CC BY
12
УДК 338.45 DOI 10.17238/issn1998-5320.2019.38.176
JEL: R11
Т. Ш. Абдыров,
Международный университет Кыргызстана, Бишкек
Н. С. Досмаганбетов, Бишкекская финансово-экономическая академия,
Кыргызская Республика
ASSESSMENT OF CLUSTERING POTENTIAL OF REGIONAL ECONOMIES IN KAZAKHSTAN
Introduction. The article considers the problem of determining and assessing the potential of the clustering system in the development of the economies of the regions of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to assess the economic efficiency of the introduction of the clustering system to ensure the development of regional economies and justify the effectiveness of its use. Materials and Methods. The research is based on system, economic-statistical and computational-constructive methods, as well as theoretical methods of study, generalization and analysis. The basis of the work is the data of the Committee on statistics of the Ministry of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of the clustering of the economy.
Results. The results consist in the evaluation of economic efficiency indicators, which enabled to confirm the feasibility of implementing a clustering system of the economy of the regions in Kazakhstan.
Conclusions. The authors believe that the results of the study can be used in scientific activities when considering the problems of clustering in regional domestic economies. Keywords: clusters, clustering in regional economies, competiveness, potential of clustering, gross regional product; manufacturing industry; factor of localization.
Introduction. Currently, an important role in ensuring the development of the country's economy plays the formation and evaluation of advantages that increase competitiveness. The creation of cost-effective clusters and clustering systems is envisaged as one of the mechanisms for the implementation of new industrial and scientific-technical policies that determine the effectiveness of successful economic activities of individual countries and regions. Clusters work as a tool to increase the competitiveness of regional economies of any country, create conditions for the production process with high added value, contribute to the formation of mutually beneficial relations between enterprises, research, educational, financial organizations and institutions and authorities. To date, the increase in interest in the creation of start-up projects, business incubators, scientific and technical, innovation centers and technology parks is a new part of economic policy based on clustering of regions, as the emergence of such organizations is reflected in the provision of production and technological infrastructure necessary for enterprises to access production resources.
The novelty and advantages of the clustering system are explained by the fact that it attaches special importance to the territorial and social aspects of the development of regional economies, turning into a microeconomic component. In addition, this system provides the most effective tools to stimulate the development of regional economies, which are expressed in increasing the competitiveness of regional industries, increasing employment and increasing budget revenues.
However, this direction is poorly studied in the economic practice of the territory of Kazakhstan, for example, insufficient information to mobilize cluster-forming objects; the lack of a coherent system of meters, indicating their effective functioning; the requirement of proof of concepts on the impact of any internal and external factors that affect the success of the organizational and legal forms of cluster areas of industrial production in the regions. Effective functioning of the created cluster on the basis of multiplicative and synergetic effect will create a basis of increase of competitiveness of the country and its regions.
In this regard, there is a need to develop mechanisms for determining the economic potential of industrial production in the regions on the basis of the clustering system. The complexity and insufficient elaboration of the issues of forming a competitive economy of regions based on the cluster system, as well as the need for further deepening of the theory and practice of its priority development predetermined the
relevance of the research topic. The American economist and scientist Michael Porter made a significant contribution to the development of cluster theory. In his writings the problems of improving the organizational-economic mechanism of management of innovative development at the level of individual industries, regions and enterprises scientifically cluster arrangements and initiatives, identifies priority research areas related to the management of innovation processes and building innovation systems [1].
The works of the CIS countries are A. P. Gradov, R. A. Fathutdinova, A. P. Agarkov, V. Tarasenko, E. A. Stryabkova, O. A. Baulina, L. A. Karyakina, F. V. Shutilova, M. V. Vinokurova are devoted to competitiveness and cluster approach [2-10]. In the Republic of Kazakhstan the problem of improving the competitiveness of the national economy and development of the cluster approach is investigated in the works of several authors - A. A. Alimbaev, T. P. Pritvorova, A. A. Taubayev, O. Sabden, K. A. Sagadiyev's meeting, S. S. Espaeva, A. A. Kireeva and others [11-14]. As a rule, most of the authors agree that the methods and means of research to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of the clustering system of regional economies contributes to the competitiveness of the economy as a whole. However, studies that reflect the economic effect of the introduction of clustering, presented in the research literature is not complete, so require further study and improvement.
