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social reasons in the form of perpetual differentiation of social and economic, political and other relations in the society (subject criterion) and internal prerequisites having strictly legal nature in the form of the need for procedure realization, functional division of regulative and legal instructions etc. Nevertheless, the presence of special legal prerequisites, the need for differentiation in legal matter, is primarily predetermined by the very
objectively formed social relations, the degree of their diversity and complexity. The process of differentiation distinguishes all new elements in the structure of law in the form of response reaction to constant increase of diversity in the system of regulated relations. Differentiation acts as a necessary satellite of the legal progress, ensures the balance between the community and detalization of the mechanism of legal impact.
References:
1. Alekseev S. S. Differentiation of civil and legal regulation in a socialist society//Soviet state and law. - 1960. № 12;
2. Alekseev S. S. Structure of the Soviet law. - M.: Legal literature, 1975.
3. Baru M. I. Unification and differentiation ofthe norms oflabor law//Soviet state and law. - 1971. № 10. P. 48-50;
4. Gromov I. A., Matskevich A.Yu., Semenov V. A. Western theoretic sociology. - M., 2006.
5. Durkheim E. Sociology. Its subject, method and purpose. - M., 2005.
6. North D. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. - M., 1997.
7. Parsons T. About the structure of social impact. - M., 2000.
8. Polenina S. V. Theoretical problems of Soviet legislation system. - M.: Published by «Nauka», 1979.
9. Senyakin I. N. Specialization and unification of Russian legislation. Problems of theory and practice/Edited by M. I. Baitin. - Saratov: Published by Saratov University, 1993.
10. Spencer H. The bases of sociology. Part I-VIII. Translated from English. - SPb., 1876, 1877, 1898.
11. Syrykh V. M. Logical bases of general theory of law in 3 volumes. V.3. Modern understanding of law. - M.: ^AP, 2007.
12. Philosophical encyclopedia dictionary. - M., 1983.
Sadikov Allayar Adilbaevich, Karakalpak State University 2nd course student, the department of history and law. E-mail: [email protected]
Administrative and territorial structure, state system and social-economic situation of Karakalpakstan
Abstract: In this article given administrative and territorial structure, state system and social-economic situation of Karakalpakstan. And said about a little karakalpak historical places and outstanding people.
Keywords: Amudarya, Sulton-Uvays, Jokargi Kenes, Council of Ministers, Chilpyk, Nukus, Kungrad Soda, karakalpakstan jaslari.
Karakalpakstan is located in the north-western part of Uzbekistan, in the lower reaches of the Amudarya river and the southern shores of the Aral sea. Karakalpakstan occupies a territory of 166.6 thousand square kilometers and thus. Karakalpakstan borders with the Republic of Kazakhstan in the north and west, the Navoi region in the east, Khorezm and the Bukhara regions in the southeast and with Turkmenistan in the south.
The Sulton-Uvays Mountain Range is the largest among other mountain ranges. On the foothills of the Sulton-Uvays is the Baday-Tugay Park. The Amu Darya (the lower streams) is the only river that flows through
the given area. Its wide delta is very rich in reeds. There are many streams, lakes and swamplands in the river delta with major agricultural areas and irrigation canals located on its right shore. There are a variety of natural resources such as gas, iron, phosphorus, bentonite and kaolin clay, salt, marble, and granite. Climate is typically continental with dry and hot summers and relatively cold winters. The general rainfall is in autumn and spring.
It has highest footprint of all areas of the republic of Uzbekistan. It is population exceeds more than 1 million 736,5 thousand people (2014 year 1 january esti-
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Administrative and territorial structure, state system and social-economic situation of Karakalpakstan
mate). The administrative territorial structure of the glikul, Muynak, Nukus, Takhtakupir, Turtkul, Khodjeyli,
republic consists of 14 districts and 2 cities. There are Chimbay, Shumanay, Ellikkala and the cities of Nukus
Amudarya, Beruniy, Karauzyak, Kegeyli, Kungrad, Kan- and Takhiatash.
The republic of Karakalpakstan has its own constitution, which doesn’t contradict with that of the republic of Uzbekistan. The constitution of the republic of Karakalpakstan was adopted on April 9,1993. The republic of Karakalpakstan has its state emblem, flag and anthem.
Karakalpakstan is a sovereign republic within the republic of Uzbekistan with a parliamentary from a government.
The Jokargi Kenes (parliament) of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is the legislative body of the state, which consists of deputies, elected from territorial districts of the Republic, on a multiparty basis for a five year term. The Chairman of the Jokargi Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan becomes a deputy of the Oliy Majlis (parliament) of the Republic of Uzbekistan and is elected to the post of Deputy Chairman of Oliy Majlis. The Jokargi Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan has the right to nominate a candidate from each electoral district on its territory as deputy to the Oliy Majlis of Uzbekistan. Also, it has the right to legislative initiative during sessions. In the last elections to the bicameral parliament and local kengashes of people’s deputies the Republic of Karakalpakstan elected: 6 members of the Senate of the Oliy Majlis, 8 deputies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis,65 deputies to the Jokargi Kenes (parliament) of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. [1, 24-26]
The Council of Ministers, approved by the Jokargi Kenes of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, is the highest executive body in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan consists of a Chairman, Deputies of the Chairman, Ministers, Heads of State Committees, as well as the heads of major state companies and associations. Due to position that he/she holds, the Chairman of Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is included to the Cabinet ofMinisters of the Republic of Uzbekistan. There is a permanent representation of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan to the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Tashkent.
