region per 100,000 people 0.9 2.2 0.9 2.1
Number of patients diagnosed with HIV in the Rostov Region, first identified, per 100,000 people 59.2 36.8 58.4 49.6
Mortality (number of deaths per 100,000 people) in the Rostov Region from:
malignant neoplasms 201.6 200.8 182.1 197.9 196.3 175.8
diabetes mellitus 21.5 15.0 10.7 25.2 17.5 11.6
circulatory system diseases 616.4 647.1 639.8 587.6 634.3 620.0
respiratory diseases 48.0 36.6 39.8 42.2 32.0 33.3
Number of doctors in the Rostov Region per 10,000 people 46.4 42.0 37.4 47.5 43.2 37.5
Goal 3 (Table 3) also has positive characteristics: there is a decrease in mortality for a number of reasons, and for some of them the regional indicator is lower than the all-Russian one. Measures are being taken to improve the health care system [17, p. 54]. However, due to the specifics of the region - its agricultural orientation, the spatial distribution of the population over the territory in many small settlements with a population of up to 1,000 people, and also due to the poor development of the peripheral infrastructure network, access to many medical services is limited by the capabilities of local rural health posts, and visiting specialized regional medical institutions may be associated with problems of a technical, material or other nature.
The movement towards goal 4 (Table 4) can be characterized as positive: the conditions for the provision of educational services at all levels are improving: teachers are being retrained, educational institutions are being repaired, technical equipment of educational facilities is being updated, etc., education is provided in a wide range of qualifications [17, p. 61].
Table 4 Movement towards sustainable development goal 4 [17, p. 67, 57]
Indicator 2016 2017
Share of pre-school educational organizations in the Rostov Region, having (in % of the total):
all types of improvement 90.5 90.4
personal computers 92.0 95.2
personal computers available for use by children 23.6 2.7
personal computers with Internet access 83.3 87.9
Share of teachers of pre-school education organizations in the Rostov Region with higher education (in % of the total number) 46.1 47.9
Share of teachers of general education organizations in the Rostov Region with higher education (in % of the total number) 83.7 84.1
Share of teachers of vocational education organizations in the Rostov Region with a scientific title and academic degree (in % of the total number) 4.6 4.8
Share of academic teaching staff of higher education organizations in the Rostov Region with an academic degree (in % of the total number) 73.9 75.0
Based on the data of Rosstat (Table 5), goal 5 is not so easily achieved. Gender differences still remain in the Rostov Region - in terms of wages (according to a sample survey in October 2017, the ratio of women's wages to men's wages was 71.6%), in production, household and social work [17, p. 66]. This is due, inter alia, to the characteristics of the multinational composition and mentality of the population of the Rostov Region. Moreover, there are not many levers of direct state influence in this direction.
Positive dynamics are observed in the direction of goal 6, but half of the rural settlements do not have water supply. The network of water supply systems is being updated and expanded, including in terms of water treatment. For example, the volume of investments in the construction, reconstruction and modernization of facilities providing water intake and purification for the period from 2016 to 2018 doubled, and the volume of investments in organizations engaged in the collection and treatment of wastewater - almost tripled [17, p. 72].
There is also a movement towards goal 7: although the Rostov Region receives a certain amount of electricity, it produces 2 times more than it consumes. The electric intensity of the gross regional product (GRP) is reduced, which indicates a gradual rationalization of the processes of production and consumption of electricity. Alternative energy is developing: the share of renewable energy sources in the total amount of final energy consumption increased to 2.5% in 2017, and the region itself has favorable climatic conditions for the use of solar and wind energy (the implementation of projects for the production of components and the construction of wind farms has begun) [17, p. 78].
As part of goal 8, active work is underway to ensure employment (the unemployment rate in 2018 fell to 5.1%), but informal employment is noted (in 2018, 28.8%). Speaking of goal 5, the unemployment rate among women in the region is lower than among men, although the national situation is the opposite. The number of industrial accidents decreases [17, p. 86].