Research hypotheses:
• to solve the problems of clustering of regional economies, it is necessary to determine the initial anchor companies in the cluster and determine the criteria for allocating the cluster core;
• it is important for each cluster to identify the core and partners by the degree of distance from the cluster profile;
• as a problem statement, it is important to find out the negative consequences of narrow regional specialization of clustering development of any region.
Methods. The main research methods for assessing the clustering of regions of the domestic economy are system, economic and statistical, computational and constructive methods. The method of estimation of potential of clustering of the regional economy used in the calculations of the coefficient of localization of production in the region, the coefficient of per capita production in the region and the index of the region's specialization in a particular industry.
The coefficient of localization of production in the region is calculated as the ratio of the specific weight of production, established in the separate industry of the region in the total industrial production of the region and the share of production that is created in the private sector of industry in the total industrial production of the country.
The coefficient of per capita production of a region is determined by the ratio of the specific weights of the production sector in the region in the production of the corresponding sector of the country and of the region's population in the total population of the country. Coefficient of specialization of the region in this sector defined as the ratio of the specific weights of the production sector in the region in the production of the corresponding sector of the country and the gross regional product of the region gross domestic product of the country.
If the calculated values of these coefficients are greater than one, therefore, the industries in question act as branches of market specialization. When forming clusters and choosing the most priority ones, it is necessary to assess the dynamics of localization coefficients, since an increase in the value of indicators in the dynamics indicates possible future prospects for the growth of clusters, and a decrease indicates their possible unpromising [14].
Results. To assess the economic efficiency and potential of clustering of regional economies of Kazakhstan, as the object of study we use the type of economic activity "manufacturing industry" of Karaganda region, as this region is considered one of the leaders in the total contribution to the gross regional product (see table. 1) [15].
Thus, by calculating the coefficients of localization, per capita production and specialization of industries, we estimate the potential of clustering of the region of the domestic economy on the example of the Karaganda region.
As can be seen from table 2, the metallurgical industry accounts for the largest share in the structure of the manufacturing industry. Its share in the volume of manufacturing production in 2018 amounted to 77.0%. Mechanical engineering accounts for 7.0%, while food, beverage and chemical production; rubber and plastic products; coke and petroleum products account for 6.0% and 4.6%, respectively. All other types of manufacturing occupy 5.4%. Structural changes in the manufacturing industries of the region indicate an increase in the contribution to their production primarily of such economic activities: metallurgical industry; mechanical engineering; food and beverage production; production of chemical products; production of rubber and plastic products; production of coke and petroleum products.
Table 1
Structure of gross regional product of Karaganda region for 2014-2018
Economic activity 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Manufacturing industry 32,3 34,6 41,2 42,0 45,5
Agriculture, forestry and fisheries 4,0 3,8 3,4 3,2 3,6
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning 4,5 4,0 3,8 3,6 3,4
Water supply; Sewerage system, waste collection and distribution control 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,9 0,9
Construction 5,3 5,2 4,9 4,8 4,2
Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 14,2 13,2 12,0 12,0 12,1
Transport and warehousing 7,2 8,0 7,2 6,9 6,8
Accommodation and catering services 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,6
Information and communication 0,8 0,8 0,6 0,6 0,7
Financial and insurance activities 1,9 1,8 1,7 1,8 1,5
Real estate transactions 7,7 7,5 6,3 6,6 6,4
Professional, scientific and technical activities 1,7 1,5 1,3 1,4 1,4
Administrative and support services activities 1,1 1,1 0,9 0,9 1,0
Public administration and defence; compulsory social security 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,3 1,7
Education 3,0 2,9 2,6 2,8 2,4
Health and social services 2,0 2,0 1,9 1,9 1,9
Arts, entertainment and recreation 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,6 0,7
Provision of other services 1,8 1,7 1,5 1,2 1,0
Net taxes on products 6,6 6,6 6,1 6,1 6,1
Generalities. Compiled by the authors on the basis of Data of the Committee on statistics of the Ministry
of National economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan [15].
Table 2
Changes in the structure of the manufacturing industry of Karaganda region in 2014-2018
Manufacturing industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2018 г. к 2014 г., +/-п.п.