The judiciary in the Republic of Karakalpakstan is independent from legislative and executive branches of power as well as political parties, and other public associations. Judges are elected for a five-year term. [1, 27-38]
In Karakalpakstan the agriculture well developed. There grows: cotton, rice, melons, watermelons, vegetables, karakul sheep, and cattle.
Karakalpakstan is also rich in natural resources, including rich flora and fauna, hydro resources, hydro carbonic resources, and also minerals and various treasures of the soil. Very rich oil fields and gas reserves have also been discovered. In this respect the Ustyurt plateau is very promising. There are also large deposits
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of gold, iron, phosphorus, molybdenum, granite, marble, color sand, lime among others.
In Karakalpakstan has a lot of historical places and cities. They are taking tourists attention with its history and its ancient. We can say Gyaur-Kala,
Ayaz-Kala, Toprak-Kala, Koy-Krylgan-kala, Chilpyk, Janbas-Kala, Mizdakhan and etc, like this places and cities. [2, 11,23,50]
They speak Kara Kalpak, a language belonging to the Kipchak subgroup of the Altai family of the Turkic group of languages. Ethnically they are connected to the tribes that once inhabited the desert areas of the Syr Darya and the outskirts of the Aral Sea. During the 16th and mid-18th centuries, the majority of Kara-Kalpaks lived on the mid and lower streams of the Syr Darya River. With their semi-nomadic lifestyle, they irrigated the land, farmed, kept livestock, and fished, while during the second half of the 18th century most Kara-Kalpaks resettled in the Syr Darya delta, flowing west — Jana Darya. The traditional occupation of the Kara-Kalpaks, livestock farming, is in harmony with agriculture and fishing. In the 19th century, the resettlement of Kara-Kalpaks to the Amu Darya Delta was completed.
The Kara- Kalpak Autonomous oblast (province) was established in 1924 and became part of the Kazakhstan SSR. Later, in 1930, the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous oblast joined the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republics. In 1932 the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous oblast was restructured into the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Republic and was finally incorporated into Uzbekistan in 1936.
The traditional food of the Kara-Kalpaks is fruit and vegetables, meat and fish. Of course, traditional Kara-Kalpak cuisine is enriched with dishes of other nations, but even these new meals are adapted to suit traditional tastes.
The history of the unique handicrafts of the KaraKalpak people goes back centuries. From ancient times, the art of wood engraving, leather processing, weaving and embroidery arc highly developed. The decorations of Kara-Kalpak yurtas include carpets, stair-carpets, rugs,
loom-work of soft brown, purple, soft green, and yellow colors. The traditions of the Kara-Kalpak applied art have been preserved until today.
The history of the Kara-Kalpak nation is rich and ancient. Its national culture, unique, classic literature, customs and traditions are well known beyond its borders. Popular legends such as “Alpomysh”, “Kyrk kyz”, “Koblan" are the literary reflection of the rich history of the KaraKalpak nation. Through the centuries, classical poets such as Jien Jirau, Ajiniyaz, Berdakh, Otesh, A. Musaev, J. Aymurzaev produced poetry, and other writings. The works of Ibragim Yusupov, Tulepbergen Kayipbergenov, and Tilovbergen Jumamuratov are well known outside the Republic, as well. [3, 104-134]. Famous scientists such as Sobir Kamolov, Marat Nurmuhammedov, and Charjoy Abdirov have made significant contributions to the development of science in Uzbekistan.
Modern Karakalpakstan is a republic with a developed economy. The main branches of economy are connected with reprocessing of agricultural products. The cotton reprocessing is the leading branch of industry. The oil refinement and cottonseed reprocessing are two closely related industries. The largest industries of the Republic: are the Takhiatash Hydro Electricity Station, Kungrad Soda Manufacturing Plant, as well as joint ventures “Cateks” and “Elteks”.
Education is also considered very important. At present more than 754 secondary schools, 10 academic lyceums, 91 professional colleges, a university, a pedagogical institute and 4 university branches in Karakal-pakstan.
There are more than 440 NGO’s registered in Kara-kalpakstan. There is also a news agency and 45 publications in print such as “Amu Tongi”, “Erkin Qaraqalpaqstan”, “Vesti Karakalpakstana”, and “Istiqlol va qonun”, “Qaraqalpaqstan jaslari”, “Sawda press” and others.
In 2009, the first radio station of Karakalpakstan was opened. The station is called Nukus FM, which broadcasts on radio wave 100.4 MHz and only in Nukus. The radio doesn’t broadcast online, but one can listen to the samples online on the music website of Karakalpakstan.
References:
1. The Constitution of Karakalpakstan. - N.: Qaraqalpaqstan, 2014.
2. Xojaniyazov G’, Hakimniyazov J Qaraqalpaqstan a’jayip jeti esteligi. - N.: Bilim, 2004.
3. Mambetniyazov T, Bekbergenova Z, Mambetniyazova M XX a’sirdegi Qaraqalpaq a’debiyati. - N.: Bilim, 2006.
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