Table 5 Movement to sustainable development goal (SDGs)s 5-9 [16], [17, pp. 62-94]
SDG Indicator 2016 2017 2018
Goal 5 Share of women in the total number of victims of crimes related to violent acts in the Rostov Region, % 43.4 38.3 37.8
Share of female deputies of representative bodies of municipalities elected in municipal elections in the Rostov Region, % 42.9 45.2 45.2
Share of women - municipal servants in local governments of municipalities in the Rostov Region, % 78.4 79.0 79.1
Goal 6 Share of standard-wise treated wastewater in the Rostov Region, % 6.0 14.0 15.0
Water load: freshwater withdrawal in the Rostov Region as a percentage of available fresh water resources, % 25.95 25.88 15.38
Volume of investments in fixed assets used by economic entities of the Rostov Region for the protection of water bodies, million rubles Water intake and purification Wastewater collection and treatment 2,198.1 653.7 3,824.8 1,533.7 4,338.5 1,895.7
Goal 7 Electricity generated in the Rostov Region, billion kWh 36.3 37.1 42.3
Electricity received by the Rostov Region from other regions and the CIS countries, million kWh 442.5 451.2
Electricity consumed in the Rostov Region - total, million kWh 18,717.5 18,762.9
Electricity supplied from the Rostov Region to other regions and the CIS countries, million kWh 17,985.5 18,803.2
Share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption, % Russian Federation Rostov Region 0.21 2.0 0.21 2.5
Goal 8 Unemployment rate of men aged 15-72, % Russian Federation Rostov Region 5.7 5.2 5.4 5.5 4.9 5.1
Unemployment rate of women aged 15-72, % Russian Federation Rostov Region 5.3 6.4 5.1 5.8 4.7 5.2
Number of people injured in industrial accidents with loss of ability to work for 1 working day or more including deaths, people per 1,000 employed Russian Federation Rostov Region 1.3. 1.0 1.3 0.9
Employed in the informal sector, % of total employment Russian Federation Rostov Region 21.2 30.4 19.8 28.6 20.1 28.8
Index of physical volume of gross regional product per capita, % to the previous year Russian Federation Rostov Region 100.6 103.3 101.7 102.6
Goal 9 Density of railways at the end of the year, km of tracks per 10,000 km2 of territory
Russian Federation 50 51 51
Rostov Region 182 189 188
Density of public roads with hard surface at the end of the year, km of roads per 1,000 km2 of territory
Russian Federation 62 62 63
Rostov Region 262 263 264
Share of organizations implementing technological innovations in the total number of organizations surveyed, %
Russian Federation 7.3 7.5
Rostov Region 7.8 7.7
To achieve goal 9, the Rostov Region has a favorable geographical position and a system of sea and river ports, a road and rail network developed and further developing. As for production, there is an excess of the level of innovative activity in the region over the national indicator, the share of innovative products, works and services is growing [17, p. 96].
Table 6 Movement to sustainable development goals (SDGs) 10-12 [16], [17, pp. 97-116]
SDG Indicator 2016 2017 2018
Goal 10 The Gini coefficient
Russian Federation 0.412 0.409 0.411
Rostov Region 0.392 0.394 0.400
Coefficient of income differentiation, times
Russian Federation 15.6 15.2 15.5
Rostov Region 13.5 13.7 14.3
Distribution of consumer spending by 20 percent population groups in the Rostov Region, % of total
All households 100 100 100
Group 1 (lowest income) 7.5 7.7 8.2
Group 2 11.7 11.2 11.1
Group 3 16.3 15.4 14.6
Group 4 21.9 23.1 22.5
Group 5 (highest income) 42.6 42.6 43.6
Goal 11 Total area of residential premises, on average per inhabitant, sq.m
Russian Federation 24.15 24.71 25.31
Rostov Region 24.9 25.2 25.8
Share of emergency housing stock in total housing stock area, %
Russian Federation 0.6 0.7 0.7
Rostov Region 0.4 0.4 0.4
Capture of air polluting substances emanating from stationary sources, thousand tons
Russian Federation 49.2 50.7 46.7
Rostov Region 978 1165 58
Share of captured and neutralized air polluting substances in the total amount of waste polluting substances from stationary sources, %
Russian Federation 73.9 74.4 73.3
Rostov Region 85.3 85.7 50.5
Goal 12 Share of intermediate consumption in the gross output of goods and services of the Rostov Region, % 52.0 53.0
Share of material costs for the production and sale of goods (works, services) in the Rostov Region (in large and medium-sized organizations), % 65.0 65.5
Share of expenses on the purchase of raw stock, materials, purchased semi-finished products and components for the production and sale of products (goods, works, services) in the structure of material costs (in large and medium-sized organizations) in the Rostov Region, % 74.8 70.9
To achieve goal 10, it should be noted that there is a positive trend in consumer spending and relative stability of the Gini coefficient (Table 6). However, the coefficient of funds (the coefficient of income differentiation) increased and reached 14.3, although it does not increase the all-Russian indicator (15.5). Because the share of wages in GRP is at the level accepted as the norm (40.7% in 2017), it is proposed to stimulate a steady increase in GRP to obtain a multiplier effect on the entire economy [17, p. 101].
