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Ukrainian Journal of Ecology
Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 2020, 10(2), 319-331, doi: 10.15421/2020_104
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Annotated key to weevils of the world. Part 4. Subfamilies Erirhininae, Dryophthorinaeand Cossoninae(Curculionidae)
A.A. Legalov1'2
1 Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Frunze Street, 11,
Novosibirsk 630091, Russia 2Tomsk State University, Lenina Prospekt 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected]
Received: 19.03.2020. Accepted26.04.2020
Taxonomic entities included in the present key are: new tribe Sipalomimini Legalov, trib. n. (type genus Sipalomimus Voss, 1958), subtribe Echinocnemina Legalov, subtrib. n. (type genus Echinocnemus Schoenherr, 1843) of the tribe Erirhinini, subtribes Crepidotina Legalov, subtrib. n. (type genus Crepidotus Schoenherr, 1838) and Laogenina Legalov, subtrib. n. (type genus Laogenia Pascoe, 1874) of the tribe Litosomini, Geochina Legalov, subtrib. n. (type genus Geochus Broun, 1882) of the tribe Phrynixini Kuschel, 1964, Alaocybites dubatolovi Legalov, sp. n. from Khabarovskii Krai are described. The systematic positions of Storeini Lacordaire, 1863, placem. n. and Dorytomini Bedel, 1886, placem. n. are changed. Changes of status for Sitophila Csiki, 1936, stat. n., Diocalandrina Zimmerman, 1993, stat. n., Stenoscelidina Wollaston, 1877, stat. n., Choerorhinina Folwaczny, 1973, stat. n. and Sphenocorynina Lacordaire, 1865, stat. n. are made. Statuses of Dorytomini Bedel, 1886, stat. res., Rhyncolina Gistel, 1856, stat. res., Onycholipini Wollaston, 1873, stat. res. and Himatinini Konishi, 1962, stat. res. are recovered. New synonyms, Aphyllurini Voss, 1955, syn. n. to Pseudomimina Voss, 1939 and Proecini Voss, 1956, syn. n. to Cossonini Schoenherr, 1825 are established. A keys to the tribes and subtribes of Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae and Cossoninae are provided. Systematic lists of tribes and subtribes of Entiminae are given.
Keywords: Insecta; Coleoptera; Curculionoidea; New taxa; New statuses; Check lists; Keys
Introduction
In the fourth part of world weevils, (for the first, second and third parts, see Legalov, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c), a key to the supertribes of the subfamilies Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae and Cossoninae, addenda to the subfamily Molytinae, descriptions of new taxa and lists of tribes and subtribes are given.
Materials and Methods
The Curculionoidea species used for this study are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum (Hungary: Budapest), Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (Belgium: Brussels), Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals (Russia: Novosibirsk), Museum für Tierkunde, Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden (Germany: Dresden), Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (France: Paris), Natural History Museum (United Kingdom: London), Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia: St. Petersburg), Zoological Museum of Moscow State University (Russia: Moscow), etc. Type of Aphyllura brenskei Reitter, 1884 (Figure 37) was photographed of by Tamas Nemeth (Hungarian Natural History Museum) and specimen of Onychoiips bifurcatus Wollaston, 1861 (Figures. 28-29) was photographed of by Dmitry Telnov (Natural History Museum, London). Those groups marked with + are extinct taxa. General publications are given after each subfamily.
Results and Discussion
Subfamily Erirhininae Schoenherr, 1825
Lacordaire, 1863, 1865; Bedel, 1886; Champion, 1906-1909; Reitter, 1913; Sharp, 1916, 1917a, 1917b; Hubenthal, 1917; Hustache, 1925; Zumpt, 1929; Klima, 1934; Kuschel, 1951, 1990, 1995; Voss, 1952; Morimoto, 1962; van den Berg, 1968; O'Brien, 1970; Korotyaev, 1976; Osella, 1977; O'Brien, Wibmer, 1982; Dieckmann, 1983; Wibmer, O'Brien, 1986; Zherikhin, Egorov, 1991; O'Brien, Askevold, 1992, 1995; Thompson, 1992, 2005, 2006; Zimmerman, 1993; Askevold et al., 1994; O'Brien et al., 1994; Caldara, O'Brien, 1998; Alonso-Zarazaga, Lyal, 1999; Morimoto, Kojima, 1999, 2006; Anderson, 2002v; Grebennikov, 2010; Bouchard et al., 2011; Oberprieler, 2014; Oberprieler et al., 2014; Legalov, 2015; Legalov, Poinar, 2015; Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017; Caldara et al., 2017; Morrone, Hlavac, 2017; etc.
Key to tribes of Erirhininae
1.Eyes absent. Tarsi with 4 subequal tarsomeres............................................
— Eyes absent or reduced. Tarsi with 5 tarsomeres (4th tarsomere very small),
.2
3
Figures 1-10. Erirhininae: 1 - Periegesbardus Boheman, 1842, rostrum and head, dorsally; 2 - Himasthlophallus flagellifer Egorov et Zherikhin, 1991, elytra, laterally; 3 - Aonychys uuctuosus Pascoe, 1872, prothorax, laterally; 4 - Ocladuus holomelas Fairmaire, 1877, prothorax, laterally; 5 - Alaocybttes dubatolovi sp. n., holotype, body, dorsally; 6 - A. dubatolovi sp. n., aedeagus, dorsally; 7 -A. dubatolovi sp. n., holotype, tegmen, dorsally; 8 - PiciasinuatocoWs (Faust, 1885), head and rostrum, laterally; 9 - A. dubatolovi sp. n., holotype, body, laterally; 10 - A. dubatolovi sp. n., holotype, fore-body, in front.
