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7CENTRAL ASIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (CARJIS) ilmiy jurnali bilan hamkorlikda.
ANALYSIS OF MINERAL POWDERS USED IN THE PREPARATION OF
ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS.
Kholikova Marjona Abduvaid kizi student, Termez Engineering and Technology Institute, Termez.
Marifova Nargiza Makhmud kizi student, Termez Engineering and Technology Institute, Termez. marj onaxoliqova71 @gmail .com ANNOTATION
The study and analysis of mineral dust in asphalt pavements in Uzbekistan, the improvement of the quality of asphalt pavements using various sedimentary rocks.
Keywords: mineral, ore, copper, diamond, graphite, calcite, aragonite, amethyst, citrine, chalcedony, series, indium, cadmium, gallium, selenium, thallium, rhenium, rubidium, stone, powder.
Introduction. Mineral (French: mineral - ore) - A natural body formed by physicochemical processes inside and outside the Earth (and other cosmic bodies) with similar chemical composition and physical properties; mainly rocks, ores, and meteorites. Minerals are mostly solids; in rare cases, liquid minerals (e.g., button mercury) are also found. The minerality of water is debatable, but ice is considered a mineral. Crystalline, amorphous (metacolloids) and crystalline-like, but amorphous, vitreous metamictic minerals differ. Each mineral (mineral type) is a modification of the mass of a natural compound with a specific composition and only a specific crystal structure (eg diamond-graphite, calcite-aragonite), but a mineral with a different crystal structure belongs to a different type of mineral; on the contrary, the isomorphic cathores of a mineral (eg, olivines, tungstenites, columbites) that change within a certain boundary but have a permanent structure belong to the same mineral type. Minor changes in the chemical composition of certain properties or morphological features do not differ sharply in the mineral structure, but are called mineral types (eg, quartz types - rock crystal, amethyst, citrine, chalcedony). If the phenomenon of polymorphism is related to changes in temperature and pressure, then the polytype of the mineral is probably related to the growth conditions of the crystals. A comparative study of the structural defects, polytypes, and other deviations of minerals relative to the ideal structure makes it possible to determine the thermodynamic conditions for the formation of minerals. chemical composition, formula and classification of minerals. The importance of chemical elements in the structure of a mineral varies: some are leading and determine the basic composition of the mineral; others are close to their bases in properties and atomic (ionic) structures, and occur in the mineral as isomorphic (see Isomorphism) in the form of mixtures (e.g., series, indium, cadmium, gallium, selenium, thallium, rhenium, rubidium, and many rare earth elements). The complexity
CENTRAL ASIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (CARJIS) ilmiy jurnali bilan hamkorlikda. and instability of the mineral composition is due to the phenomenon of isomorphism, submicroscopic inclusions, as well as the phenomenon of sorption. Submicroscopic inclusions in a mineral can occur in the following cases: as a result of retention of dispersed mixtures during crystallization of solution, mixture and other media (eg, gaseous-liquid inclusions in quartz, hematite inclusions in feldspar); decomposition of solid mixtures as a result of changes in temperature conditions (formation of pertites in feldspars, decomposition of complex sulfides and complex oxides); in metamic change; when one mineral is replaced by another or as a result of secondary changes.
Many minerals (eg magnetite) always contain particles of various additives [1].
1-rasm Turlixil mineralllar to'plami.
Methodology: For the preparation of asphalt concrete mixes it is necessary to use crushed stone made of crushed natural stone, as well as crushed stone and gravel made of gravel, metallurgical slag. Metallurgy (Greek: metallurgeo) is the study of the extraction of metals from ores or metal-containing substances and the "transfer" of properties to metal alloys; industrial sector. These materials must meet the requirements of GOST 8267-75, GOST 10260-74, GOST 3344-73, GOST 8268-74, respectively. for asphalt concretes used in the subgrade of the pavement, the crushing strength of crushed stone grades in blasted and metamorphic rocks shall not be less than 800, and those obtained from sedimentary rocks shall not be less than 600. Pebbles from metallurgical slag belong to 3-4 classes. The gravel and the gravel itself are produced in Dr12-Dr16 grades. In cold and temperate climates, the number of cycles should be 2.5 to 15 for cold tolerance testing. In the preparation of asphalt concrete mixes, crushed stone or gravel sorted by fractions should be used as follows: 20-40; 10-20; 10-15; 5 / 3-23; 5/3 / -15; 5/3 / -10mm [2].
Analysis and results: Adhesive (GOST 11954-66 and GOST 5.1721-74) and liquid (GOST 11955-74) bitumens are used as binders for the preparation of asphalt concrete mixtures. The bitumen grade is selected taking into account the type of asphalt concrete, climatic conditions and the category of normative loads shown in the table. For grades III and IV hot asphalt concrete mixes, as well as for mixtures intended for
CENTRAL ASIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (CARJIS) ilmiy jurnali bilan hamkorlikda. construction of substrates, GOST 1544-52 the use of bitumens that meet the requirements of Surfactants should be added to the bitumen to ensure that the bitumen mixes with the mineral part as required. For asphalt concrete mixes, fine-grained "seeming" rocks - limestone, dolomite, limestone-shells, bituminous limestone and dolomites, as well as basic metallurgical slags and pulverized industrial wastes are used in the ash of TEQ, dust from cement plants. To improve the quality of the asphalt concrete mix, it is recommended to use activated mineral powder, which is mainly absorbed along with the activating material of carbonate rocks. The total amount of active materials should not exceed 1.5-2.5% by weight of mineral powder. Mineral powders should be dry, soft, flaky, and activated powders should also be homogeneous and hydrobop in color.
Discussions: Depending on the density, there are light (up to 2500 kg / m3), medium (2500 to 4000 kg / m3), heavy (4000 to 8000 kg / m3) and very heavy (over 8000 kg / m3) minerals. The density of a mineral depends on the mass of the atoms or ions in the crystal structure and their location, the addition of additional anions and water. Abu Rayhan al-Biruni also paid great attention to the physical properties of the mineral, and determined the specific gravity of the minerals and gems known at that time, and based on this classification of minerals. The information provided by Beruni is almost identical to the current one. Mechanical properties include hardness, brittleness, elongation, plane of bonding, fracture surface appearance, flexibility, and elasticity. When minerals are first studied, their relative hardness is usually determined according to the Moss scale. The plane of connection is perfect, perfect, average, and imperfect. This occurs on the surface of the mineral in a certain direction. Optical properties. The color, luster, transparency, refraction, reflection, pleochroism, and other properties of a mineral can be studied in the ultraviolet and infrared rays of the spectrum with the help of an optical microscope in some parts of the mineral grains (see Crystalloptics) [3].
Conclusion. Today, the quality of mineral powder, one of the four components in the construction of asphalt pavements, is also important. Mineral powders can be obtained from various sedimentary rocks. Asphalt pavements should be made of quality materials and laid in accordance with the requirements of the established normative documents. Mineral powder also plays an important role in improving the quality and service life of our asphalt pavements. It should be noted that today it is advisable to make changes in the construction of our asphalt pavements and the use of foreign technologies to introduce a variety of materials.
CENTRAL ASIAN RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES (CARJIS) ilmiy jurnali bilan hamkorlikda.
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