The movement towards goal 11 is characterized, on the one hand, by an increase in housing security, a decrease in the share of emergency housing stocks, a number of improvement programs being implemented, however, there are no unambiguously positive dynamics in terms of protecting the environment and eliminating the consequences of its pollution [17, p. 111].
Goal 12 can be characterized by a decrease in resource consumption by both enterprises and the population in connection with the increase in tariffs for housing and communal services, modernization of production facilities and awareness of responsibility for the consumption of natural resources [17, p. 116].
Table 7 Movement to sustainable development goal 13 [17, p. 119-121]
Indicator 2015 2016 2017
Average annual air temperature in the Rostov Region compared with the norm of 9 degrees, degrees Celsius 10.7 10.1 10.5
Average annual rainfall in the Rostov Region compared with the climatic norm of 500 mm, mm 443 594 502
Dynamics of the number of all registered hydrometeorological hazardous events with annual discreteness in the Rostov Region (number of hazardous events) 17 25 23
In the movement to goal 13 (Table 7), the presence of climate change processes is noted: an increase in the average annual air temperature (years 2015-2017 are marked by an excess of the norm by 1.1-1.9 °C), and with aridity, heat and windiness [17, p. 120].
Goal 14 (Table 8): the Rostov Region has a favorable geographical position in relation to water resources, it is provided with marine resources and ranks second in the country for the production of live freshwater fish [17, p. 125]. In the region, the reproduction of fish resources is stimulated and they are protected from the negative consequences of economic activity in the region and climate change.
Goal 15: forests have a great impact on the conservation of soil, fauna, protection from natural hazards; in accordance with this, the volume of restoration measures and the funds allocated are growing. The situation with land degradation is more complicated: currently negative processes are spreading, the implemented set of measures cannot cope with them, systematic monitoring is being carried out to find a solution to this problem, which is exacerbated by the widespread use of land in agricultural production. Biological diversity is actively protected in 82 special natural territories with an area of more than 233 thousand ha, and the costs of their maintenance from 2016 to 2018 increased by almost 1.5 times [17, pp. 133-137].
Given that more than half of Russia's national wealth as a whole is natural capital [5], environmental problems are of additional relevance.
Goal 16 was considered in two aspects: crimes and justice are characterized by a decrease in the overall crime rate and in the number of serious and especially serious crimes; the multiethnic composition of the region determines the importance of the state of interethnic relations, as sociological polls show, it is stable and controlled [17, p. 141].
Table 8 Movement to sustainable development goals (SDGs) 14-17 [16], [17, pp. 119-139]
SDG Indicator 2016 2017 2018
Goal 14 Catch of fish and extraction of other aquatic biological resources, tons
Russian Federation 4,811,976 4,951,685 5,109,775
Rostov Region 20,385 19,476 21,655
Goal 15 Total area of specially protected natural territories of federal, regional and local significance in the Rostov Region at the end of the reporting year, thousand ha 232.7 233.4 233.6
Cost of maintaining specially protected natural territories in the Rostov Region (at actual prices), million rubles 66.8 56.2 93.8
Current reforestation costs in the Rostov Region (at actual prices), million rubles 36.9 38.6 40.2
Measures to prevent the spread of pests in the Rostov Region, ha 1,728.1 898.6
Current costs of forest protection measures in the Rostov Region (at current prices), million rubles 14.4 2.3
Goal 16 Number of recorded crimes in the Rostov Region, crimes 57,691 59,113 55,460
Including especially serious crimes 11,130 11,701 10,895
Goal 17 Use of the Internet in organizations, % of the total number of organizations surveyed Russian Federation 88.7 88.9 91.1
Rostov Region 83.8 83.0 92.9
Internet use by the population (according to a sample population survey on the use of ICTs), % of the total population of the country/region of Russia Russian Federation 76.4 79.8 83.8
Rostov Region 80.8 83.0 85.8
Export to non-CIS countries (at actual prices), million US dollars
Russian Federation 247,687 309,688 394,674.9
Rostov Region 4,443.9 5,478.3 7,421.2
Export to the CIS countries (at actual prices), million US dollars Russian Federation Rostov Region 37,966 1,101.8 48,079 1,366.3 54,888.7 1,641.3
Rosstat assigns an important role in moving toward goal 17 to information technologies, access to which in the Rostov Region is growing [17, p. 145]. It is worth adding that a number of economists note the insufficient methodological elaboration of the issue of the digital component in public life and suggest expanding the analysis with indicators that describe its properties: "provision people with digital benefits, digital competencies, quality of working life and social sphere in the context of digitalization, electronic government services to the population and security of people's information activities" [12, p. 107]. One of the factors of digitalization of the population is public-private partnerships that can accelerate this process already in the short term [20, p. 21]. This approach can be supplemented by information on the foreign economic activity of enterprises in the region: in 2018, foreign trade turnover increased by 24% compared to 2017, the trade balance surplus increased more than 1.5 times (up to 6 billion 5 million US dollars), and the region ranked second in terms of export growth rates [6].