2.Mesocoxal cavities connated. Head and rostrum dorsally tapering towards the antennal attachment...............................Myrtonymini
—Mesocoxal caviries separated. Head dorsally tapering to rostrum base. Rostrum subparallel, widened toward apex...........................
..........................................................................................................................................................................Raymondionymini
3.Rostrum reduced (Figures 1)....................................................................................................................................................4
— Rostrum long (Figure 2)...........................................................................................................................................................5
4. 3rd tarsomere bilobed. Scales not forming a continuous cover. Forehead flat. Styles of ovipositor weakly sclerotized, without dentate sclerite........................................................................................................................................................Cryptolaryngini
— 3rd tarsomere narrow, not bilobed. Scales forming a continuous cover. Forehead depressed. Styles of ovipositor strongly sclerotized, on apex with dentate sclerite...........................................................................................................................Periegini
5.Prosternum with ventral channel................................................................................................................................................6
— Prosternum without ventral channel.........................................................................................................................................14
6.Mesosternum without ventral channel.........................................................................................................................................7
—Mesosternum with ventral channel.............................................................................................................................................9
7.Procoxal cavities separated.......................................................................................................................................Arthrostenini
—Procoxal cavities contiguous......................................................................................................................................................8
8. Eyes reduced. Scutellum absent. Antennal scrobes in anterior part invisible from above. Prosternum without postocular lobes.
Tegmen with well-developed tegminal plate.............................................................................................................Himastlophallini
—Eyes normal. Scutellum distinct. Antennal scrobes in anterior part invisible or visible from above. Prosternum with postocular lobes. Tegmen with reduced tegminal plate............................................................................................................................................9
9.Body covered with semierect setae. Antennal scrobes in anterior part invisible from above....................................................Storeini
—Body covered by dense varnish-like coating over scales. Antennal scrobes in anterior part visible from above...............Bagoini (part)
10.Postocular lobes weak (Figure 3).............................................................................................................................................11
—Postocular lobes stark (Figure 4)...............................................................................................................................................12
11.Femora without teeth. 5th tarsomere well developed, much longer than weak widened 3rd tarsomere..................................Tadiini
—Femora with teeth. 5th tarsomere absent. 3rd tarsomere very wide..............................................................................Aonychusini
12.Femora without teeth. Body spherical. Scutellum absent..................................................................................................Ocladiini
—Femora with teeth. Body with distinct humeri, not spherical. Scutellum present...........................................................................13
13.Metasternum long, 2.5 times as long as metacoxae. Femora with long teeth.................................................Paleocryptorhynchini
—Metasternum shortened, not or slightly wider than metacoxae. Femora with small teeth...........................................Desmidophorini
14. 3rd tarsomere narrow, not bilobed. Body covered by dense varnish-like coating over scales. Antennal scrobes in anterior part
seen from above. Tegmen with reduced tegminal plate................................................................................................Bagoini (part)
—3rd tarsomere usually wide, bilobed. Body naked or covered simple scales. Antennal scrobes in anterior part not seen from or visible only in place on antennal attachment.................................................................................................................................15
15.Flagellum with six flagellomeres. Precoxal part of prosternum short............................................................................Tanysphyrini
—Flagellum with seven flagellomeres. Precoxal part of prosternum elongate..................................................................................16
16. Eyes rounded. 9th elytral stria short, fused with 10th stria at level of metacoxa. Femora with tooth. Tegmen with reduced tegminal
plate.............................................................................................................................................................................Dorytomini
—Eyes transverse-oval, if rounded than ventrite 5 without anal setae. 9th elytral stria long, not fused with 10th stria at level of metacoxa. Tegmen with well-developed tegminal plate.(Erirhinini).................................................................................................17
17. Antennal scrobes directed under base of rostrum (Figure 8), if directed to eye than covered with scales, 9th and 10th elytral striae
not reaching base of elytra.......................................................................................................................................Echinocnemina
— Antennal scrobes naked, directed to eye. 9th and 10th elytral striae reaching base of elytra..............................................Erirhinina
Systematic list of tribes Erirhininae
Tribe Erirhinini Schoenherr, 1825
Subtribe Erirhinina Schoenherr, 1825
=Notarini Zumpt, 1929
=Notodermina Voss, 1952
Subtribe Echinocnemina Legalov, subtrib. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B5BB889E-B9F3-4F52-BEB3-9A58F0AF0593
Type genus. Echinocnemus Schoenherr, 1843
Diagnosis. Body black, covered with dense scales. Rostrum long, curved. Mandible not large. Antennal scrobes directed under base of rostrum or sometimes directed to eye, covered with scales or naked. Eyes transverse-oval, not protruding from contour of head. Forehead weakly narrower than rostrum base. Antennae inserted in apical third. Scape long. Club compact. Pronotum bell-shaped, coarsely punctate. Prosternum with postocular lobes. Scutellum distinct. Elytra quite wide. Humeri weakly smoothed. Elytral striae distinct. 9th and 10th elytral striae not reaching base of elytra. 9th elytral stria long, not fused with 10th stria at level of metacoxa. Interstriae wide, flattened. Procoxal cavities contiguous. Metepisternum quite narrow. Ventrite 5 with anal setae. Pygidium covered by elytra. Procoxae conical. Femora clavate, without teeth. Tibiae narrow, uncinate. Tarsi long. 1st and 2nd tarsomeres wide-conical. 3rd tarsomere bilobed. Claws free.
