CC BY
14PHYSICAL SCIENCES
ACHIEVEMENTS OF KAZAKHSTAN SCIENCE ON THE FIELDS OF RESEARCH
Yeleussinov B.
professor, Branch JBC «National Nraining Center «Orleu», Departament of scientific and natural discipline, Kyzylorda city, Respublica of Kazakhstan
Makhmutov B. head of Scientific Research Department «National Center for Biotechnology» of Committee Sciences of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of GazaGstan, Candidate of chemical sciences, Astana city, Respublica of GazaGstan
Mahanbetov O.
magistr of physics Branch JBC «National Training Center «Orleu» Department of scientific and natural discipline, Kyzylorda city, Respublica of GazaGstan
Ormanov U.
magistr of physics Branch JBC «National Nraining Center «Orleu», Departament of scientific and natural discipline, Kyzylorda city, Respublica of Kazakhstan
Abstract
The article presents concrete information on the achievements of Kazakhstan's science branches and on the introduction into the production, rational use and perspective development of the results of fundamental research within the framework of different programs.
Keywords: kazakhstan science, achievements of Kazakhstan's science branches.
The modern system of education and science and scientific-technical policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan are undergoing a lot of complicated and serious changes. This, first of all, is connected with the realities of state reform in these areas at the present stage. Reforming the system of higher education, science and technology, as is known, is directly related to the political, economic and social integrity of our state. Thus, during the twenty-five-year period of Kazakhstan's independence, the country underwent cardinal changes in all spheres of the economy, which led to unprecedented economic growth. However, many problems that need to be solved pose new challenges for the country.
The achievements of science, its discovery and implementation of their results in production, the increase on this basis of the share of science-intensive products in its total output and revenues to the country's domestic market and world market is the leading trend of the 21st century.
In 2016, the JSC "National Center for State Scientific and Technical Expertise" (NTSCNTE) carried out an examination of 2119 scientific, scientific and technical projects and programs, reports. Including:
- 370 scientific and technical projects and programs within the framework of program-target and grant financing, including 50 applications for Nazarba-yev University projects and 261 applications for commercialization;
- 1,749 interim and final reports on the implementation of scientific, scientific and technical projects funded in the framework of grant and program-targeted funding.
The largest scientific research was carried out within the framework of program-targeted financing. In
total in 2016r. 110 scientific and technical programs were implemented, including in priority areas:
- Rational use of natural resources, processing of raw materials and products - 39,
- Power engineering and machine building - 11,
- Information and telecommunication technologies - 7,
- Life Sciences - 40,
- Intellectual potential of the country - 13.
In 2016, within the framework of these scientific and technical programs, the following significant scientific results were obtained.
The research areas of high-impact studies on the evaluation of the expertise carried out at the NCNCPE covered mainly the fundamental fields of physical, chemical sciences and biology, in the field of applied research - metallurgy, energy, medicine and agriculture.
In the field of mining and metallurgy, as part of the program "Enrichment and processing of difficult-to-degrease and low-quality raw materials" (executor: JSC "Scientific and Technological Center" Parasat "), the technology was first developed and continuously operating equipment for demercurization of waste coals, gold extractive enterprises in a vacuum. The calculation of the material balance of the distribution of mercury on the products of processing of spent coal sorbents has shown that mercury almost completely (99.4%) passes into the condensate. The mercury content in processing products (cinder, dust, waste gases and sewage) does not exceed the MPC limit. This technology and vibrovacuum installation have no analogues in the world practice and are highly productive and environmentally safe.
Within the framework of the program "Scientific and technological support of rational use of mineral and raw materials and technogenic wastes of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy with production of products demanded by domestic industry" ("Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh.Abishev" of the National Center for Complex Processing of Mineral Raw Materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan RK WORLD) for the first time the production of a new boron-containing ferroalloy by means of a silicobarium discharge from an ore-thermal furnace w to a predetermined calcined colemanite. Received 5 tons of new alloy. The technology of obtaining a complex alloy of KAMS (aluminosilicomanganese with calcium) has also been developed. His experimental batch in the amount of 102, 4 kg.