In Table 9, an attempt was made to assess the role of the goals stated in Strategy-2030 in achieving global SDG.
The more clearly their correspondence and influence, the closer the assessment will approach the maximum indicator, which is found in accordance with the state and dynamics of movement towards the goals and their relevance according to statistics for each sustainable development goal.
Table 9 Ranking the goals of Strategy-2030 by the degree of contribution to the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs)*
SDG max rank by SDG Social policy Economic policy Spatial policy Total points Place*
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
Goal 1 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 6.6 5
Goal 2 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.8 7.3 2
Goal 3 1.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 6.8 3.4
Goal 4 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 6.8 3.4
Goal 5 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.7 4.5 10
Goal 6 1.1 1 0.5 0.7 0.6 2.8 14
Goal 7 1.2 0.4 1 0.6 0.8 0.7 3.5 12
Goal 8 1 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.8 7.7 1
Goal 9 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 5.5 9
Goal 10 1.1 0.5 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.9 6.3 6
Goal 11 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.7 6 7
Goal 12 1 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.8 3.8 11
Goal 13 1.4 1 1 2 15
Goal 14 1 0.7 0.7 1.4 17
* Compiled by the author
Goal 15 1.3 1 0.8 1.8 16
Goal 16 1 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 5.6 8
Goal 17 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 3.3 13
Total points 17.7 6.3 7.4 6.7 6.2 6.4 3.1 5.8 4.6 11.4 8.2 7.4 8.2 - -
Place by SDG coverage 8 4 6 9 7 12 10 11 1 2 4 2 - -
* - place of SDG by the degree of contributing to its achievement via the goals of Strategy-2030
The average value of indicator 1 characterizes the gradual progress towards the goal (average relevance). The highest maximum indicator was identified for goal 13, related to the fight against climate change, due to the lack of positive dynamics in it, the lowest - for goal 17, aimed at developing partnerships for sustainable development, since, according to the author, its achievement is largely the result of achieving other sustainable development goals.
According to the results of Table 3, the key role of the individual is confirmed, since even now, as applied to the goals of sustainable development, priority is given to the goal of spatial policy 3.1 "Creating conditions for comfortable living", which in some way implies improvement of the economic condition, social sphere, and ecology of the region.
Also, the top five included: 1.2. "Growth of the competitiveness of the social sphere in the struggle for human capital"; 3.2. "Development of a globally effective supporting territorial framework and ecosystem conservation"; 3.3. "Removing infrastructural constraints for social development"; 3.4. "Removing infrastructural constraints for economic development".
discussion
The results obtained allow concluding that, given the current state of the Rostov Region and the stated goals of Strategy-2030, spatial policy may be a priority as the most comprehensive in promoting the achievement of the sustainable development goals. Spatial development is closely related to the economic and social spheres, is a springboard and the result of their development, although for a long time the spatial factor was far from always standing out as a separate group of criteria for assessing the degree of sustainable development of the region [13]. Nevertheless, since the mid-twentieth century, space has been seen as an important engine in the development of the socio-economic system (patterns of distribution of agricultural production by von Thunen, "growth poles" by Perroux, the model of "center-periphery" by Friedman, the theory of economic clusters by Porter, the concept of the location of production by Soviet scientists, etc.) [10, pp. 32-33], inalienable in the transition to an innovative socially-oriented type of economic development [4].
