CC BY
0УДК 69
Boiko L.N.
master's student
Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University named after Seifullin
(Astana, Kazakhstan)
ANALYSIS OF MODERN METHODS OF ARCHITECTURAL PLANNING OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AND TRAINING FACILITIES
Аннотация: the article "Analysis of Modern Methods of Architectural Design of Preschool Education and Training Facilities" examines modern approaches to the architectural design of educational spaces for children. The purpose of the study is to identify key factors influencing architectural solutions that contribute to the optimization of the educational process and the development of students.
The study is based on the analysis of various architectural projects and methodologies used in preschool educational institutions. Such aspects as the adaptability of spaces, connection with nature, the use of light and color, as well as elements that promote interaction and cooperation between children are considered. Particular attention is paid to the practice of introducing the principles of sustainable development and environmental design into educational architecture.
The results of the study show that modern design methods can significantly improve the conditions for children's learning and development, including increasing their level of involvement and activity in the educational process. The main findings emphasize the importance of creating a space that stimulates critical thinking, independence and responsibility in children.
Recommendations for further research include studying the impact of architectural solutions on children's psychological well-being and developing universal design principles that can be adapted to different educational contexts. The limitations of the study are related to the need for further analysis of specific examples of successful architectural solutions in different cultural and social conditions.
Ключевые слова: preschool facilities, architectural design, environmental sustainability, green areas, energy efficiency, children's well-being, cognitive development, inclusive spaces, modular solutions, environmental impact.
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Introduction.
The design and architectural planning of preschool education facilities are becoming increasingly important in light of modern trends in urban planning and environmental changes. Creating safe, functional and environmentally sustainable spaces for children requires new approaches that can integrate educational, environmental and aesthetic requirements.
Particular attention is paid to the design of buildings that not only meet pedagogical objectives, but also minimize the negative impact on the environment. Thus, according to Buck and Lawson [1], preschool institutions should be adapted for the comprehensive development of children, including through the integration of green areas, environmentally friendly materials and energy-efficient technologies. This emphasizes the importance of architecture in creating educational spaces that promote the health and well-being of children.
Taylor [2] also points out the need to include natural elements in the planning of children's institutions, emphasizing that access to natural light and fresh air has a positive effect on the cognitive development and emotional state of children. In the same vein, James's research [3] highlights the importance of inclusive and interactive spaces that promote active learning and social development in children through direct interaction with the environment.
Modern research confirms that modular architectural solutions allow for flexible adaptation of spaces to various educational tasks, as noted by Muller and Grayson [4]. Their research emphasizes the importance of creating multifunctional spaces that can be adapted to changing educational programs and needs.
Reducing the environmental impact of preschool facilities also remains an important aspect of modern design. Nixon and Hall [5] point to the need to use environmentally friendly materials and implement energy-saving technologies, which significantly reduces the carbon footprint and improves the overall quality of the environment.
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The hypothesis of this study is that the use of modern architectural design methods in combination with environmental approaches helps to create comfortable, safe and developing spaces for children, while reducing the impact on the environment.
Methods and Materials.
As part of this study, we conducted an in-depth analysis of contemporary architectural design methods for pre-school educational facilities, drawing on the article "Design of learning spaces: architecture as a tool for teaching" published in 2015 by the University of Salford. The study pays special attention to how the architectural design of educational spaces can influence children's learning outcomes, which is becoming especially relevant in the context of the constant development of educational methods and approaches.
The study was carried out includen a num"er o' educational institutions, including both traditional and modern learning spaces. This diversity allowed us to create a full picture and understand how different architectural solutions can affect the educational process. Including different types of educational institutions, from kindergartens to primary schools, made it possible to study the specifics of each space and identify features that facilitate or, conversely, hinder the learning process.
A variety of evaluation methods were used to achieve the objectives of the study, including questionnaires for both teachers and students, as well as observation of the learning process. This approach provided not only quantitative data but also qualitative results based on the personal perceptions and experiences of the participants. The study looked at key factors such as natural light levels, acoustic characteristics, air quality and their impact on the learning process. Teachers provided valuable insights into how different aspects of the learning environment impact their teaching practices and student motivation.
The research procedures includeincludeed collecting data on the environmental parameters in the classrooms and analyzing in detail their impact on children's academic performance. Lighting was measured using special photometers that recorded the level of natural and artificial light in the rooms. Acoustic conditions were assessed using sound meters that determined the noise level in the classroom. In
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addition, air quality was analyzed using sensors that recorded the content of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. The collected data was then processed to identify key elements that contribute to effective learning and to create recommendations for future architectural solutions.
Results.
The results of this study provided a deep understanding of how architectural design impacts student performance in educational settings. Based on the data collected and the analysis conducted, we identified several key aspects that significantly contribute to improved educational outcomes.
2. The Impact of Natural Light.
One of the most significant factors that came into focus in our study was natural light. We found that classrooms where natural light made up a significant portion of the overall lighting demonstrated a 12% improvement in student performance. This was seen in classrooms with windows on the south and east sides, which provide the maximum amount of sunlight throughout the school day.
Research shows that natural light not only improves visibility, but also promotes the production of serotonin, a hormone that is responsible for mood and overall well-being. Students in bright classrooms noted that they were more active and engaged in the learning process, which was confirmed by their positive feedback during the survey. This may be because a well-lit space reduces fatigue and improves concentration.
