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УДК 371.261
МНОГОКАНАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА И СТИМУЛЯЦИЯ ПРОАКТИВНЫХ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ НАВЫКОВ СТУДЕНТОВ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ КОЛЛЕДЖЕЙ
Ванг Жень-Гоу
директор департамента фильмов и мультимедийных проектов, отдел кино и телевизионного искусства
Шанхайский издательско-полиграфический колледж Шанхай 200093, Китай
Ванг Дан
директор бюро иностранных дел Шанхайский издательско-полиграфический колледж Шанхай 200093, Китай
Ли Сименг
секретарь бюро иностранных дел Шанхайский издательско-полиграфический колледж Шанхай 200093, Китай
Аннотация. в данной статье анализируется роль и значимость многоканальной оценки студентов колледжа в новый период и под влиянием новой ситуации. Также анализируются недостатки традиционной системы оценки обучения. Это указывает на преимущества для студентов колледжа в овладении компетенциями. Анализируются проблемы и трудности в реализации этих целей. В конце указываются методы и меры, которые необходимо принять для достижения целей.
Ключевые слова: проактивная практика, овладение компетенциями, когнитивное обучение.
ASSESSMENT OF MULTI-CHANNEL, PROMOTING THE CULTIVATION PROACTIVE PRACTICAL ABILITY OF VOCATIONAL COLLEGE STUDENTS
WANG Zhengyou
Director of the Department of Film and Television Arts Shanghai Publishing and Printing College Shanghai 200093, China
WANG Dan
Director of Foreign Affairs Office Shanghai Publishing and Printing College, Shanghai 200093, China
Liu Simeng
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Office Shanghai Publishing and Printing College Shanghai 200093, China
Abstract: This paper has analyzed the role and significance of Multi-Channel assessment of college students in new period and under the new situation. Further, it has also analyzed the disadvantages of traditional teaching assessment. It points out the feasibility and advantage of college students to participate in horizontal topic and occupation competition. Then it analyzes the problems and difficulties to realize this goal. In the end, it puts forward the methods and measures should be taken to achieve the goal.
Keywords: proactive practice; occupation competition; cognitive education.
1. Research background
With the rapid development of digital media technology, Art Design Specialty such as the multimedia design and production, television animation, internet animation, digital media arts have been set in the higher vocational colleges. Those professions that combined of art and technology have become a bright spot of professional construction in colleges and universities in twenty-first Century.
Since the Multimedia design and production major was set, there has been a long-term existence problems. The college curriculum system is based on the concentrated undergraduate; the occupation skill module of the teaching materials shows deficiency; teaching theory of the knowledge system is redundancy; the ability of using integrated curriculum knowledge is weak; practical ability and innovation ability are insufficient; and the curriculum assessment mode cannot meet the demands of the occupation of the industry.
In order to solve the above problems, we must update the teaching ideas, improve the pertinence and practicality of the teaching, and enhance the students' practical ability and innovation ability. In this context, since 2013 Shanghai Publishing and Printing College have carried out the teaching reform of the professional courses. After several years' exploration and practice, we completed the results of "Assessment of Multi-Channel, Promoting the Cultivation Proactive Practical Ability of Vocational College Students".
2. Research content
2.1. The limitations of traditional teaching
As to the higher vocational education, the most important standard of evaluating the profession construction is that it can develop the talents of high technology and applied for market demand.
How to cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems and the ability of innovation is one of the important topics of current education reform. After many years of exploration, the research group has concluded:
To reform the traditional assessment disadvantage, to introduce multi-channel assessment, and to promote the cultivation of practical ability of vocational college students, can make the students become the qualified talents for employment market.
The competition related to occupation and enterprise projects is one of the optimal scale and manner to test students' professional ability. In view of this situation, the research group has made a careful analysis of the course location and professional goals. And occupation competition is actively carried out, and teachers and students together participate in the horizontal topic project activities. The occupation skill required in these activities process cover professional core position, such as "Multimedia Works Maker", "Animation Producer", "Webpage Designer", These activities stimulate the students interest in professional practice, and cultivate the students' proactive practical ability.
The teaching process: thinking highly of theory and lessons, ignoring practice and activities
The traditional teaching habit is to teach theory before to teach practice. There is little difference in textbook style between higher vocational colleges and university. From chapter to paragraph, to teach theory first before example, which does not reflect the actual process of enterprise production, causing the teaching divorced from and practice.
