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23ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
ARAL SEA PROBLEMS AND FINANCIAL MECHANISMS
TO OVERCOME IT Zoyirov O.T.1, Abduholikova F.A.2
1Zoyirov Ohunjon Toyir Ogli - Student;
Abduholikova Farangiz Abduholik qizi - Student, FACULTY BANKING AND FINANCE, SAMARKAND INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SERVICE, SAMARKAND, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the artucle outlunes a number of posutuve udeas and proposals to prevent the pollutuon of the envuronment un the country, and most umportantly, to overcome the Aral Sea problem. Includung. There are many posutuve udeas for unvestung un and addressung thus ussue.
Keywords: Aral Sea, Environment, Environment, Investment, Climate Change, Central Asia.
From the first years of independence, the issue of environmental protection in Uzbekistan has been recognized as one of the priority and priority directions of the state policy. One of the issues that determines the economic and political growth of the country and its future is the ecology, the protection of the nature. President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev repeatedly said that as the initiator of the environmental sustainability and security of the region, the problems of ecological safety have already become a common problem of humanity from the national and regional circles, including at the sessions of the UN General Assembly, other prominent international and intergovernmental at the summits of the organizations, calls on the international community to clarify and propose concrete proposals for cooperation. RA implementation.Also, in 2017, the total cost of the system of automated monitoring of atmospheric air pollution will be $ 1.5 million. The project documentation has been developed for more
than $ 1 billion. The issue of attracting foreign investment and grant funds for the implementation of this project is under consideration by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations, Investments and Trade.
In particular, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance as Escaping Waterfowl, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora the Convention on the Protection of Migratory Species of Wild Animals and 5 multilateral international agreements and memorandums on certain species of wildlife within its framework, "the Framework Convention on Climate Change and its Kyoto Protocol, the Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer and its Montreal Protocol, the Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes, the Convention on the Right to Conscientious Object of International Transboundary Water , The Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements and Destruction of Hazardous Wastes, the Convention on Desertification and the Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage such as nvens [1].
At present, the country has a solid national legal framework that is fully compliant with international standards, with around 30 laws and over 100 legal documents aimed at the protection of the environment and natural resource use.
Over the past few years, several government programs have been adopted by the decisions of the President and the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In particular, by the decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.Karimov from April 19, 2013 № PP-1958 the special state program was approved.
In addition, the Resolution of the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated May 27, 2013 No. 142 "Environmental Action Program in the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2013-2017", by the Decree # 255 of August 29, 2015 "On the revival and socio-economic development of the Aral Sea region 2015-2018 Comprehensive Program for Years ". Within
the framework of implementation of the action strategy, the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from April 21, 2017 NP-2915 "On measures to ensure the organization of the State Committee for Ecology and Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan", April 21, 2017, On measures for radical improvement and development of the system of domestic waste management in 2017-2021"[2] - many other laws and decisions have been adopted. Today, the number of such measures is increasing in our country.
In our opinion, these programs include the implementation of a set of measures to achieve a guaranteed quality of the environment, the rational utilization of natural resources, the improvement of management of natural resources and the introduction of effective economic practices, the development of economic sectors taking into account environmental priorities, sustainable development, promotion of ecological science and education for sustainable development, broader environmental awareness It is also desirable to create conditions that will help to increase the ecological culture.
According to some sources, only about 21 national and 20 regional projects have been approved by the Global Environment Facility on development of international projects and attraction of foreign investments (grants). For example, in the recent years, "Integration of Biodiversity into Uzbekistan's Oil and Gas Sector on the Ustyurt Plateau", "Ensuring Stability of the National Protected Area System for Protected Areas", "Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings", "Sustainable Land Management Central Asian Countries Initiative", "Early reduction of ozone-depleting hydrochlorothorecarbon in the economically developing countries Among them - the job ".
Recently, in the Aral Sea region, which is famous for its vast biodiversity, the species of plants and wildlife is sharply declining, including 12 species of mammals, 26 species of birds and 11 species of plants. The new Aralkum desert, which is now over 5.5 million hectares, is spreading throughout the Aral Sea region. Each year about 100 million tonnes of dust and toxic salts
are raised to the atmosphere, and the sandstorms and strong winds are spreading to regions that are far from this region [3].
The most important task of today is to reduce the impact of the Aral Sea crisis on the environment and the lives of millions of people living there, especially through well-thought-out, targeted and relevant funding sources.
In our opinion, it is necessary to take appropriate measures in the following areas, which have major reserves:
Firstly - to strengthen ecological balance in the Aral Sea deposit today, to fight against desertification, to improve the water management system, to use them economically and rationally;
Secondly - to create conditions for the preservation and maintenance of gene pool and health of the population of the Aral Sea region, to develop a broad network of social infrastructure, medical and educational institutions;
Thirdly - the creation of social and economic mechanisms and incentives for improving the quality and life of the population, the development of basic infrastructure and communications. We do not have the right to be discouraged by the people living here, and we have to create all the opportunities for them to live decently, develop their business, and provide them with new jobs and income sources;
Fourth, the conservation and restoration of biodiversity of the animal and plant life, including the creation of small water reservoirs, the expansion of reserves for the preservation of the unique flora and fauna of the region, and the attraction of investments to them;
Fifth, involvement of local and foreign investments into the above-mentioned projects.
These key issues are highlighted in the Program of Action for the Eradication of the Aral Sea Impact and the Prevention of Ecosystem Disaster in the Aral Sea, which was proposed by Uzbekistan from the UN High Commission and distributed as an official document of the 68th Session of the UN General Assembly. This indicates that the world community is looking at the Aral Sea disaster as a global environmental catastrophe and
urgent attention to the challenge of addressing the threats to the ecological and social security of the region where millions of people live.
It also confirms that our UN and other development partners are supporting the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, established in 1993 by five UN and five Central Asian states. Over the past period, the Fund has implemented two internationally funded donor programs, covering more than $ 2 billion in aid to the Aral Sea basin.
In this regard, let me express gratitude to the institutions and partner countries that are helping solve the acute problems faced by the countries of the region and the Aral Sea region. Our active partners are the Asian Development Bank, the World Bank, the UN Agencies, the Islamic Development Bank, USAID, the European Union, as well as Japan, the Republic of Korea, China, Germany, France, Switzerland, Kuwait and others.
Particular attention is paid to improving living standards and quality of life of the population, development of housing, social and transport and communication infrastructure, construction of modern housing in rural areas, construction of general education and vocational colleges, medical stations, construction and reconstruction of roads and this requires funding. Currently, land reclamation programs are being implemented.
We are confident that the targeted, multifaceted and systematic cooperation of the UN, its structures, international financial and environmental organizations, which are concerned about the Aral Sea and its population, will be able to develop and implement practical programs and projects to address the most acute problems in the Aral Sea region It provides a.
In conclusion, it can be said that if any country is developing or developing, the ecological problem is not indifferent. To be honest, human life, our present day, our country's prosperity and future depends on nature and the environment. Protecting it is the highest responsibility of each of us.
References
1. [Electronic resource]. URL: www.uznature.uz - Ecological Information Service of Uzbekistan/ (date of acces: 26.12.2018).
2. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M. Mirziyoev "On Strategy of Action for Further Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan". The People's Word, February 8, 2017. 1-2 p.
3. [Electronic resource]. URL: www.stat.uz - Statistical Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan/ (date of acces: 26.12.2018).
