CC BY
2UDC 628.313:543.34.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN THE
TEXTILE INDUSTRY
DRABKOVA TATYANA VLADIMIROVNA
Intern-researcher, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan
ABDUTALIPOVA NELLYA MUDARISOVNA
Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan
SHOKHAKIMOVA AZIZA ALIMDZHANOVNA
Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan
RAKHMATULLAEVA NARGIZA TULKUNOVNA
Associate Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan
MUKHAMEDOVA NARGIZA KAMILJANOVNA
Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages, Tashkent State Technical University named after Islam Karimov, Uzbekistan
Abstract. The article examines the impact of textile industry wastewater on water bodies in Uzbekistan, with a focus on the Chinoz Tekstil enterprise and its treatment facilities. Analysis of pollutant discharge data shows insufficient efficiency of treatment processes, which leads to deterioration of water quality and negative consequences for the ecosystem. Methods for improving wastewater treatment, including the use of ion exchange, are proposed. The authors emphasize that the use of modern ion exchange equipment will increase the efficiency of wastewater treatment.
Keywords: wastewater, textile industry, treatment facilities, ion exchange, ecology.
The textile industry of Uzbekistan [1,2] has significantly increased its production volumes in recent years, which in turn has led to an increase in wastewater emissions. These wastewaters contain various pollutants that negatively affect the quality of the republic's water bodies.
The textile industry is a major source of water pollution, especially through the discharge of wastewater containing nitrogen compounds. These compounds, including ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, as well as phosphates, can cause eutrophication of water bodies, which leads to deterioration of water quality and the death of aquatic organisms. Sulfates and chlorides can cause corrosion of equipment and adversely affect human health, and excess iron can disrupt ecosystems, causing changes in the biological diversity of water bodies. With the increase in textile production, the problem of wastewater pollution of rivers and canals arises. Wastewater contains harmful substances and dyes that impair the organoleptic properties of water and damage ecosystems.
This article discusses the efficiency of the treatment facilities of the textile company "Chinoz Tekstil" and their impact on nearby water bodies. The enterprise is currently not operating.
To analyze the efficiency of the treatment facilities, wastewater samples were collected at the inlet and outlet of the treatment facilities in winter, spring, summer and autumn. The volume of each sample was 1 liter.
Chemical analysis was carried out in laboratory conditions. To determine the concentration of pollutants NH4, NO2, NO3, Fe (ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, iron), the photometric analysis method was used. To determine SO4 (sulfates), the complexometric method, for
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Cl (chloride ions), the argentometric method. Temperature: 20-25 °C for reaction stability. pH of the environment: was maintained in the range of 6.5-8.5 for most of the analyzed substances, which corresponds to the standards for wastewater.
Four samples were taken each season: 1 - at the entrance to the treatment facilities; 2 - at the exit from the treatment facilities; 3 - 500 meters above the discharge of wastewater; 4 - 500 meters below the discharge. The monitoring results are presented in Tables 1 - 4.
Table 1 - Information on the efficiency of the treatment facilities of "Chinoz Tekstil" in
winter
Место отбора t0C РН NH4 NO2 NO3 PO4 SO4 Cl Fe
1 - in 13 7,3 8,4 0,015 2,4 0,39 34,8 21,0 0,084
2 - out 13 7,4 8,4 0,132 3,1 1,3 129,6 63,9 0,084
3 - above 13 7,5 3,5 0,516 1,81 0,75 64,9 8,2 0,159
4 - below 13 7,7 3,9 0,472 1,73 0,75 130,2 11,3 0,163
ПДК - 6,5-8,5 0,5 0,02 9,1 0,3 100 300 0,05
Based on Table 1, the following exceedances were detected:
NH4: The concentration of ammonium (8.4 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC (0.5 mg/l) by more than 16 times.
NO2: The concentration of nitrites (0.015 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC (0.02
mg/l).
NO3: The concentration of nitrates (2.4 mg/l at the inlet) is significantly lower than the MAC (9.1 mg/l).
PO4: The concentration of phosphates (0.39 mg/l at the inlet) is also lower than the MAC (0.3
mg/l).
SO4: The concentration of sulphates (34.8 mg/l at the inlet) is significantly lower than the MAC (100 mg/l).
Cl: The concentration of chlorides (21.0 mg/l at the inlet) is lower than the MAC (300 mg/l). Fe: The concentration of iron (0.084 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC (0.05 mg/l). Table 2 - Information on the efficiency of the Chinoz Tekstil treatment facilities in the
spring
Place of selection t0C РН NH4 NO2 NO3 PO4 SO4 Cl Fe
1 - in 14 7,6 7,4 0,041 1,73 1,07 188,0 29,2 0,09
2 - out 16 7,7 7,4 0,057 2,9 1,21 209,7 27,5 0,089
3 - above 14 7,3 7,71 0,64 2,1 1,26 439,7 120,4 0,23
4 - below 14 7,3 9,46 0,465 2,2 1,78 397,4 104,9 0,25
MPC - 6,5-8,5 0,5 0,02 9,1 0,3 100 300 0,05
Based on Table 2, the following exceedances were detected:
NH4: Ammonium concentration (7.4 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 14 times.