A technological and instrumental scheme for the electrolytic production of copper nanosilicate has been developed. For the first time, bench-and-half-industrial tests of the technology for obtaining nanodispersed copper silicate powder with a particle size of 50 nm were carried out.
The novelty of the works carried out under the program "Scientific and technological rationale for the development of difficult-to-digest oxidized ores of non-ferrous metals for 2015-2017" is the development of a comprehensive technology for processing lead-zinc oxidized ores that allows the extraction of barium, silver, lead, zinc in commodity products with high technical-economic indicators, as well as to preserve the environment through the use of environmentally friendly technology that eliminates toxic emissions.
For the first time, physico-chemical studies of products of high-temperature reduction of zinc from batch with different mass ratio of ore: dust were carried out. Processing together with a rich ore dust blast furnace gas fusion blasting with a zinc content of more than 10% allows us to significantly extend the operating time of the Shaimerden deposit of oxidized zinc ore while maintaining high profitability of the wets. In addition, blast furnace gas purification dust contains about 50% of iron, which will eliminate the addition of iron ore concentrate from the charge. The results obtained in the implementation of this program will allow to develop an efficient technology for the joint processing of oxidized zinc ore of the Shaimerden field with zinc-containing dusts of gas cleaning of blast furnace smelting at the West Siberian Metallurgical Combine.
In the field of drug development, the program for basic research "New Biologically Active Compounds from Plants and Their Synthetic Analogues" (JSC "International Research and Production Holding" Phyto-chemistry ") was the first to receive new natural compounds that can be used as promising sources for obtaining original medicinal substances , and also as standard samples of medicinal substances for the step-wise control of pharmaceutical production. Thus, an optimized method for isolating and purifying the substance of harmin from harmal common has been introduced into the pilot production of Karaganda Pharmaceutical Plant LLP. A method for the preparation of 2-(bromalkoxy) - and the corresponding 2- (azidoalkoxy)
chalcones from pinostrobin was first developed and the possibility of using them in the synthesis of "coumarin-chalcone" hybrids was studied. As a result of X-ray diffraction study, the spatial structure of 14 molecules of natural compounds was first established. This information is included in the Cambridge Structural Data Bank.
For the first time, a laboratory regulation was developed for the process for the production of hydra-zonapineostrobin, which has a high antioxidant activity.
In the field of energy, as a result of research on the program "Development of Atomic Energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan" (National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan), methods and programs for modeling technogenic changes in the geological environment have been developed based on the results of atmospheric chemistry surveys on the surface.
For the first time in the Republic of Kazakhstan, methodical guidelines for determining and obtaining dose loads from radon isotope 222Rn have been developed. Approbation of these instructions was carried out on a concrete example of the inhabitants of the village of. Kalachi Akmola region. It is known that in 2014 -2015. in this village there was a resonant event, the so-called "sleep syndrome". The NNC RK staff determined the possible involvement of natural radionu-clides, in particular, 222Rn.
In the field of engineering in the framework of the program "Creation and organization of the scientific center" 3Dprinting "(Institute of Combustion Problems) for the first time in Kazakhstan, work is underway to produce domestic 3D printers for working with plastic and building houses of concrete. The first domestic color 3D printer for printing plastic products was developed and manufactured. The test and testing of the 3D printer was successful and a test piece made of plastic was obtained. A plant with 5 degrees of freedom has been designed and manufactured for drilling fine details of iron with special precision, as well as a hard metal extruder for working with concrete. A general technological scheme of a 3D printer for the construction of carcasses of a house made of concrete has been developed. The mechanism of a color 3D printer has been worked out, the software has been modified by mastering new platforms for writing and debugging programs.
In the field of medicine, for the first time, a dose-based environmental burden on the population of the Aral Sea region, determining the occurrence of ecologically dependent diseases, has been revealed for the first time in the framework of the program "Integrated approaches to managing the health of the population of the Aral Sea region" (National Center for Occupational Health and Occupational Diseases). It was established that in the studied settlements the water of open reservoirs, as well as the soil and bottom sediments, contained increased concentrations of sulfates and pathogens of parasitic infestations. In the adult population, the level of diseases was higher than the average for blood diseases, digestive organs and the nervous system. A high level of infant mortality has been identified.