Comparison: The new subtribe differs from the subtribe Erirhinina in the 9th and 10th elytral striae not reaching base of elytra, antennal scrobes directed under base of rostrum and cowered with scale.
Composition: The genera Echinocnemus Schoenherr, 1843, Icarss Tournier, 1874, Bagoopsis Faust, 1881, Jekelia Tournier, 1874, Picia Tournier, 1895 and Picianus Zumpt, 1929 concern to the new subtribe.
Tribe Storeini Lacordaire, 1863, placem. n.
Remarks. This tribe is similar to the tribe Dorytomini but differs in the prosternum with ventral channel and full 9th elytral stria. The 5th ventrite with anal setae and antennal scrobes directed towards the eyes is diagnostic characters of the subfamily Erirhininae. The genera Emplesis Pascoe, 1870-194, Melanterius Erichson, 1842, Neomelanterius Lea, 1899 and Storeus Schoenherr, 1843 with distinct anal setae on the 5th ventrite belong to this tribe. Tribe Dorytomini Bedel, 1886, placem. n.
Remarks. The 5th ventrite with anal setae and antennal scrobes directed towards the eyes suggest that the tribe belongs to the
subfamily Erirhininae.
Tribe Tanysphyrini Gistel, 1856
=Stenopelmini LeConte, 1876
=Lissorhoptrinae Boving et Craighead, 1931
tTribe Paleocryptorhynchini Legalov et Poinar, 2015
Tribe Arthrostenini Reitter, 1913
Tribe Himasthlophallini Zherikhin, 1991
Tribe Bagoini C. G. Thomson, 1859
=Hydronomides Lacordaire, 1863
=Pseudobagoini Sharp, 1916
Tribe Tadiini Zimmerman, 1993
Tribe Aonychusini Zimmerman, 1999 Tribe Cryptolaryngini Schalkwyk, 1966 Tribe Periegini Legalov, 2003 Tribe Ocladiini Lacordaire, 1865 Tribe Desmidophorini Morimoto, 1962 Tribe Myrtonymini Kuschel, 1990 Tribe Raymondionymini Reitter, 1913 Genus Alaocybites Gilbert, 1956
Alaocybites dubatoloviLegalov, sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34E074D9-E5E9-4C81-832F-6B3B1745D37F Figures. 5-7 and 9-10.
Etymology. In honor of the entomologist Vladimir Viktorovich Dubatolov (Novosibirsk).
Figure 11. Distribution of species of the genus Alaocybites from Russia: A. dubatolovi - octagon and A. egorovi- circle. Description. Body length (without rostrum) 2.2-2.6 mm. Rostrum length 0.6-0.7 mm.
Body brown with sparse, light curved pale hairs. Head tapering to rostrum base. Mandible small. Rostrum long, almost straight, subparallel, widened to apex, 1.2 times as long as pronotum, 3.4 times as long as wide at apex, 2.8 times as long as wide in middle, 3.6 times as long as wide at base. Antennal scrobes directed under eyes, visible in place of antennal attachment. Eyes absent. Forehead flat, narrower than rostrum at base, punctate. Temples long. Vertex convex, finely punctate. Antennae long, inserted at apical third of rostrum. 1st antennomere (scape) long, 5.4 times as long as wide, not reaching forehead. 2nd antennomere long-conical, 2.2 times as long as wide, 0.3 times as long as and 0.8 times as narrow as 1st antennomere. 3rd-8th antennomeres conical. 3rd antennomere subequal in length and wide, 0.4 times as long as and 0.8 times as narrow as 2nd antennomere. 4th antennomere subequal to 3rd antennomere. 5th antennomere 0.6 times as long as wide, 0.8 times as long as and 1.2 times as wide as 4th antennomere. 6th antennomere subequal to 5th antennomere. 7th antennomere 0.7 times as long as wide, little longer and wider than 6th antennomere. 8th antennomere 0.6 times as long as wide, 0.9 times as long as and 1.2 times as wide as 7th antennomere. Club compact, 1.7 times as long as wide, 0.6 times as long as funicle. Pronotum almost bell-shaped, 1.1 times as long as wide at apex, 0,9 times as long as wide in middle, 1.0 times as long as wide at base, without lateral carina. Sides slightly rounded in middle. Disk weakly convex, densely punctate. Intervals between points smaller than diameter of points. Scutellum absent. Elytra 2.5 times as long as wide at base, 1.6 times as long as wide in middle, 2.5 times as long as wide at apical fourth, 2.8 times as long as pronotum. Humeri absent. Elytral striae distinct and deep with large rounded points. Elytral intervals convex, punctate, 1.7-2.4 times as wide as striae, with row of semierect hairs. Precoxal portion of prosternum slightly elongated, 1.1 times as long as procoxal cavities, 1.9 times as long as postcoxal portion; postcoxal portion 0.6 times as long as procoxal cavities. Procoxal cavities contiguous. Mesocoxal cavities narrowly separated. Metaventrite flattened, punctate. Abdomen flattened. 1st and 2nd ventrites fused, Subequal in length. Suture between them almost ablest. 3rd ventrite 0.3 times as long as length of 2nd ventrite. 4th ventrite equal to 3rd ventrite. 5th ventrite 2.0 times as long as length of 4th ventrite, with anal setae. Procoxae large, spherical. Metacoxae wide-transverse. Femora thickened, lacking teeth. Tibiae almost straight, widened to base, with small uncus. Tarsi long, narrow, with 4 subequal tarsomere. Claws free.
