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0УДК 008 Garayeva O. O., Hajyyeva L.A.
Garayeva O.O.
senior lecturer
Dovletmammet Azadi Turkmen National Institute of World Languages
(Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
Hajyyeva L.A.
lecturer
Magtymguly Turkmen State University (Ashgabat, Turkmenistan)
ANCIENT ANEW CULTURE AND ITS MAIN PLACES AND MONUMENTS
Abstract: one of the monuments that informs about the past is the ancient and medieval culture of Anew. The territory of the Anew culture continued its life from the early Eneolithic period to the late Middle Ages. This culture has been studied by several scholars at different times. It is proudly celebrated in the memories of travelers. According to the literature, the word "Anew" itself was called "Annaw" and "Anov" at the end of the 19th century, and "Ab-now" in the beginning of the 20th century based on the concepts of "fresh water". If we talk about the events in the land of Anew, then that land is more ancient.
Keywords: culture, historical places, monuments.
The term Eneolithic refers to the Copper-Stone Age. Monuments of these Eneolithic and Bronze Ages in Turkmenistan were found on two hills near Anew station. The hill in the north of Anew, where the American expedition led by Raphael Pampelli worked in 1904, deserves special attention. The cultural zone of Depan was named "Anew culture".
During the archeological excavations in the monuments belonging to the Anew culture, the husks and seeds of the grain were found in the remains of raw cranberries. This testifies to the fact that our ancient ancestors cultivated grain crops
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here. This type of wheat found is now known as "white wheat". The remains of villages belonging to the Anew culture can be found in the distance from Chache village of present-day Kaka region to Baherden region.
Today, the white wheat of Turkmen is considered one of the cultural values created by the people. The Eneolithic era has its own names, unlike the Jeytun culture. During this period, animal husbandry and agriculture are firmly integrated into the economy, agricultural fields are expanded, the number of sedentary people increases, skills such as iron smelting, weaving, and pottery are mastered. Inscriptions appear on pottery. Irrigation systems are being built.
In agriculture, soft wheat and barley are mostly grown. The monuments of the Eneolithic epoch in the southern regions of Turkmenistan are mainly located between Gyzylarbat and Goksuyrin (Tejen) and are distributed in the western, central and eastern zones. More than 30 monuments of the Eneolithic era have been found. Thus, Goksuyri oasis was studied more thoroughly. As a result, it was revealed that the inhabitants of this place managed their crops by using irrigation canals and artificial reservoirs. Here, 9 of the villages were found. From Molladepe in this oasis, barley and wheat grains were found, testifying to the existence of ancient agricultural zones. The collected grain was placed in large pots and stored in special warehouses built of baked bricks. After the grain is cleaned, it is crushed in a sieve to prepare the cereal. They made baskets out of straw and pots out of straw. The people were engaged in sheep breeding, deer hunting, deer hunting. The patterns on the rugs prove that the people of this era had contact with the North-East, North-West and Middle East countries.
The American scientist Hibert Fret, conducting archeological excavations in the Anew fortress for more than 8 years, confirms the existence of several more ancient cultural layers belonging to the Anew culture and dates their historical dating to the VII-VI millennia before our era. Scientists R. Pampelli and H. Fret introduced this monument to world science based on anthropological data proving that the people who lived in the ancient Turkmen land and were engaged in agriculture were
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the ancestors of today's Turkmen. Scientist Schellenberg also testifies that there are four types of wheat remains found in Turkmenistan.
Anew - a remarkable place, where every stone tells its own history. Ancient settlements bear witness to the highly developed culture and craftsmanship of its ancient inhabitants, making this city a true historical monument.
Modern Anew is not just a glimpse to the past, but a city rapidly evolving. Modern houses, schools, kindergartens, sport schools - all this contributing to the comfortable life of the citizens and ensuring the comprehensive development of the younger generation.
Anew is not just a city, it's a place where millennia of civilizations intertwine. The bearers of the culture of Anew - the ancestors of the Turkmen people were the first to cultivate wheat and bake bread from white flour.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Dunya edebiyaty magazin 21.06.2024y;
2. Zaman newspaper 12.04.2024y
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