The connection of cancer morbidity (cancer of the esophagus, stomach, liver) is established with the presence of chlorides, sulfates and metals in the medium. Violations of the male and female reproductive system and humoral immunity, decrease in body length in children, development of functional disorders of SSS and GIT, iron deficiency anemia, bronchial asthma were revealed in children. Recommendations have been developed for the prevention, correction and rehabilitation of the population living in the environment of the Pri-aralye region.
The results of the program "Development of trans-lational and personalized medicine for creating the foundations of the biomedical industry in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2014-2016" (Nazarbayev University) are new in the context of world research on the problem of creating biopharmaceuticals.
In Nazarbayev University, the effects of hypoxia on the formation of erythrocytes from induced human pluripotent stem cells were studied for the first time. As the results of preclinical studies have shown, the use of heparin-conjugated fibrin hydrogel (HCGF) in the development of a cell-implant system using stem cells of the periosteum facilitates a significant acceleration of the regeneration process with complete recovery of bone defect and consolidation at week 12.
In the field of agro-industrial complex, within the framework of the program O.0750 "Creation of a stable forage base of intensive livestock production based on the development of field feed production based on the principles of" green "agriculture" (Kazakh Research Institute of Animal Husbandry and Feed Production), a model for creating highly productive forested and irrigated lands lands with the use of "green" agrotechnologies. "Green" technology of cultivation of alfalfa on irrigated lands provides gathering of fodder crops to 99,8-109 c / ha.
According to the results of researches in the field of veterinary medicine, according to the program O.0705 "Scientific and methodological support of veterinary and sanitary well-being and increase of livestock productivity on the example of" Bayserke-Agro "LLP (" Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute "), optimal technologies for keeping newborn animals increase the business yield of calves to 95% in dairy cattle. New disinfectants and methods of disinfection, taking into account the temperature of the environment, disinfectants, insecticides, have been tested and recommendations for improving the sanitary status of livestock farms have been developed. 5 new effective drugs for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of young animals of farm
animals have been developed and tested, as well as recommendations for their use.
To develop and introduce water-resource-saving technologies in irrigation with the improvement of the reclamation state of irrigated lands, a web-GIS mapping system was developed within the framework of the program "Scientific substantiation of rational use of water resources and development of agricultural land reclamation technology" (Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Water Management) results of space and ground monitoring of irrigated lands in Zhambyl and South-Kazakhstan regions. Electronic maps of irrigated lands have been prepared, a technology for ground monitoring of the meliorative state of irrigated lands has been developed. The technology of remote sensing of the earth was tested at 2 pilot sites of irrigated lands in Zhambyl and South-Kazakhstan oblasts. Water saving technologies of fine sprinkling and drip irrigation, respectively, on the area of 1000 hectares and 300 hectares in Zhambyl, Karaganda, Almaty, Zhambyl and South Kazakhstan oblasts were introduced. A model economy has been created to demonstrate and introduce a drip irrigation system based on the hydropower of small rivers in the farm "Nurzhan" in the Serken District of the Zhambyl Region.
According to the results of the research within the framework of the program "Increasing the productivity of perennial and annual fodder crops, by creating new stress-resistant varieties with improved feed quality adapted to different soil and climatic conditions in Kazakhstan" (AI Baraev Scientific and Production Center for Grain Economy "Molecular markers were developed on the basis of high repetitive sequences of re-trotransposons for studying the polymorphism of the gene pool of forage legumes. Microbiological preparations have been developed on the basis of tuber bacteria and introduced into LLP "Maksimovskoe" and LLP "Zarechny" of the Akmola region .There are 10 promising varieties and breeding numbers that combine signs of high productivity and high environmental sus-tainability to the conditions of Western Kazakhstan.
From the data given, it can be noted that scientific, scientific and technical projects and programs are intensively conducted, and their introduction into production is the main driving force in the development of the country's economy.
REFERENCES:
1. Law of RK "On commercialization of scientific and (or) scientific and technical activity results" of December 31, 2015.
2. National report on science. - Astana; Almaty, 2017.
