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ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT METHODS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
Ch.V. Drokina, Candidate of Economics Sciences, Associate Professor F. Fakhro, Graduate Student Southern Federal University (Russia, Taganrog)
DOI:10.24412/2411-0450-2022-10-1-124-126
Abstract. The article examines the theoretical and methodological aspects of quality management in a manufacturing enterprise, analyzes the role of quality management in improving the efficiency of an enterprise. The aim of the work is to analyze the key methods of the quality management system for managing the business processes of manufacturing enterprises. The object of research is the system of business processes of quality management in the enterprise. The study emphasized the importance of applying quality management systems and the positive aspects of their implementation in enterprises, presents the results of a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the main methods of quality management.
Keywords: quality management, business processes, management methods, quality management system, manufacturing enterprises.
The world is witnessing in recent times rapid changes and developments in all economic, social, technological, and educational fields. The same changes have reflected on the nature of management work in manufacturing enterprises. Improving the performance of them, is a global concern in all companies in the world [1].
The importance of applying quality systems stems from the fact that their application means obtaining several benefits and competitive advantages that benefit both the company and its customers, and the most important of these advantages are as follow: consistent quality and make products, een-sures long lasting efficiency, higher productivity levels, aattracts a loyal set of customers, enhanced brand value, customer satisfaction, reduced risks, less human errors, increased revenues and profits [2]. Let us consider the results of a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the main methods of the quality management for enterprises.
There are a lot of methods of quality management which can be applied in manufacturing enterprises. The management of manufacturing enterprise must choose any method to apply it according to the situation of the company.
ISO. The International Standards Organization (ISO) is an independent body that provides standards for organizations to follow. The term 'standards' includes the quality, safety, and efficiency of the products provided by the businesses [3].
Pros of ISO 9001: achieves certification; increased customer satisfaction; improved communication; reduced costs; improved employee productivity; increased efficiency; improvements in quality; reduces risk.
Cons of ISO 9001: lack of training; costly initial implementation; difficult to understand; unclear benefits; ongoing evaluation requirements [4].
6 sigma method. It enables companies to reduce the percentage of errors and defects in products to percentages that are non-existent and almost reach zero percent, and thus achieve the needs of the customer completely. It is the principle in which the ratio of errors or defects for every million possible opportunities.
Pros of 6 sigma method: identification of possible defects before they occur, and after their elimination is less costly; the requirement of large amounts of data provides the ability to quickly identify and solve problems; the concept involves continuous improvement, not a one-time fix of problems; given the elusive high level of defect-free produc-
tion, striving for it will still improve the quality of your products and services; the ability to detect and solve problems in advance leads to the implementation of a proactive concept; the ability to save money by reducing returns.
Cons of 6 sigma method: it implies an improvement in product quality, but not a reduction in the production cost; implementation requires good equipment, better quality checks and tighter tolerance conditions, which require a lot of resources; conducting statistical analysis requires the allocation of resources; provided that you adhere to the concept, and your competitors do not, products and services will become better and worthy of a higher price [2].
Kaizen. The focus of Kaizen is on small, frequent improvements to existing work processes, generated by all employees at all levels.
Pros of Kaizen: improved efficiency; strengthening teamwork; improved best practices; improved employee satisfaction; improved leadership skills; reduced waste; improved safety.
Cons of Kaizen: additional training for employees and management in conducting events within the framework of Kaizen; the introduction of Kaizen in enterprise management involves changes in the current management system [1].
Lean manufacturing. A comprehensive and integrated philosophy for the management of production and operations, which depends on the continuous flow of products and the withdrawal on demand, as all steps and procedures that do not add value to the customer are eliminated in the product manufacturing process [5].
Pros of lean manufacturing: less quantity of raw materials and finished products; optimization of the workspace supplies and tools; highly motivated staff; cross trained staff which increases optimization and reduces costs; decreased time limitation to finish products; sync of the manufacturing with consumer expectations.
Lean manufacturing has some constraints which are: lack of economies of scale due to
lack of spare materials; a significant focus on the present does not allow predicting upcoming changes and implementing new strategies; requirements for the implementation of the lean manufacturing methodology for all employees; limitation of potential errors within the scope of process optimization.
From the information above the following conclusion can be made. The ISO can be used in the service and production fields to improve operations and is used as a competitive advantage and when applied enables the organization to obtain a certificate of conformity, which increases the opportunities for companies to compete and expand the market to include all markets, including international ones. Applying the ISO and obtaining a certificate of conformity is considered a medium cost.
Six sigma can be implemented in both production and services field. It is used for improvement of quality and delivery, reduction of waste, reduction of cost, development of robust products and processes, continuous improvement, and enhancement of competitive position. Its implementation is high cost.
Kaizen can be applied in all areas of life, including industry, production, and services. Kaizen is about making small, sequential improvements. It is the least expensive among the other methods mentioned. It includes all employees in the organization from top to bottom without exception.
Lean manufacturing can only be used in the production field, it is preferable that the product be standardized or low in diversity. It can also be applied in a stable market, as it is difficult to apply it in an unstable market. Lean manufacturing focuses on efficiency, flow, and production on time as well as waste reduction. It is also costly to implement but holds to a more reliable position in the market
The results of the analysis show the main advantages and disadvantages of the describes methods of quality management. It allows to decide about the application of a particular method, depending on the specifics of the enterprise under study.
References
1. Management study guide. - [Electronic resource]. - URL: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/ (date of access: 17.10.2022).
2. Quality management systems. - [Electronic resource]. - URL: quali-ty_management_systems_QMS.pdf (businessballs.com) (date of access: 17.10.2022).
3. Anttila, J & Jussila, K. ISO 9001:2015 - a questionable reform. What should the implementing organizations understand and do? // Total Quality Management & Business Excellence. - 2017. - Pp. 1-16.
4. ISO 9000:2005. - [Electronic resource]. - URL: https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:9000:ed-3:v1:en (date of access: 17.10.2022).
5. Al-Rai M.I. The impact of lean manufacturing on production costs in major food processing companies in the Gaza strip: an applied study on a group of sario valley factories for food industries // Journal of advanced research in economics and business strategies. - 2021. -Pp. 47-71.
АНАЛИЗ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕТОДОВ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВОМ В ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ
К.В. Дрокина, канд. экон. наук, доцент Ф. Факро, магистрант Южный федеральный университет (Россия, г. Таганрог)
Аннотация. В статье исследуются теоретические и методические аспекты управления качеством на производственном предприятии, анализируется роль управления качеством в повышении эффективности предприятия. Целью работы является анализ ключевых методов системы менеджмента качества для управления бизнес-процессами производственных предприятий. Объектом исследования является система бизнес-процессов управления качеством на предприятии. В исследовании подчёркнуты важность применения систем управления качеством и положительные стороны от их внедрения на предприятиях, представлены результаты сравнительного анализа преимуществ и недостатков основных методов управления качеством.
Ключевые слова: управление качеством, бизнес-процессы, методы управления, система менеджмента качества, производственные предприятия.