As a recommendation on the results of this study, one can highlight the proposal to strengthen attention to spatial development methods:
• stimulation of cluster development;
• expansion of the system of growth poles;
• improvement of the socio-economic systems of single-industry towns (further development of the system of zones of advanced development);
• support for special economic zones of various types.
In the Rostov Region, the Strategy for Cluster Development has already been adopted, active stimulation is underway, and it is planned to expand the network of growth poles [1, p. 67] as strongholds that distribute the positive effects of the center on the peripheral territories, systems of special economic zones of industrial and agricultural production types, and special economic zones based on single-industry towns. Attention to strategic project initiatives of a spatial nature will provide a wide range of positive effects. The creation and development of spatial entities will ultimately make it possible to evenly redistribute resources, including labor, to make social benefits more accessible and to increase the average standard of living of peripheral territories. The concentration of economic resources and industries can attract and make modern technologies more affordable due to the competition of the firms offering them, which will ensure modernizing production facilities, increasing labor productivity, and introducing lean manufacturing principles. The development of the infrastructure network will not only simplify social interaction in space, but will also open new markets for manufacturers, and export directions for highly competitive products. Increasing competition between manufacturers for resources and buyers both in a limited spatial entity's area and when entering regional, interregional, national and international markets will stimulate them to develop their facilities and products through the introduction of innovations. Given the green trends of world development, one of the key competitive advantages of a modern manufacturer may be environmentally friendly production. The spatial framework of the region that meets the requirements of time is able to ensure a balanced development of the socio-economic-ecological system in accordance with modern development trends [15]. Its importance is emphasized in assessing the competitiveness of a region along with economic factors [11]. Also, "identifying the spatial priorities of development of a strategy object is the creation of a socio-economic complex balanced according to the target benchmarks and types of economic activity, which should be based on reproduction processes that focus on growth points" [18, p. 11].
A methodological approach to coordinating the priorities of the spatial and scientific and technological development of the regions was proposed by Ural scientists (Fig. 3), who suggested at the macroregion level to coordinate, on the one hand, national priorities and on the other hand, regional projects [9].
Active research is being conducted on the relationship of spatial transformations with the sustainable development of the regional system to use the results in strategic planning in the following areas: research on territorial socio-economic asymmetry and promising development paths of regions; diagnostics of the conformity of the territorial and sectoral structure of regions; diagnostics of sustainability of a territory's spatial development based on the process approach [7].
In addition, it is worth noting the opinion that the use of the territorial approach in the formation of a regional strategy for socio-economic development implies a wider application
of logical structuring and various methods of formalizing regional development problems, which allows taking into account spatial regional features and dealing with problems and contradictions of regional development on this basis [8, p. 31]. At the junction of modern technologies and the spatial approach, geoinformation systems (GIS) were formed, the practical utility of which along with neogeography methods in planning and evaluating the results can hardly be overestimated, for example, when using GIS in models to ensure competitiveness, sustainability and safety of development [14, p. 24]. Also, a territorial method such as mapping was proposed when compiling a system of maps for strategic analysis and planning of the socio-economic development of the region, which is notable for its visibility [19, p. 101].
Figure 3 Methodological approach to coordination of the priorities of spatial and scientific and technological development of regions [9, p. 1026]
Priorities of spatial development Priorities of scientific and technological development
Priorities of development
Specialization (current and prospective) Problems of territorial development
conclusion
In conclusion, to summarize, the author notes that as a result of the analysis of accounting in the goal-setting system of the Strategy for Socio-economic Development of the Rostov Region until 2030, the global sustainable development goals identified by the UN in 2015, as well as the state of the Rostov Region by each of the goals according to the official statistics revealed that spatial policy objectives provide the greatest SDG coverage. In this regard, it is proposed to increase attention to strategic project initiatives using spatial methods as a way to achieve goals of both economic, social and environmental nature.
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1. Valentina S. Vasilyeva (Russia, Rostov region) - Postgraduate student, Department of Economics of the Region, Industries and Enterprises. Rostov State Economic University. E-mail: [email protected]
information about the author
Accepted: Mar 4, 2020 I Published: Apr 1, 2020 Available: https://statecounsellor.wordpress.com/012020-2/
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