NO2: Nitrite concentration (0.041 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC.
NO3: Nitrate concentration (1.73 mg/l at the inlet) is significantly below the MAC.
PO4: Phosphate concentration (1.07 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 3 times.
SO4: Sulfate concentration (188.0 mg/l at the inlet) is below the MAC.
Cl: Chloride concentration (29.2 mg/l at the inlet) is below the MAC.
Fe: Iron concentration (0.09 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC.
Table 3 - Information on the efficiency of the treatment facilities of "Chinoz Tekstil" in
the summer period
Place of selection t0C РН NH4 NO2 NO3 PO4 SO4 Cl Fe
1 - in 13 7,6 1,4 0,051 2,1 0,59 71,6 36,1 0,061
2 - out 13 7,5 1,4 0,042 3,3 0,51 72,3 32,7 0,061
3 - above 13 7,2 2,3 0,5 2,71 0,78 81,7 122,1 0,073
4 - below 13 7,2 2,4 0,5 2,73 0,78 88,9 122,0 0,074
MPC - 6,5-8,5 0,5 0,02 9,1 0,3 100 300 0,05
Based on Table 3, the following exceedances were detected:
NH4: Ammonium concentration (1.4 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 2 times.
NO2: Nitrite concentration (0.051 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC.
NO3: Nitrate concentration (2.1 mg/l at the inlet) is significantly below the MAC.
PO4: Phosphate concentration (0.59 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 1.5 times.
SO4: Sulfate concentration (71.6 mg/l at the inlet) is below the MAC.
Cl: Chloride concentration (36.1 mg/l at the inlet) is below the MAC.
Fe: Iron concentration (0.061 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC.
Table 4 - Information on the efficiency of the Chinoz Tekstil treatment facilities in the
autumn period
Place of selection t0C РН NH4 NO2 NO3 PO4 SO4 Cl Fe
1 - in 14 7,7 3,52 0,005 2,7 2,4 114,0 31,7 0,239
2 - out 15 7,6 3,3 0,034 3,4 2,4 159,0 30,6 0,17
3 - above 13 7,0 2,1 0,154 2,7 1,37 217,6 79,4 0,158
4 - below 13 7,2 2,7 0,156 2,8 1,84 234,0 78,3 0,16
MPC - 6,5-8,5 0,5 0,02 9,1 0,3 100 300 0,05
Based on Table 4, the following exceedances were detected:
NH4: Ammonium concentration (3.52 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 7 times.
NO2: Nitrite concentration (0.005 mg/l at the inlet) does not exceed the MAC.
NO3: Nitrate concentration (2.7 mg/l at the inlet) is significantly below the MAC.
PO4: Phosphate concentration (2.4 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 8 times.
SO4: Sulfate concentration (114.0 mg/l at the inlet) is below the MAC.
Cl: Chloride concentration (31.7 mg/l at the inlet) is below the MAC.
Fe: Iron concentration (0.239 mg/l at the inlet) exceeds the MAC by more than 4 times.
The treatment facilities of "Chinoz Tekstil" demonstrate significant excesses in the concentration of ammonium and phosphates in winter and spring. In summer and autumn, excesses in ammonium and phosphates are also observed. This indicates the need to improve treatment processes to reduce the content of these pollutants to acceptable levels. Other parameters are mostly within the permissible values or significantly below them. It is recommended to conduct additional monitoring and evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment processes to identify the causes of such excesses.
Thus, to ensure the purity of water bodies and protect the ecosystem, it is necessary to improve the existing technologies for treating wastewater from the textile industry in Uzbekistan. To a greater extent, the problem of treatment facilities that cannot cope with their activities due to the deterioration of the stations and the large amount of discharged water requires the intervention of specialists to develop new modern equipment with a high degree of purification. The authors' professional interest is to study the shortcomings of treatment facilities, develop and improve new ion exchange equipment
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for complex treatment of industrial wastewater, and also propose the use of the ion exchange method and the phosphate cation exchanger [3], sulfonic cation exchanger SKDF [4,5], and amphoteric ion exchanger [6] obtained earlier in Uzbekistan.
The results of the study show that the efficiency of the treatment facilities at the Chinoz Tekstil enterprise is improved by upgrading the equipment and introducing new treatment technologies. The proposed methods and materials can significantly improve the quality of wastewater treatment and, therefore, reduce the negative impact on the ecosystem of water bodies. Ion exchange processes are fast enough to be used in continuous treatment systems. Although the initial installation costs can be high, low operating costs and high efficiency make them cost-effective in the long term.
Ion exchange resins can be regenerated, which extends their service life and improves the efficiency of the treatment process. Ion exchange units demonstrate high efficiency in removing nitrogen compounds from textile industry wastewater. Their use can significantly improve the quality of treated wastewater and reduce the negative impact on the environment.
LITERATURE
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