The students: lack of the enthusiasm of construction of the knowledge structure
In the traditional curriculum teaching, students are used to operate the computer after the lesson. It may easily cause students feel bored in accepting the professional knowledge, not able to combine practical use with the acquired theory, not even to get the whole system of the knowledge.
The teachers: textbook centered
Teachers concentrate teaching materials into PPT, where indoctrination still plays a major role in lecture, with single means and boring content, which greatly reduces the students' interest in proactive learning and practice
The assessment mechanism: single-channel
Course assessment mainly adopted written examination, paying more attention to scores rather than operational ability. Classroom performance assessment cannot reflect the students' practical ability and comprehensive quality.
Obviously, the traditional teaching is entirely composed of teachers to lead and control, the students' cognitive main role is ignored, completely in a passive position. The learning enthusiasm of the students is suppressed; the cultivation of the learning ability and innovation spirit is limited.
2.2. The practice of teaching reform
To reform the examination method, let the students themselves to show their learning ability and achievement
In the assessment of the teaching course, we should pay attention to the assessment of student's proactive practical ability, innovation ability and autonomous learning ability in the whole learning process. These abilities show as follow:
a) The combination of the course assessment and the "competition events ".
In the teaching process, teachers add the occupation competition content. Occupation skills of contest reflect the latest technology of industry and have a certain exploratory and openness. Students want to obtain good results in the competition to prove themselves. Thus they will actively consult data, discuss with each other, and express their own ideas. This fully mobilizes the initiative and enthusiasm of the students to practice. Students won higher than the third prize at the provincial or the national level in occupation competition, and the associated courses with award were assessed as 'excellent'.
Successive race experience shows that, the participant students, although need spend a lot of time in learning and practice, their study performances do not fall. And the study enthusiasm and the proactive practical ability have been greatly improved.
b) The combination of teaching and innovation in the practice works.
In the course practice, if the studentsurse practicworks are with innovation and the technology approach to occupation level, the related course grade can be evaluated as 'excellence". That can foster students' ability of independent thinking and innovative spirit.
In recent years, in the multimedia CD-ROM, film and television, website, exhibition, virtual and animation, students have got fruitful excellent works, and some have used by enterprises.
c) Team work, team assessment Digital media works is the crystallization of teamwork. In the national and provincial occupation competition both have group awards. Students can propose the application of team course assessment. Team assessment contains digital media works scripting, raw material collection and processing, the combination of art and technology, the whole works style etc. In the preparation of the assessment, students can also grasp the requirements of teamwork.
To construct the teaching practice assessment model which is based on four major elements
According to the constructivism theory, knowledge is something that the learner in a certain context, with the help of others, using the necessary learning materials, obtained by the way of constructing meaning [1]. The teaching theory of constructivism emphasizes the importance of learning environment in the learning process, that the "scene", "cooperation", "conversation" and "meaning construction" is the four elements of learning environment. It is not hard to see, constructivism emphasizes students' initiative and participation, pays attention to the balance of "passive" and "active", has profound implications for training students' proactive practical ability.
Research group adapts to this education idea as the instruction, designing a situation of teachers' horizontal topic, lets the student team up. Each member in the team actively discussed from planning to the construction to the specific production of the script. Then the course assessment results from customer acceptance of each group. This changes one-way communication of knowledge, emphasis on competition and cooperation, improves their abilities of questioning, observation, coordination, and leadership.
To establish a people-oriented diversified practice teaching mode
It is necessary to establish a 'student-centered" teaching philosophy and curriculum which is personalized for students learning. 'Competition event" and 'horizontal topic' can be done by a group or individual. Adhere to the 'people-oriented, classification guidance', we pay attention to the differences in development space of students, and let them can choose to study with interests.
The priority is to prepare the core curriculum in accordance with the working process
Traditional textbooks did not reflect the work process, lacking the four elements of "scene", "cooperation", "conversation" and "meaning construction". During the process of preparing competition, the reference books are rarely used in classroom teaching. This also reflects the distance of teaching materials and the actual need.