Metallurgical industry 70,0 71,5 73,0 76,0 77,0 +7,0
Food and beverage production 10,7 10,0 8,5 7,0 6,0 -4,7
Light industry 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,3 0,3 -0,2
Manufacture of wood and cork products, except furniture; manufacture of straw products and weaving materials 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,2 0,1 -0,3
Production of paper and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded materials 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,24 0,3 +0,1
Manufacture of chemical products; manufacture of rubber and plastic products; manufacture of coke and petroleum products 5,3 5,65 5,2 5,1 4,6 -0,7
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products 0,07 0,07 0,1 0,1 0,2 +0,13
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 3,9 2,7 2,0 2,0 2,7 -1,2
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 2,4 2,75 2,3 1,8 1,6 -0,8
Engineering 6,3 5,9 7,9 7,1 7,0 +0,7
Furniture production 0,2 0,2 0,1 0,1 0,1 -0,1
Manufacture of other finished goods 0,03 0,03 0,1 0,06 0,1 +0,07
Generalities. Compiled by the authors on the basis of Data of the Committee on statistics of the Ministry
of National economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan [16-20].
Table 3
Localization coefficients by type of economic activity "manufacturing industry" of Karaganda region for 2014-2018.
Manufacturing industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Metallurgical industry 2,1 1,9 1,7 1,7 1,7
Food and beverage production 0,5 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,3
Light industry 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,3 0,3
Manufacture of wood and cork products, except furniture; manufacture of straw products and weaving materials 1,1 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,5
Production of paper and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded materials 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,3 0,3
Manufacture of chemical products; manufacture of rubber and plastic products; manufacture of coke and petroleum products 0,3 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,1 0,2
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,4
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 0,9 1,0 0,8 0,7 0,7
Engineering 0,4 0,6 0,8 0,7 0,7
Furniture production 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0,2
Manufacture of other finished goods 0,3 0,2 0,4 0,4 0,4
Generalities. Compiled by the authors on the basis of Data of the Committee on statistics of the Ministry of Na-
tional economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan [16-20].
As can be seen from table 3, the coefficient of localization of production in this region for 2014-2018 takes a value greater than one only for the metallurgical industry. But, it should be noted that in the dynamics the value of the localization coefficient decreases for the production of the metallurgical industry. In 2014, the coefficient of localization of production takes a value greater than the unit for the production of wood and cork products, except furniture; production of products from straw and materials for weaving.
Table 4
Coefficients of per capita production by type of economic activity "manufacturing industry" of Karaganda region for 2014-2018.
Manufacturing industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Metallurgical industry 4,3 4,3 4,2 4,2 4,3
Food and beverage production 1,0 1,0 1,0 0,9 0,9
Light industry 0,8 0,9 0,75 0,7 0,75
Manufacture of wood and cork products, except furniture; manufacture of straw products and weaving materials 2,3 2,3 1,8 1,8 1,7
Production of paper and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded materials 0,5 0,5 0,8 0,8 0,7
Manufacture of chemical products; manufacture of rubber and plastic products; manufacture of coke and petroleum products 0,7 0,9 0,9 0,9 0,8
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,6
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 1,0 0,9 0,9 1,0 1,0
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 1,9 2,4 1,9 1,7 1,7
Engineering 1,2 1,3 2,0 1,8 1,7
Furniture production 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8 0,9
Manufacture of other finished goods 0,6 0,4 1,0 0,9 0,7
Generalities. Compiled by the authors on the basis of Data of the Committee on statistics of the Ministry of Na-
tional economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan [16-20].
As can be seen from table 4, the coefficient of per capita production of this region for 2014-2018 takes a value greater than one for the following types of manufacturing industry: metallurgical industry; production of wooden and cork products, except furniture; production of straw products and materials for weaving; production of finished metal products, except machinery and equipment; mechanical engineering.
Table 5
Coefficients of specialization by type of economic activity "manufacturing industry" of Karaganda region for 2014-2018.
