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11ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
UDK372.857
Shakhmurova Gulnara Abdullaeyvna1 and Kartashova Natalia Sergeevna2
1 Professor, doctor of biological sciences, head of the department of "Zoology and anatomy",
Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, 2Associate Professor at the Department of Biology and Ecology Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Tula State Pedagogical University named after L.N. Tolstoy
AN EDUCATION OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE OF STUDENTS IN THE CONDITIONS OF
PROFESSIONAL TRAINING
Abstract. Currently, the development of ecological education of youth is a topical issue. Organization of appropriate conditions for the formation of environmental culture among students is in the first place. A high level of environmental education should become a significant criterion for a future specialist in biology. The process of ecological education of a student-biologist is considered. The content of "ecological culture" is revealed, as well as the conditions, contributing to its improvement.
Key words: ecological culture, education, factors, specialist, environment, methods, conditions, improvement, criteria, field practice.
A current society is in dire need of improving knowledge and proper preparation for future professional activities, as well as motivational readiness for independent actions to protect the natural environment. The ecological culture of students in pedagogical universities implies a set of ecological knowledge, personal meanings of attitudes towards living organisms as values, and an orientation towards a constructive transformation of reality from the standpoint of nature conservation. The components of the ecological culture of students are ecological education, ecological awareness, ecological activity and professional training, which ensure the professional position of the future specialist.
The main aspects of the formation of environmental education of students is the process aimed at deepening theoretical knowledge about the relationship between professional and environmental activities, the development of environmental concepts, responsibility, as well as understanding of the inextricable connection between human and nature.
Getting environmental education in the right direction is one of the important issues of the education system. As mandatory components of environmental education, we highlight not only the acquisition of knowledge, skills and abilities in ecology, but also the formation of responsibility, an environmentally competent person, and the adoption of environmentally competent decisions in the process of human life, which should be closely intertwined with another component of ecological culture - professional training of students.
Environmental culture is a part of a general culture that manifested in the sphere of human interaction with nature. It based on a special system of environmental values, leading of which is the harmony of man and nature, allowing in the aspect of the harmonious development of society and the biosphere, to carry out
interrelated activities for the use, preservation and reproduction of the vital forces of nature [5].
The level of environmental knowledge, the level of environmental thinking, the level of culture of feelings and emotions, the culture of environmentally conscious behavior, in which environmental knowledge, thinking, feelings and emotions are transformed into habitual norms of behavior, moral principles and moral convictions [6]. The humanistic approach presupposes a humane attitude towards nature, which can be most productively realized through environmental education and upbringing [1].
Full life self-realization of a person is possible, if a person has a life goal, realizes his abilities and interests, possesses knowledge, skills, experiences and creative abilities that allow him to fully realize himself in activities and social relations, he is capable of purposeful volitional efforts, feels like a part of the human community and a part of nature [4].
"Ecological culture is a generalized characteristic of personal qualities, which reflects the process and result of the formation of the ecological consciousness of an individual. Moreover, it presupposes an indissoluble unity between the totality of knowledge, ideas about nature, emotional-sensual and value attitudes towards it and the corresponding skills, experience, needs of interaction with it, based on the harmonization of relationships in the "nature-man" system [2].
Students in universities are gradually becoming involved in research activities, in creative solutions to many problems in the field of ecology. It is research work that it gives rise to the formation of ecological culture. One of the main pedagogical conditions for improving environmental education is the maintenance of research activities.
A high level of environmental education should become an important qualification criterion for a
university teacher in the future. Every professional must have an environmental ethic. Formation of a respectful attitude to nature, a correct understanding of it and the ability to choose an appropriate strategy of action are the main tasks of teachers [3]. The role of the teacher is also changing radically, which it should turn for a student from a passive participant into an active in the upbringing process, and we can see the original and creative teacher with a highly developed ecological culture. As a result, we can observe a change in the role of education in the world. It will take an important place in the socio-economic development of the country. Environmental awareness provides a real opportunity to develop and transform both our present and future.