The problems and experience of students reflecting after the competition caused many teachers' attention in the teaching research. On the basis of discussion and assessment, the teachers in the research group cooperate with industry experts, and write teaching materials and training guide books, such as 'Webpage Design and Website Architecture', 'Digital Media Design and Production', 'Webpage Design and Making', 'Computer Culture Foundation', etc. These teaching materials were written by the main line of constructing learning projects and completing the job tasks. They are close to the actual occupation need, extracting ability targets according to different working masterstroke, and assigning to the different situational teaching, mainly to develop students' ability to analyze problems, and to solve problems in the design and manufacture. The textbook breaks consistent single narrative way, employs the mode of task leading. Each mode's work situation consists of different simulation tasks and independent practice tasks, these simulated production tasks are typical practical cases. These teaching materials recommend a vast number of good cases such as transverse project cases, the industry production process, and the occupation production standard. They provide teaching guarantee to active practice for "occupation competition" and "horizontal topic". The "Webpage Design and Website Architecture" which is published by the China Railway Publishing House and the "Digital Media Design and Production" published by Chongqing University Press were named the national twelfth five-year planning materials.
Theses teaching materials have got the positive response and favorable comments from the higher vocational students. The experience and knowledge accumulated by race and its preparation activities provide new materials to the textbook compilation and revision; improve the proportion of new teaching knowledge. On this basis, the series of textbooks which close to practice are formed.
To establish the dynamic tracking evaluation system
In the reform of teaching, we propose the concept: "all participation of teaching management, all care about the growth of students" [2]. Under this theory, the activities of the students' teaching practice are recorded carefully; different levels of evaluation methods like the teaching, training, occupation competition, horizontal topic, innovative experiment and so on are established. This evaluation method avoids a final examination score performance; it is the dynamic tracking evaluation of learning process. This kind of assessment pays attention to the students' development, concerns about the growth of students, allows students to constantly improve the practice works. In the group cooperative work, students cannot blame each other when there is a problem. With the issue, they will actively consult books or network. This will not only improve the students' overall design ability, but also enhance the students' own responsibility and team cooperation spirit.
The evaluation group is composed of all the teachers, experts and part of students representatives, they will assess the raw data, the situation of group discussions from students, the playback of the project works, the use of
new technologies, and the ability of mutual collaboration. This assessment mechanism reflects the principle of fair, reasonable, encouraging innovation, and is popular among students. Moreover, it ensures that the mode of ways of assessment, promoting the training of proactive practical ability in Higher Vocational College students is put into practice.
3. Application and effect of the research results
After nearly five years of practice, the major of multimedia design and production has achieved good effect in talent training.
3.1. Having improved the quality of talent cultivation
Employment rate of graduate for four consecutive
years reached more than 99.6%. The employers appreciate the graduated students' work attitude, high efficiency, strong ability of adaptation, and good team spirit.
In 2013~2015, a total of 8 students were awarded the second grade title of "advanced multimedia works maker". In Shanghai Occupation Skill Contest of "high-level multimedia works maker", 2 gold groups and 1 personal prize were won, broking the monopoly of industry or enterprise in this field, causing great influence in Shanghai higher vocational schools.
In 2013, some students of Grade 11, majoring in multimedia design and production won awards of 1st level in the Shanghai Occupation Skill competition of "advanced multimedia works maker". Song Xueliang, Liang Guo-qiang, Xie Mengting won the gold medal in team. Yu Yuehai got the first prize of individual.
In 2014, some students of Grade 12, majoring in multimedia design and production won awards in the Shanghai Occupation Skill 1st level competition of "advanced multimedia works maker". Shi Yan ning, Sun Dantong, Yin Xuan won the gold medal in team. Shi Yanning won the first prize, Sun Dantong and Peng Qinqin won the second prize, Yu Zhiping and Jin Hairong won the third prize of individual.
In 2015, Yang Junwei, who was of grade 13 and majoring in multimedia design and production, won the national second prize in "the sixth national information technology level contest -FLASH animation design". Zheng Shuai, who was of grade 10 and from the same profession, won the national third prize, and his classmates Li Jinzhe, Gao Yun, Chen Xinsen, Gu Yongchao and Li Rongrong, won the honorable mention.
3.2. Having cultivated a good occupation morality, strengthen the ability of social integration
Zero work experience of college graduates is the biggest obstacle in employment. Data shows, in the 300 investigated college graduates, 160 students think that the biggest problems encountered in the job searching process is the lack of work experience. The proportion is the largest share, 53.3% [3].