Material examined. Holotype, adult male, ISEA, Krabarovskii Krai, Khekhtsir Mt. Range, 940 m, 7.IX.2010, V.V. Dubatolov. Paratypes, male and female, ISEA, idem.
Comparison. The new species is very similar to Alaocybites egorovi Grebennikov, 2010 from Primorskii Krai (Figure 11), but differs in the slender pronotum and densely punctate elytral interstriae. Distribution. Russia: Russian Far East (Khabarovskii Krai) (Figure 11).
Subfamily Dryophthorinae Schoenherr, 1825
Lacordaire, 1865; Kolbe, 1899; Champion, 1906-1909; Bovie, 1908; Heller, 1926; Csiki, 1936; Voss, 1940, 1958; Morimoto, 1962, 1978, 1985; Vaurie, 1970a, 1970b, 1971; O'Brien, Wibmer, 1982; Wibmer, O'Brien, 1986; Zherikhin, Egorov, 1991; Zimmerman, 1993; Kuschel, 1995; Alonso-Zarazaga, Lyal, 1999; Zherikhin, 2000; Anderson, 2002a, 2002d; Morrone, Cuevas, 2002; Nazarenko, Perkovsky, 2009; Bouchard et al., 2011; Anderson, Marvaldi, 2014; Legalov, 2015, 2016b; Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2017; Davis, Engel, 2006, 2009; Morrone, Hlavac, 2017; Grebennikov, 2018a, 2018b, 2018c; etc.
Key to tribes and subtribes of Dryophthorinae
1.Procoxal cavities contiguous.......................................................................................................................................................2
—Procoxal cavities separated........................................................................................................................................................5
2.Antennae non geniculate. Tarsal claws fused at base..............................................................................................Cryptodermatini
—Antennae geniculate. Tarsal claws free.......................................................................................................................................3
3.Metepistrnum concealed by elytra...........................................................................................................................Stromboscerini
—Metepistrnum exposed...............................................................................................................................................................4
4.Pygidium concealed by elytra...................................................................................................................................Orthognathini
— Pygidium exposed...................................................................................................................................................Sipalomimini
5.Metepistrnum concealed by elytra. Tarsi with distinct five tarsomeres (Figure 14)........................................................Dryophthorini
—Metepistrnum exposed. Tarsi with very small 4th tarsomere (Figure 15).......................................................................................6
6.Metepisternum tapered at apex (Figure 12). Metepimeron concealed by elytra.............................................................Rhinostomini
—Metepisternum parallel or widened at apex (Figures 13, 16, 17, 18 and 23). Metepimeron exposed................................................7
7.Tarsal claws fused at base.........................................................................................................................................Oxyopisthini
—Tarsal claws free.......................................................................................................................................................................8
8.Tibiae attached to femora without brackets (Figure 20). (Litosomini)............................................................................................9
—Tibiae attached to femora with brackets (Figure 19)..................................................................................................................14
9.3rd tarsomere bilobed (Figure 22)............................................................................................................................................10
—3rd tarsomere not bilobed (Figure 21)......................................................................................................................................13
10.Suture between 1st and 2nd ventrite distinct. Pygidium with sulcus..................................................................................Sitophila
—Suture between 1st and 2nd ventrite indistinct. Pygidium without sulcus.....................................................................................11
11.Metafemora extending significantly beyond apex of abdomen. Scape much shorter than flagellum. Body elongated.........Laogenina
— Metafemora not reaching apex of abdomen or slightly reaching apex of abdomen.......................................................................12
12. Antennal club oval. Body elongated........................................................................................................................Diocalandrina
— Antennal club truncate (Figure 24). Body more or less wide, sometimes flattened..........................................................Crepidotina
13. Protibia with large mucro (Figure 25). Rostrum shorter than pronotum.............................................................................Polytina
—Protibia with small mucro (Figure 26). Rostrum much longer than pronotum..................................................................Litosomina
14 . Metepisternum wide, subparallel, not narrowed to metacoxa (Figure 13)...................................................................................15
— Metepisternum quite narrow, not subparallel: narrowed to metacoxa (Figure 18) or narrowed to metacoxa but widened before metepimeron (Figure 17) (Sphenophorini)...................................................................................................................................16
15 . Metepimeron wider than 1st ventrite.Body oval..................................................................................................Rhynchophorini
—Metepimeron narrower than 1st ventrite. Body elongated. Mandibles divariacate.....................................................Ommatolampini
16 . Apex of mesepimeron pointed (Figure 17).........................................................................................................Sphenocorynina
— Apex of mesepimeron located almost in line with the edge of metepisternum (Figure 16).........................................Sphenophorina
Systematic list of tribes and subtribes of Dryophthorinae
Tribe Stromboscerini Lacordaire,
1865
Tribe Cryptodermatini Bovie, 1908 =Oxyrhynchides Schoenherr, 1823 Tribe Orthognathini Lacordaire, 1865 =Sipalides Lacordaire, 1865 Tribe Dryophthorini Schoenherr, 1825 Tribe Rhinostomini Kuschel, 1995 Tribe Litosomini Lacordaire, 1865 Subtribe Sitophila Csiki, 1936, stat. n.