Manufacturing industry 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Metallurgical industry 4,4 4,1 3,9 4,0 4,5
Food and beverage production 1,3 1,0 0,9 0,9 0,9
Light industry 0,8 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,7
Manufacture of wood and cork products, except furniture; manufacture of straw products and weaving materials 2,3 2,2 1,7 1,7 1,8
Production of paper and paper products; printing and reproduction of recorded materials 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0,75
Manufacture of chemical products; manufacture of rubber and plastic products; manufacture of coke and petroleum products 0,7 0,8 0,8 0,9 0,8
Manufacture of basic pharmaceutical products 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,3 0,6
Manufacture of other non-metallic mineral products 1,1 0,8 0,8 1,0 1,2
Manufacture of fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment 1,9 2,3 1,8 1,6 1,7
Engineering 1,0 1,2 1,9 1,7 1,8
Furniture production 0,9 0,8 0,9 0,7 0,9
Manufacture of other finished goods 0,6 0,4 0,9 0,8 0,8
Generalities. Compiled by the authors on the basis of data Of the Committee on statistics of the Ministry of
National economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan [16-20].
As can be seen from table 5, the calculation of the coefficients of specialization showed that Karaganda region is more specialized in the following types of manufacturing industry: metallurgical industry; production of wooden and cork products, except furniture; production of straw products and materials for weaving; production of finished metal products, except machinery and equipment; mechanical engineering.
Conclusions. In the manufacturing industry of Karaganda region, the highest potential for the formation and development of clusters has the production of metallurgical industry - all the coefficients in this production are more than one. Therefore, in this production it is expedient to implement clustering at the regional level.
Thus, in our opinion, as a result of assessing the potential of clustering of regional economies in Kazakhstan, the following goals are achieved:
• mechanisms of modernization and technological development of the economy of the region or industry are being developed;
• increases the competitiveness of the sector, industry, integrated project;
• mechanisms of cooperation of scientific and educational complex and interrelations of participants are formed;
• mutually beneficial cooperation is organized and the level of mistrust is reduced;
• the infrastructure of the region is being developed;
• budget revenues are increasing;
• income growth and employment growth are achieved.
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T. Sh. Abdyrov, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, International University of Kyrgyzstan, 255 Chui st., Bishkek, 720001, Kyrgyz Republic ORCID ID: http: orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-6433
e-mail: tolonbek@list.ru N. S. Dosmaganbetov, Master of Economics, Bishkek Academy of Finance and Economics, 55 Young guard Blvd., Bishkek, 720010, Kyrgyz Republic ORCID ID: http: orcid.org/0000-0001-7257-9531 e-mail: dosmnurlan@yandex.ru
ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛА КЛАСТЕРИЗАЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИК В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Проблема и цель. Рассматривается проблема определения и оценки потенциала системы кластеризации в развитии экономик регионов Казахстана. Цель статьи - оценка показателей экономической эффективности внедрения системы кластеризации для обеспечения развития региональных экономик и обоснование эффективности её использования.
Методология. Исследование основывается на системных, экономико-статистических и рас-четно-конструктивных методах, а также теоретических методах изучения, обобщения и анализа.
Основой работы являются данные Комитета по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан, научные труды отечественных и зарубежных ученых по проблемам кластеризации экономики.
Результаты заключаются в оценке показателей экономической эффективности, которые позволили подтвердить положение о целесообразности внедрения системы кластеризации экономики регионов Казахстана.
Выводы. Авторы полагают, что результаты исследования могут быть использованы в научной деятельности при рассмотрении проблем о кластеризации региональных отечественных экономик.
Ключевые слова: кластеры, кластеризация региональных экономик, конкурентоспособность, потенциал кластеризации, валовый региональный продукт, обрабатывающая промышленность, коэффициент локализации.
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Поступила в редакцию 24.06.2019 © Т. Ш. Абдыров, Н. С. Досмаганбетов, 2019
Авторы статьи:
Толонбек Шакирович Абдыров, доктор экономических наук, профессор, Международный университет Кыргызстана, 720001, Кыргызская Республика, Бишкек, пр. Чуй, 255, e-mail: tolonbek@list.ru Нурлан Серикович Досмаганбетов, магистр экономики, Бишкекская финансово-экономическая академия, 720010, Кыргызская Республика, Бишкек, бул. Молодой Гвардии, 55, e-mail: dosmnurlan@yandex.ru
Рецензенты:
М. К. Алиев, доктор экономических наук, академик МЭАЕ, профессор, зав. кафедрой учета и аудита, Казахский университет экономики, финансов и международной торговли, Нур-Султан, Республика Казахстан. А. Б. Майдырова, доктор экономических наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой экономики и предпринимательства, Евразийский национальный университет им. Л. Н. Гумилева, Нур-Султан, Республика Казахстан.