Over the years, the research group has actively organized students to participate in various provincial, municipal, and national occupation competitions. Teachers actively deepen into enterprises to get horizontal subjects. In five years, our teachers have helped students to take more than 20 horizontal subjects. At the start of projects, a large amount of data needs to be collected; dur-
ing the period, interactive programming project has to be developed; in the last implementation phase, careful operation and manual report should be done. Therefore, with the features of little difficulty, many people and long hours work on the spot[4], this kind of horizontal topic emphasize much on practice, and not to pay too much attention to the theoretical level. So they are the most suitable for the students of Grade 2 or 3. The projects commissioned by enterprise, are often turned into a small problem after decomposition by teachers. These easily solved problems are suitable for group study and solving. Through the projects, students increase contact with enterprises, know more about the society and work. And with good preparation, they lay the foundation for future occupation career.
As a junior college student finding their work for society and enterprises use, he will have a great sense of achievement. This effect is better than that in classroom teaching. It will excite his more interest in learning, and enhance his spirit of dedication.
3.3. Having trained many outstanding teachers
Sharp tools make good works. Teachers should actively participate in horizontal topic and the teaching reform. That can train a team of instructor-engineer teachers which have advanced teaching idea, practical ability, high teaching level, and excellent quality.
Experiments show that, "many ways of assessment, promoting the cultivation of proactive practical ability of vocational college students", can cultivate the students' practical ability and innovation ability obviously. The preliminary results of "the construction of the training system of multimedia design and production of high-tech professional talent", won the teaching achievements reward in 2011 National Higher Vocational Printing and Wrapper Class Teaching Guidance Committee.
3.4. Having got fruitful teaching achievements
In the past five years, our college has completed 3 national quality curriculum construction, 16 provincial and municipal quality curriculum, 109 college quality curriculum, and 1 national teaching resource library. Quality curriculums are open online for all use. Who attained the main achievement won the "multimedia design and production of professional teaching team", the "2D animation script language design" as the Shanghai Municipal Quality Course in 2014, and the "Digital Media Foundation" by the Shanghai Municipal Quality Course in 2013. In the national core journals he published 28 papers; moreover, in the higher education of Shanghai electronic audio-video publishing house, Chongqing University Press, and the National Railway Publishing House, he published 8 teaching materials of the results of the reform ideas and the concept of teaching. As the national twelfth five-year planning materials, the amount of the two books "Webpage Design and Website Architecture", "Digital Media Design and Production", is very popular and widely used.
3.5. Having promoted the exchanges between colleges and universities
The person who made the achievements successively introduced the achievements through conferences, lec-
tures, experience exchange, and got the fully recognized and highly valued in higher vocational education inside and outside of the city. In June 2015, China VR Alliance Qualifier was held in Shanghai Tongji University. Under the guidance of the person who made the achievements, the student got the runner-up in works design. The person who made the achievements also obtained the runner-up in products group, and made exchanges at the meeting.
Our professional practice achievements of teaching system reform have played a very good model role in domestic higher vocational education. In recent years, Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication Career Technical College, Tianjin Vocational Institute, Tianjin Modern Vocational Technology College, Career Technical College in Anhui press, the Jiangxi News Publication of Career Technical College, Hubei Polytechnic Institute, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Shanghai Art and Design Academy, the creative industries sectors and enterprises have come to the school to study "digital communication science laboratory", which received a total of 200 teams. Shanghai TV station has given special report to our Modern Communication Practical Teaching Center.
4. Application prospect of the results
The appraisal committee agreed that: This is a strong targeted and systematic achievement. In the higher vocational education teaching reform, it has taken significant
steps, made great benefits in training talent. It also has made strong impetus to the development of higher occupation education, improved the quality of personnel training. It has values to promote universally. As an example for the higher occupation education in the whole country in the reform of the training mode and curriculum system, the results are in the domestic leading level of similar projects.
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2. Li Chunxing, He Maoxun "The total quality management implications to the management of the independent college teaching" J. Journal of Liuzhou Teachers College, vol.1, 2007.
3. Huang guang-qiu, Liu Tong "The research on the significance and implementation strategy of the undergraduates to participate in project" J. Journal of Xi'an University Of Architecture And Technology (SOCIAL SCIENCE EDITION),vol.02, 2006.
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