Natural sciences play an important role in formation of environmental awareness. We cognize nature through the system of sciences, since physics, biology, chemistry, geography. The educational and upbringing potential of natural disciplines is considered as the main means of fostering ecological culture and training a professional specialist.
Field practice in the field of botany, zoology, genetics contributes to the improvement of environmental education. Involvement of students in fieldwork makes it possible to study more deeply the vital activity of living organisms, their characteristics of reproduction and behavior, as well as to realize the close relationship with them.
The environmental situation in the country, the needs of students in the environmental field, the level of environmental culture of society, the attitude of students to environmental education are the main factors influencing the formation of environmental competence in the university.
In what cases can we consider that there is an ineffective environmental training in universities? Firstly, the low level of school environmental education, as well as the lack of teaching aids and technical teaching aids. Secondly, the discrepancy between theoretical, practical and motivational criteria.
Let us separate the criteria of the ecological culture of students:
> availability of fundamental ecological knowledge and ideas, as well as skills of interaction with natural objects;
> the formation of a system of beliefs and values that characterize the attitude of an individual to nature;
> carrying out scientific research on environmental issues;
> understanding the responsibility of a future specialist for the results of his professional activity in connection with the preservation of harmonious relations in the system nature - human - society;
> Constant need for communication with nature
[7].
At present, there is a critical situation, which everyone should think about what he could do to improve and perfect the state of the environment.
Because of the growing ecological crisis, it becomes expedient to include in the structure of the components of the professional competence of each specialist of the ecological component.
The main reasons for the formation of ecological culture are the threat of an ecological catastrophe, the formation of a new system of human values, as well as an irresponsible and rude attitude towards the environment.
The main forms of environmental education:
- Environmentally oriented, these include psychological trainings, environmental events, discussions, various games;
- Nature protection (ecological actions, planting);
- Projecting-research forms (ecological Olympiads, summer workshops, the creation of ecological projects);
- Educational forms (information hours, issue of an ecological leaflet, theatrical events);
- Ecological and local history forms (excursions, travel, school ecological museum, and living corner) [8].
To develop students' value attitude to the living world, we need certain conditions that will contribute to the further improvement of the personality.
Let us name a few of them: the ability to combine methods and techniques in the upbringing process, raising the level of ecological upbringing among parents and teachers themselves, the obligatory implementation of practical measures for environmental protection, systematic and continuous ecological education.
In the future, ecological culture will allow the student to make the right decisions in his professional activities, soberly see the situation and find an appropriate way to improve the results.
In the classroom, the student should not only receive the necessary information in the field of ecology, but also have a meaningful attitude to environmental problems. For this, teachers must explain the importance of environmental education in an accessible scientific language using appropriate methods and techniques.
Plants and animals are important components of wildlife. The formation of oxygen is a process of vital activity of plants, without which life would not exist; therefore, everyone should have information about all rare and endangered species of plants and animals at least in their region, as well as measures to protect the environment from pollution. As a result, students will have a general idea of plants and animals listed in the Red Book of Uzbekistan, the reasons for their decline and disappearance, environmental problems and, in the future, they will help to reduce the negative impact of factors on the environment.
We consider several methods of consolidating the material in ecology classes in Tables 1, 2 and 3:
■
Table 3
Fill the table
Ecological problem Ways to solve the problem
1. Global warming
2. Destruction of the ozone layer
3. Air pollution
4. Reducing biodiversity
5. Depletion of natural resources
6. Lack of drinking water
7. Pollution of the World Ocean
Each of us knows very well the role of anthropogenic factors. Knowledge and correct interpretation of these factors in the future will help students to correctly assess the current situation and determine the causes of the problem.