Remarks. Two genera SitophilusSchoenherr, 1838 and Tryphetus Faust, 1894 belong to this tribe. Subtribe Diocalandrina Zimmerman, 1993, stat. n.
Remarks. In addition to the genera Diocalandra Faust, 1894 and Myocalandra Faust, 1894 (Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017), Miocene Bicalcasura Poinar et Legalov, 2014 (Poinar, Legalov, 2014), the genera Anogeiia Heller, 1926, Ganae Pascoe, 1885, Laocalandra Heller, 1926, Laostates Heller, 1926 and Microspathe Faust, 1899 also belong to this subtribe. Subtribe Crepidotina Legalov, subtrib. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B4AAD7A0-6FB9-4BF1-8C9A-356E82B1FB76 Type genus. Crepidotus Schoenherr, 1838
Figures 12-26. Dryophthorinae: 12 - RRhinostomus sp., metepisternum; 13 - Cyrtotracheius sp., metepisternum; 14 - Dryophthorus corticaiis (Paykull, 1792), tarsus; 15 - Toxorhinus sp., tarsus; 16 - Sphenophorus abbreviatus (Fabricius, 1787), metepisternum; 17 -Sphenocorynes ? confornis Pascoe, 1887, metepisternum; 18 - Poteriophorus sp., metepisternum; 19 -Cyrtotracheius sp., brackets; 20 - Eugnoristus monacha (Olivier, 1807), attachement of tibia (without brackets); 21 - Poiytus meiierborgii (Boheman, 1838), tarsomeres 3-5; 22 - Diocaiandra frumenti(Fabricius, 1801), tarsomeres 3-5; 23 - Crepidotus variolosa Kiug, 1833, metepisternum; 24 - C variolosa, antennai ciub and antennomere 8; 25 - Poiytus meiierborgii, apex of protibia; 26 - Toxorhinus sp., apex of protibia.
Diagnosis. Body biack, with iight coioured scaies. Rostrum iong, widened near antennai attachment, curved or straight. Mandibie smaii. Eyes transverse-ovai, not protruding from contour of head, contiguous or aimost contiguous dorsaiiy. Forehead subequai, wider or narrower than rostrum base. Antennae inserted subbasaiiy. Scape quite iong, siightiy shorter than fiageiium, extending to frontai margin of pronotum. Ciub compact, truncate. Pronotum beii-shaped, quite wide, coarseiy punctate. Scuteiium smaii. Base of eiytra siightiy wider than base of pronotum. Eiytra quite wide. Humeri weakiy rounded. Eiytrai striae distinct. Interstriae wide, flattened. Procoxai cavities wideiy separated. Metepisternum quite narrow, subparaiiei, widened before mesepimeron. Pygidium not exposed, not suicate. Procoxae sphericai. Femora ciavate. Tibiae narrow, uncinate, attached to femora without brackets. Tarsi iong. 1st and 2nd tarsomeres iong-conicai. 3rd tarsomere very wide, biiobed. Ciaws free.
Comparison. The new subtribe differs from the subtribe Diocaiandrina in the truncate antennai ciub and more or iess wide, sometimes flattened body. It is distinguished from the subtribe Laogenina by the metafemora not reaching apex of abdomen. Composition. The genera Crepidotus Schoenherr, 1838 and Eugnoristus Schoenherr, 1838, and probabiy Dyspnoetus Faust, i894 beiong to the new subtribe. Subtribe Laogenina Legaiov, subtrib. n.
urn:isid:zoobank.org:act:4693C6DC-674B-4100-8731-EE53FF20863C Type genus. Laogenia Pascoe, 1874
Diagnosis. Body biack-brown, with iight coioured scaies. Rostrum iong, widened near antennai attachment, straight or weakiy curved. Mandibie smaii. Eyes transverse-ovai, not protruding from contour of head or weakiy convex, aimost contiguous dorsaiiy. Forehead narrower than rostrum base. Antennae inserted subbasaiiy. Scape quite short, much shorter than fiageiium, extending frontai margin of pronotum. Ciub compact, ovai. Pronotum beii-shaped, quite narrow, coarseiy punctate. Scuteiium smaii. Base of eiytra aimost subequai to base of pronotum. Eiytra eiongate. Humeri weakiy smoothed. Eiytrai striae distinct. Interstriae narrow. Procoxai cavities wideiy separated. Metepisternum quite narrow, subparaiiei. Pygidium not exposed, not suicate. Procoxae sphericai. Femora ciavate, sometimes with teeth. Tibiae narrow, uncinate, attached to femora without brackets. Tarsi iong. 1st and 2nd tarsomeres iong-conicai. 3rd tarsomere wide, biiobed. Ciaws free.
