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31ARCHITECTURAL ADAPTIVE SPACE Samoilov K.I.1, Maulenova G.D.2, Tsay K.V.3
'Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich - DSc in Architecture, Professor;
Maulenova Gulnara Dzhuparbekovna - Candidate of Architecture, Lector;
3Tsay Konstantin Villarionovich - Master of Arts, Phd Student, DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE, KAZAKH NATIONAL TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY NAMED AFTER K.I. SATPAYEV, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: this article is about creating of prefabricated IFC modules, which made for "ready to build" system. Through new technologies and special software it is possible to build up a single family house in just a few days. Solutions of this study give engineers a possibility to make fastest houses in a regions, where seismic activity is from 7 to '0 points by the macroseismic scale. In addition, the generated space makes it possible to adapt buildings to certain environmental conditions, such as: landscape, temperature, space, infrastructure. Thus, the development of the generated space solves many problems, both spatial and economic.
Keywords: dynamo, kinetic space, construction, technology, adaptive architecture, design.
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Introduction
The use of new technologies for the tasks is an actual method of solving them [1]. At this stage, we are assisted by such modern technological solutions as building information modeling and production foundation classes. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is an open specification data format that is not controlled by any company or group of companies. The file format was developed by building SMART (International Alliance for Interoperability, IAI) to facilitate collaboration in the construction industry. It is used as a format for a building information model (Building Information Modeling). iBIM - integrated Building Information Modeling Integrated Building Information Model.
Scope and objectives
The main scope of this study is to determine design possibilities for spaces that are ready for adaptation on the ground [2].
The main objective of the study is to find a solution in the relationship between space and man, which through the generation of solutions will come to one or another choice.
Research methods
The development of basic solutions for typical structural elements will solve the problem of using modules to form a familiar space with the possibility of changing the configurations of the building.
Built the virtual space with the visual programming using method through the grasshopper.
Expand the simulation results for different scales - individual solution, residential solution.
Study
To solve such a huge task as an adaptable space, it was necessary to develop modules and parts of structures that would be flexible in modifying the shape of the room. It was accepted that several typical elements such as a wall, a wall with a window, a wall with a door, a ceiling and a foundation will become the fundamental basic modules of the overall system. Moreover, this part of the building will contain ready-made finishing materials and elements of engineering networks [4].
The main structural material for creating the modules was lightweight steel structures.
Project Script can generate each plan, which can be built with blocks. It follow added instruction by architect. Script has 4 simple rules:
1. User give to program number of sections.
2. Choosing plan configuration.
3. Choosing configuration of inside walls.
4. Choosing windows & doors configuration Each block send information to ALLPLAN software, were plans will be turned to IFC modules [3].
Then it will converted to a drawings blocks. After that full project information transferred to a Fabric. Script can be seen on a Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Generator (fig. by author)
On the basis of the prepared elements of the system - IFC modules developed in the ALLPLAN program, cells 6 * 3 meters were formed with all the above elements. Thus, a test was performed on 3 cells as shown in Fig. 2. This is the optimal size for transporting parts in a container over long distances and also for installation on a construction site. Each module was numbered and calculated at an estimated cost, which showed true competitiveness with similar solutions.
Fig. 2 Cells generating (fig. by author)
But, not stopping there, a solution was developed for a larger scale. Generated building on 4 floors and 72 cells, which is equivalent to 24 apartments of 54 square meters. The study showed that the application of this kind of generation can be infinite, depending on the scale of the projected object, and can be stopped at any stage of construction [5]. Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. 4-s floors generating (fig. by author) 96
Conclusion
Currently, there are many similar systems, however, most of them are selected for a particular task and have many shortcomings. The developed system of modular design and construction makes it possible not only to assemble the building element by element, but also to increase or decrease it by pity or adapt to new conditions [6]. This is characteristic not only for the entire building, but also element-wise for each module, which makes it possible to build such objects by adapting the modules to any environmental conditions. Moreover, the spatial position of an object, or for example a small building area, to a lesser extent becomes a problem for the designer and builder.
References
1. Tsay K. // Core Built, 2016 // Vienna young scientists symposium. P. 50-51.
2. Muller P., Wonka P., Haegler S., Ulmer A., Van Gool L. // Procedural Modeling of Buildings, 2006. P. 614-623.
3. Merrell Paul, Schkufza Eric, Koltun Vladlen // Computer-Generated Residential Building Layouts, 2010. 6. 181. P. 1-12.
4. Schleicher S., Lienhard J., Poppinga S., Masselter T., Speck T. & Knippers J. // Adaptive Facade Shading Systems inspired by Natural Elastic Kinematics, 2011. International Adaptive Architecture Conference, Building Centre, London. P. 1-12.
5. Jayathissa P., Luzzatto M., Schmidli J., Hofer J., Nagy Z., Schlueter A. // Optimising building net energy demand with dynamic BIPV shading, 2017. Applied Energy, №202 P. 726-735.
6. Duarte J. // Malagueira Grammar - towards a tool for customizing Alvaro Siza's mass houses at Malagueira, 2002. // PhD thesis, MIT School of Architecture and Planning. P. 110-119.
INTERPRETATION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES IN
MODERN ARCHITECTURE Mutaliev A.D.1, Samoilov K.I.2
'Mutaliev Alisher Dil 'muratovich — Bachelor of Arts (Architecture);
2Samoilov Konstantin Ivanovich — Doctor of sciences (Architecture), Professor, ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT, SATBAYEV UNIVERSITY, ALMATY, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the concepts of sustainability and the principles of sustainable development in architecture are considered. The expanded content of the principles makes it possible to apply them in research and scientific-educational activities.
Keywords: sustainability, sustainable development, sustainable architecture, definition, principles of sustainable architecture.
UDC 72.0'
In the last decade, including in relation to architecture, the concept of "sustainability" is widely used. This term correlates with the Sustainable development Concept adopted by the UN as a strategic direction since the 1980s. In the report of the UN Commission on Environment and Development "Our Common Future", sustainable development is defined as the way in which "the needs of the current generation are met without restricting the ability of the next generation to satisfy its needs" [1, p. 59]. The famous architect N. Foster defines sustainable architecture as "a way to achieve maximum with minimal means" [2]. As the process shows, it is necessary to recognize that architects can influence the restoration of ecological balance and ensuring a high quality of life for people, creating an architectural environment that meets human needs and at the same time maintains or improves the state of nature. Such an architectural environment is sustainable.
Existing definitions of "sustainability", which are used by urbanists and designers, do not reveal the concept of sustainability in architecture. Sustainability is most often understood as an environmental balance and is associated primarily with technical characteristics. Such an understanding of sustainability is not applicable to the stylistic or artistic problems of architecture. We will try to give a generalized concept of "sustainability", considering it in an architectural and artistic context and using the method of intensions and extensions [3]. This simple and effective analytical method for explaining the meaning was first used by Albegov E.V., Butenko D.V. and Butenko L.N. in the monograph "Homeostatics: conceptual modeling of structured stable systems" for the synthesis of the concept of "system stability" [4].