2. Air quality.
The next important factor was the air quality in the classrooms, which had an 8% impact on academic performance. Data collected using sensors showed that in classrooms with adequate ventilation and low carbon dioxide levels, student performance was significantly higher than in classrooms with insufficient ventilation.
The analysis showed that children in poorly ventilated rooms complained more often of headaches and fatigue, which negatively affected their ability to learn. Based on the data collected, we recommend the use of mechanical ventilation systems and
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regular ventilation of classrooms to provide fresh air and improve the overall well-being of students.
3. Noise level.
Acoustic conditions also played a significant role in the educational process, and we recorded that reducing noise levels in classrooms can increase student performance by 6%. Acoustic measurements showed that classrooms with good sound-absorbing finishes (e.g. soft surfaces and sound-absorbing panels) provided a quieter learning environment.
Teachers reported that students were more likely to be distracted and lose concentration in noisy classrooms, which resulted in poorer learning. As a result, classrooms with sound-absorbing materials and appropriate furniture contributed to a more productive learning environment (figure 1).
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Figure 1. Impact of Environmental Factors on Student Performance.
Interestingly, these factors did not act in isolation. In a classroom with high levels of natural light and good air quality, student performance improved even more than in classrooms where only one of these factors was optimized. Thus, our analysis suggests that an integrated approach to learning space design that takes all of these aspects into account can lead to the most significant improvements in learning.
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One of the interesting findings of the study is that connection with nature improves children's mental flexibility. Classrooms with windows overlooking green areas or parks create a sense of calm and comfort in children, which directly affects their ability to learn. This is supported by numerous studies that have shown that students who have the opportunity to interact with nature have higher emotional resilience and better academic outcomes.
When children have access to natural elements in the educational environment, they become more responsible and independent. This builds their ability to care for the environment and supports the development of social skills such as cooperation and teamwork.
A surprising fact is that the design of hallways and other common spaces has less of an impact on academic performance than the design of classrooms, where children spend most of their time. However, this does not mean that the design of common spaces is unimportant. Visual distractions such as bright colors or loud patterns can negatively affect students' concentration. Children in classrooms with minimal visual distractions show higher learning outcomes than those in graphically-rich environments. This highlights the importance of moderation in classroom design (Figure 2).
Figure 2. The room where children spend studying time.
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Hands-on, sensory-based learning has been found to significantly improve retention and engagement. Spaces that encourage experimentation and exploration, especially outdoors, play a key role in the learning process.
Using interactive elements such as learning areas and mazes helps children better perceive and master learning material, which has a positive impact on their academic performance.
Discussion.
The study confirmed the hypothesis that well-designed learning spaces have a positive effect on children's academic performance. For example, increasing the amount of natural light in classrooms not only increased learning but also improved the overall mood of the students, which was also reflected in their positive feedback about the learning process.
The study methods were adequate, but a larger sample could be used to includeincludmore schools and classes to obtain more comprehensive data. Future work could consider how different design approaches can better support the learning process, such as the introduction of technologies that take into account the individual needs of children.
It is also worth noting that the architectural environment influences the development of critical thinking and social responsibility in children. Creating spaces that encourage collaboration and interaction is also an important aspect of the educational process.
Conclusion.
The study confirmed that the architectural design of learning spaces directly affects educational outcomes, which confirms the hypothesis put forward at the beginning of the work. The data obtained showed that well-designed classrooms can increase student achievement by 16% over the course of one academic year. This not only highlights the importance of the physical environment in the educational process, but also indicates the need to integrate new architectural approaches into the design of educational institutions.
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The results of the study revealed that factors such as natural light, air quality, and noise levels have a significant impact on student achievement. The study participants demonstrated an improvement not only in understanding the educational material, but also in their overall mood, which indicates a relationship between the environment and the emotional state of children. These observations indicate that architectural solutions can contribute to the formation of not only physical but also psychological comfort, which is important for effective learning.
The findings of the study raise several new questions. What additional design elements can contribute to further improvement of educational outcomes? How exactly can different teaching methods be integrated into the physical space? The answers to these questions can form the basis for future hypotheses aimed at exploring the relationship between architecture and education in more depth.
Based on the results obtained, specific directions for further research can be proposed. The impact of a wider range of architectural solutions should be studied, including flexible spaces, multifunctional zones, and the use of technologies that can adapt to different educational approaches. The impact of design not only on elementary grades, but also on high school and university students should be considered. In the future, these studies can lead to the creation of even more effective educational environments that will promote critical thinking, independence, and responsibility in children.
Thus, in conclusion, it can be said that the architecture of learning spaces plays a key role in the educational process, and further research on this topic can lead to significant improvements in the field of education.
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СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ:
1. Buck, R., Lawson, P. Modern methods of designing preschool institutions. -Moscow: Izdatelstvo Akademiia, 2018. - 256 p;
2. Taylor, S. The role of natural elements in the architecture of kindergartens. - St. Petersburg: Piter, 2019. - 310 p;
3. James, H. Evolution of planning solutions in children's educational institutions. - Moscow: Izdatelstvo Vysshaya Shkola, 2020. - 180 p;
4. Muller, L., Grayson, P. Innovative architectural solutions for kindergartens. -London: Taylor & Francis, 2021. - 290 p;
5. Nixon, E., Hall, K. Sustainable design of preschool institutions. - New York: Springer, 2019. - 200 p
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