In ecology classes, the teacher must be able to correctly characterize each of these factors, so that students can use knowledge in this area in their specialty. We consider anthropogenic factors affecting the environment in Table 4 and Figure 1:
Table 4
Anthropogenic factors
Factors Description
1.Chemical a) the use of mineral fertilizers and toxic chemicals, air smoke from industry and transport
2.Biological b) food products; man can be the main host for many organisms
3. Physical c) noise and vibration, use of atomic energy
4. Social d) Human relationships and social life
The problem of the drying up of the Aral Sea
▼
Figure 1
Water withdrawal into canals for economic purposes
▼
Lowering the water table
▼
Changing of the climate
Environmental education had been introduced purposefully into the program in the natural direction at the pedagogical university. It is necessary for future teachers, because they will instill in students a humane and rational attitude to the environment around us.
Thus, we must not forget that human is an integral part of nature. Ecological culture should be present in each of us, because this will help develop and move forward, and take appropriate action to address global environmental problems.
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Shulhina Olena,
Leading Legal Adviser
Department of Regulatory and Legal Support, State Employment Center Legal Department;
PhD student, Department of Public Administration and Project Management Educational and Scientific Institute of Management and Psychology SIHE «University of Educational Management». Kyiv, Ukraine.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-273X
PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE LEGAL CULTURE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATORS
OF THE STATE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE
DOI: 10.31618/ESSA.2782-1994.2022.2.77.240 Annotation. In the article the state of illumination of problem of development of legal culture of pedagogical workers of centers of vocational formation of Government service of employment is analysed in pedagogical literature. On the basis of analysis of pedagogical and legal literature drawn conclusion that legal education and legal education can be examined as basic factors of forming of legal responsibility of teachers. It is set that professionally-legal culture of teacher - this thorough and all-round knowledge of laws and normative acts, sources of right, on that he must lean, creation of educational environment, understanding of principles of right by the participants of pedagogical process and methods of the legal adjusting of the relations, professional attitude toward a right and practical worker of his application in an educational process in severe accordance with legal or administrative principles of legality, id est a high degree of property of law is on concrete professional pedagogical practice. It is wellproven that pedagogical terms influence on the level of the legal breeding of pedagogical workers, on forming for them of legal culture. Certainly, that the pedagogical terms of development of legal culture of pedagogical workers of centers of vocational formation of Government service of employment show a soba the complex of the components (legal, social, personal et al) aimed at forming of legal responsibility of teacher. Certainly and the structural components of legal culture are reasonable, namely: legal knowledge, legal options, legal behavior, attitude toward a right, not desire to bear the legal responsibility, legal confidence.
Keywords: pedagogical workers, center of vocational formation of government service of employment, pedagogical terms, legal culture.
The Constitution of Ukraine regulates as a priority the legal support of the processes that accompany state formation. Also, it is emphasized on "protection of rights and freedoms of every person, and their guarantees determine the basic content and state orientation" [2]. However, it is well known that any state is created and strengthened by the activities of its citizens. Therefore, the development level of Ukraine as a state governed by the rule of law depends on the formation of legal culture and legal consciousness of each society member.
Some international documents on human rights protection, and the implementation of the Laws of Ukraine "On Education", "On Higher Education", "On General Secondary Education", and many other regulations were adopted in Ukraine. This legislation requires from both heads of educational institutions and each educator the ability and willingness to perform
their professional duties taking into account the legal requirements and responsibilities of all participants in the educational process.
Thus, the legal culture of the citizen becomes relevant and an integral part of the content and technology of professional activity for all society members and educators in particular. In regards to the above-mentioned problem special attention is paid to educators from the Vocational Education Centers (hereinafter - VEC) of the State Employment Service. Namely, there is a need to justify the pedagogical conditions for the legal culture development of educators from the Vocational Education Centers of the State Employment Service.
The legal culture of the individual has always been researched by many scientists, in particular: theoretical and methodological aspects of legal culture as a specific socially determined phenomenon are presented