Comparison. The new subtribe differs from the subtribe Crepidotina by the metafemora extending significantiy beyond apex of abdomen, scape much shorter than fiageiium and eiongated body.
Composition. The genera Laogenia Pascoe, 1874, Autonopis Pascoe, 1874, Brenthidogenia Heiier, 1926, Laodaria Heiier, 1926, Tatiotimus Heiier, 1926 and Timiotatus Faust, 1899 beiong to the new subtribe. Subtribe Litosomina Lacordaire, 1865, stat. n.
Remarks. The genus Toxorhinus Lacordaire, 1865 belongs to this subtribe. Subtribe Polytina Zimmerman, 1993, stat. n. Remarks. The genus Polytus Faust, I894 belongs to this subtribe. Tribe Sipalomimini Legalov, trib. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CA0F2396-145E-4DB2-871A-0FD383A97D32 Type genus. Sipalomimus Voss, 1958
Diagnosis. Body black. Rostrum long, widened in mesorostrum, distinctly curved. Mandible small. Eyes transverse-oval, not protruding from contour of head. Forehead subequal or slightly narrower than rostrum base. Antennae inserted in first third. Scape quite short, reaching or not reaching eye. Club compact, truncate. Pronotum bell-shaped, longer than wide, coarsely punctate. Scutellum small. Base of elytra weakly wider than base of pronotum. Elytra elongate. Humeri weakly rounded. Elytral striae distinct. Interstriae wide, flattened; filled with tubercles or carinae. Procoxal cavities contiguous. Metepisternum quite narrow, subparallel. Pygidium not exposed. Procoxae spherical. Femora clavate. Tibiae narrow, uncinate, attached to femora using brackets. Tarsi long and narrow. 1st and 2nd tarsomeres long-conical. 3rd tarsomere narrow, not bilobed. Claws free.
Comparison. The new tribe differs from the tribe Orthognathini by the exposed pygidium, and tibiae attached to femora with
brackets. It is distinguished from the tribe Sphenophorini in the contiguous procoxal cavities.
Composition. The genera Sipalomimus Voss, 1958 and Trochorhopalus Kirsch, 1877 belong to the new tribe.
Tribe Rhynchophorini Schoenherr, 1833
Tribe Ommatolampini Lacordaire, 1865
Tribe Oxyopisthini Kolbe, 1899
Tribe Sphenophorini Lacordaire,
1865
Subtribe Sphenophorina Lacordaire, 1865 Subtribe Sphenocorynina Lacordaire, 1865, stat. n.
Subfamily Cossoninae Schoenherr, 1825
Lacordaire, 1865; Wollaston, 1873; Champion, 1906-1909; Voss, 1934, 1939, 1953, 1955a, 1955b; Csiki, 1936; Konishi, 1962; Morimoto, 1962, 1973; Kuschel, 1966; Decelle, Voss, 1972; Folwaczny, 1973; O'Brien, Wibmer, 1982; Dieckmann, 1983; Wibmer, O'Brien, 1986; Zherikhin, Egorov, 1991; Alonso-Zarazaga, Lyal, 1999; Anderson, 2002c; Davis, Engel, 2007; Bouchard et al., 2011; Nazarenko et al., 2011; Jordal, 2014; Legalov, 2015, 2016a; Poinar, Legalov, 2015a, 2015b; Alonso-Zarazaga et al., 2017; Morrone, Hlavac, 2017; etc.
Key to tribes and subtribes of Cossoninae
1.Prosternum with rostral channel....................................................................................................................................Acamptini
—Prosternum without rostral channel...........................................................................................................................................2
2.Eyes connected ventrally (Figure 27). Femora with sharp teeth...............................................................................Pseudapotrepini
—Eyes distinctly separated ventrally. Femora without teeth, or with obtuse teeth.............................................................................3
3.Procoxal cavities contiguous (Figure 28). Humeri flattened...........................................................................................................4
—Procoxal cavities separated........................................................................................................................................................5
4.Rostrum thin and long. Flagellum 5-segmented. Eyes present...................................................................................Cryptommatini
—Rostrum short (Figure 29). Flagellum 6- or 7-segmented. Eyes absent or reduced.........................................................Onycholipini
5.Tibiae with denticles on outer margin (Figure 30)...........................................................................................................Araucariini
—Tibiae without denticles on outer margin.....................................................................................................................................6
6.Rostrum with secondary scrobe (Figure 31). Flagellum 5-segmented............................................................................................7
—Rostrum without secondary scrobe. Flagellum rarely 5-segmented...............................................................................................8
7.Rostrum almost straight or slightly curved. Antennal scrobe long..................................................................................Pentarthrini
—Rostrum strongly curved. Antennal scrobe short........................................................................................................Tapiromimini
8. Mesoventrite more or less strongly depressed below level of metaventrite (Figure 32). Procoxal cavities narrowly separated.
(Rhyncolini)................................................................................................................................................................................9
—Mesoventrite on level of metaventrite (Figure 33). Procoxal cavities widely separated..................................................................13
9.6th elytral stria reaches base of elytra......................................................................................................................................10
—6th elytral stria short of base of elytra......................................................................................................................................11
10.Procoxal cavities narrowly separated. Body lustrous...............................................................................................Stenoscelidina
—Procoxal cavities more widely separated. Body dull (Figure 34)..................................................................................Choerorhinina
11.Rostrum about 2.5 times longer than wide.............................................................................................................Phloeophagina
—Rostrum no more than 2.0 times longer than wide.....................................................................................................................12
12.Pronotum considerably narrower than elytra base (Figures 36 and 37).....................................................................Pseudomimina
—Pronotum barely narrower than elytra base (Figure 38).................................................................................................Rhyncolina
13.Humeri rounded....................................................................................................................................................................14
—Humeri distinct.......................................................................................................................................................................18
14 Flagellum 6- or 7-segmented. If flagellum 5 segmented then eyes smaller, if 4-segmented then eyes absent...............................15
—Flagellum 5-segmented...........................................................................................................................................................16
15.Flagellum 7-segmented. Eyes absent. Pronotum and elytra approximately equal in width.............................................Neumatorini
—Flagellum from 4- to 7-segmented. Eyes developed, if absent then flagellum 4-segmented. Elytra usually behind middle distinctly wider than pronotum............................................................................................................................................Dryotribini (part)
16.Body covered with scales (Figure 35). Elytra usually coarsely sculptured.........................................................................Nesiobiini
—Body bare. Elytra slightly sculptured (Figures 39 and 41)...........................................................................................................17
17. Body metallic-lustrous, convex. Elytra oval or elliptical (Figure 40). Procoxal cavities usually narrowly separated (Figure
42).......................................................................................................................................................................Acanthinomerini
—Body dull (Figure 39). Elytra usually narrower. Procoxal cavities widely separated (Figure 43).....................................Microxylobiini
18.Procoxal cavities narrowly separated (Figures 44 and 45)....................................................................................Dryotribini (part)
—Procoxal caVities widely separated............................................................................................................................................19
19.Eyes lateral, oval or round............................................................................................................................................Cossonini
—Eyes lateral-ventral, transverse......................................................................................................................................Himatinini
Figures 27-34. Cossoninae: 27 - Pseudapotrepus insuiaris Hustache 1932, type, head, ventrally; 28 - Onychoiips bifurcatus Wollaston, 1861, prosternum and mesoventrite; 29 - O. bifurcatus, body, dorsally; 30 - Xenocnema spinipes Wollaston, 1873, apex of protibia; 31 - Euophryum confine (Broun, 1881), rostrum, laterally; 32 - Pse/actus spadix (Herbst, 1795), meso- and metaventrite, laterally; 33 - Orthotemnus fiUformis Champion, 1914, meso- and metaventrite, laterally; 34 - Choerorhinus squaiidus Fairmaire, 1858, body, dorsally.
Systematic list of tribes and subtribes of Cossoninae
Tribe Acamptini LeConte, 1876
Tribe Rhyncolini Gistel, 1856
Subtribe Stenoscelidina Wollaston, 1877, stat. n.
=Hexarthrina Voss, 1934
=Stenocorynini Voss, 1933
Subtribe Choerorhinina Folwaczny, 1973, placem. n., stat. n.
Subtribe Phloeophagina Voss, 1955
Subtribe Rhyncolina Gistel, 1856, stat. res.
Subtribe Pseudomimina Voss, 1939
= Aphyllurini Voss, 1955, syn. n.
Tribe Onycholipini Wollaston, 1873, stat. res.
Tribe Araucariini Kuschel, 1966
Tribe Pseudapotrepini Champion, 1909
Tribe Pentarthrini Lacordaire, 1865
Tribe Tapiromimini Voss, 1972
Tribe Neumatorini Folwaczny, 1973
Tribe Dryotribini LeConte, 1876
=Cotasteriden Faust, 1886
Tribe Cryptommatini Voss, 1972
Tribe Acanthinomerini Voss, 1972
Tribe Microxylobiini Voss, 1972
Tribe Nesiobiini Alonso-Zarazaga et Lyal, 1999 Tribe Cossonini Schoenherr, 1825 = Proecini Voss, 1956, syn. n. Tribe Himatinini Konishi, 1962, stat. res. Tribe insertae sedis Allomorphini Folwaczny, 1973
Figures 35-45. Cossoninae: 35 - Nesiobius horridus (Wollaston, 1871), body, dorsally; 36 - Pseudomimus burgeoni Hustache 1934, type, body, dorsally; 37 - Aphyllura brenskei Reitter, 1884, holotype, body, dorsally; 38 - Rhyncolus elongatus (Gyllenhal, 1827), body, dorsally; 39 - Microxylobius lucifUgus Wollaston, 1861, type, body, dorsally; 40 - Acanthinomerusconicoliis (Wollaston, 1861), type, body, dorsally; 41 - Caulotrupis lucifugus Wollaston, 1854, type, body, dorsally; 42 - Acanthinomerus conicollis, type, fore-body, ventrally; 43 -Microxylobius lucifugus, type, fore-body, ventrally; 44 - Caulotrupis lucifugus, type, fore-body, ventrally; 45 - Amaurorhinus sardous Folwaczny, 1972, fore-body, ventrally.
Subfamily Molytinae Schoenherr, 1823
Addenda. Two tribes, Cryptoplini Lacordaire, 1863 and Cranopoeini Kuschel, 2009, are considered as part of this
subfamily.
Cryptoplini and Cranopoeini are close to the tribes Metatygini Pascoe, 1888 and Mecysolobini Reitter, 1913. Corrected key (Legalov, 2018b, p. 342):
46.Labial palpi absent.................................................................................................................................................................47
—Labial palpi present...............................................................................................................................................................47a
—73g0dye)OideatPrePPgfi1tu,iWmieiieniniRosieuFQ iMiflfltWo l gpfigiivfc5ildiirgift!jy.e!!? tdlorssirny..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: F>i9riPietai0iigii?ni
47a. Claws usually with long teeth. Procoxal cavities more or less separated. Front legs often larger than other.................Mecysolobini
— Ciaws without teeth, sometimes absent. Procoxai cavities contiguous or separated. Front iegs not eniarged...............................47b
48b. Femora dentate. Postocuiar iobes without vibrissae..................................................................................................Cryptopiini
— Femora unarmed. Postocuiar iobes with vibrissae.......................................................................................................Cranopoeini
Tribe Lithinini Lacordaire, 1863 Subtribe Lithinina Lacordaire, 1863 = Diabathrariini Lacordaire, 1863, syn. n.
Tribe Phrynixini Kuschei, 1964 Subtribe Geochina Legaiov, subtrib. n.
urn:isid:zoobank.org:act:F991EEC2-C7E6-467A-888D-F5D03029EDBF Type genus. Geochus Broun, 1882
Diagnosis. Body brown or biack, giabrous. Rostrum siightiy shorter than pronotum, weakiy curved. Antennai scrobes iateraiiy, directed under eye, dorsaiiy in piace of antennai attachment. Eyes smaii, not protruding or weakiy protruding from contour of head. Forehead distinctiy narrower than rostrum base. Antennae inserted subapicaiiy. Scape iong, reaching eye. Ciub compact, with subequai in iength 1st and 2nd segments. Pronotum beii-shaped, punctate. Scuteiium absent. Base of eiytra weakiy wider than base of pronotum. Eiytra short. Humeri smoothed. Eiytrai striae distinct. Interstriae weakiy convex or aimost fiat. Prosternum without rostrai channei and postocuiar iobe. Pre- and postcoxai portions short. Procoxai cavities separated. Mesocoxai cavities wideiy separated. Metaventrite short, flattened. Scieroiepidia absent. Abdomen flattened. Ventrites 1 and 2 iong, fused. Ventrites 3 and 4 short. Ventrite 5 iong, without anai setae. Pygidium not exposed. Procoxae aimost conicai. Meso-and metacoxae sphericai. Femora ciavate, toothed or not. Tibiae narrow, unarmed. Tarsi short. Tarsomere 1 conicai or short-conicai. Tarsomere 2 short-conicai. Tarsomere 3 short-conicai or biiobed. Tarsomere 5 present or absent. Ciaws free, divergent (if present).
Comparison. The new subtribe differs from the nominative subtribe in the wideiy separated procoxai cavities, short and smaii body.
Compasition. Three genera from South Africa (Afrogeochus Rheinheimer, 1998), Phiiinnipes (undescribed) and New Zeaiand (Geochus Broun, 1882) beiong to the new subtribe. Corrected key (Legaiov, 2018b, p. 344):
53.Procoxai cavities separated...................................................................................................................................................53a
— Procoxai cavities contiguous....................................................................................................................................................54
53a. Tibiae with uncus. Rostrum separated by impression from head. Scieroiepidia present.........................................Cotasteromimini
—Tibiae unarmed. Rostrum not separated by impression from head. Scieroiepidia absebt.....................................Geochina (Phrynixini)
Acknowledgments
The author thanks O. Jaeger (Germany: Dresden), K.-D. Klass (Germany: Dresden), A.G. Kirejtshuk (Russia: St.-Petersburg), B.A. Korotyaev (Russia: St.-Petersburg), P. Limbourg (Belgium: Bruxelles), O. Merkl (Hungary: Budapest), N.B. Nikitsky (Russia: Moscow), H. Perrin (France: Paris), D. Telnov (UK: London) for the opportunity to study of material, and Dr. George O. Poinar, Jr. (USA: Corvallis) for improving the manuscript. The study was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 19-04-00465-a) and the Federal Fundamental Scientific Research Program for 2013-2020 (project no. AAAA-A16-116121410121-7).
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Citation:
Legalov, A.A. (2020). Annotated key to weevils of the world. Part 4. Subfamilies Erirhininae, Dryophthorinae and Cossoninae (Curculionidae). Ukrainian Journal of Ecology, 10(2), 319-331.
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