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ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE
Tlembayeva Zhanna Urumbasarovna1
Head of the Department of Medical Law and Ethics, Astana Medical University, PhD in Law,
Professor, Republic of Kazakstan, Astana, e-mail: zhanna.ot@mail.ru
Bazarova Gulmira Seilovna
Senior Lecturer, Department of Law and \Ethics, Astana Medical University, Master of Law,
Republic of Kazakhstan, Astana, e-mail: bazarova.g@amu.kz
Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of some problems of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of healthcare. Based on the analysis of the corresponding legislation and rule-making practice, the problems of legislation are highlighted, attention is paid to the problems of present legislation stability in the field of healthcare. The authors offer ways to improve the legislation and to ensure its stability.
At present, one of the trends in Kazakhstani legislation is the active development of normative arrays that regulate one or the other sphere ofpublic relations. Such regulatory arrays, of course, include the legislation in the field of health care.
The adoption of the Health Code made it possible to combine and systematize the legal norms of the industry into a single regulatory legal act that regulates public relations in the field of healthcare. As a basic act, the Health Code is the basis for the adoption of by-laws. However, as the analysis of the legislation in this area shows, the acts of subordinate rule-making, adopted in order to implement the norms of the Health Code, often contradict them. The intensity of making changes and amendments to the Health Code does not contribute to the stability of this law. Over the past two years alone, changes have been made to it more than 20 times.
Keywords: legislation, healthcare, normative legal act, conflict of law, stability of legislation.
КАЗАХСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНЫЦ ДЕНСАУЛЬЩ САЦТАУ САЛАСЫНДАГЫ ЗАЦНАМАСЫНЫЦ КЕЙБ1Р МЭСЕЛЕЛЕР1 ТУРАЛЫ
Жанна Урумбасаровна Тлембаева
Астана Медицина Университетыц медициналыц цуцыц жэне этика кафедрасыныц мецгерушШ, зац гылымдарыныц кандидаты, профессор, Казацстан Республикасы, Астана ц., e-mail: zhanna.ot@mail.ru
Гулмира Сеиловна Базарова
^ Астана медицина университетiнiц медициналыц цуцыц жэне этика кафедрасыныц
ага оцытушысы, зац гылымдарыныц магистрi, Казацстан Республикасы, Астана ц., e-mail: bazarova.g@amu.kz
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Аннотация. Мацала Казацстан Республикасыныц денсаулыц сацтау саласындагы зацна-
т масыныц кейбiр мэселелерт зерттеуге арналган. К°лданыстагы зацнаманы жэне норма
^ шыгармашылыц практиканы талдау негiзiнде зацнаманыц проблемалары айцындалды,
s денсаулыц сацтау саласындагы цолданыстагы цазацстандыц зацнаманыц турацтылыгы-
^ на байланысты туындайтын мэселелерге назар аударылады. Авторлар зацнаманы жетш-
^ дiру жэне оныц турацтылыгын цамтамасыз ету жолдарын усынады.
х Казiргi уацытта цазацстандыц зацнаманыц тенденцияларыныц бiрi цогамдыц цаты-
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1 The author for correspondence 68
настардыц цандай да 6ip саласын реттейтт нормативтт массивтердщ белсенЫ дамуы болып табылады. Мундай нормативтт массивке денсаулыц сацтау саласындагы зацнама да жатады.
Халыц денсаулыгы Кодекстщ цабылдануы саланыц цуцыцтыц нормаларын денсаулыц сацтау саласындагы цогамдыц цатынастарды реттейтт бiрыцгай нормативтт цуцыцтыц актг бiрiктiруге жэне ЖYйелеуге мYмкiндiк бердi. акт реттде Халыц
денсаулыгы Кодекс зацга тэуелдi бiрталай нормативтт цуцыцтыц актiлердi цабылда-уга негiз болды. Алайда, осы саладагы зацнамага ЖYргiзiлген талдау кврсеткендей, Халыц денсаулыгы Кодекстщ нормаларын ЖYзеге асыру мацсатында цабылданган зацга тэуелдi актiлерi Кодекстщ взте квп жагдайда цайшы келедi. Сонымен цатар енгiзiлiп жатцан взгер^тер мен толыцтырулар царцындылыгы осы Кодекстщ турацтылыгына терк ыцпал етт жатцанын байцаймыз. Тек соцгы ек жылда оган 20-дан астамрет взгер^тер енгiзiлдi.
Tyrnndi свздер: зацнама, денсаулыц сацтау, нормативтт цуцыцтыц акт, зацныц цай-шылыгы, зацнаманыц турацтылыгы.
О НЕКОТОРЫХ ПРОБЛЕМАХ ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН В ОБЛАСТИ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ
Тлембаева Жанна Урумбасаровна
Заведующая кафедрой медицинского права и этики Медицинского университета Астана, кандидат юридических наук, профессор, Республика Казахстан, г. Астана-e-mail: zhanna.ot@mail.ru
Базарова Гульмира Сеиловна
Старший преподаватель кафедры медицинского права и этики Медицинского университета Астана, магистр юридических наук, Республика Казахстан, г. Астана, e-mail: bazarova.g@amu.kz
Аннотация. Статья посвящена исследованию некоторых проблем законодательства Республики Казахстан в области здравоохранения. На основе анализа соответствующего законодательства и нормотворческой практики выделены проблемы законодательства, уделяется внимание проблемам стабильности действующего казахстанского законодательства в области здравоохранения. Авторами предлагаются пути совершенствования К законодательства и обеспечения его стабильности. g
В настоящее время одной из тенденций казахстанского законодательства является активное развитие нормативных массивов, регулирующих ту или иную сферу общественных отношений. К таким нормативным массивам, несомненно, относится и законодательство в сфере здравоохранения. а Принятие Кодекса о здоровье позволило объединить и систематизировать правовые s нормы отрасли в единый нормативный правовой акт, регулирующий общественные отно- А шения в сфере здравоохранения. Как базовый акт, Кодекс о здоровье выступает основой О для принятия подзаконных нормативных правовых актов. Однако, как показывает анализ о законодательства в этой области, принимаемые в целях реализации норм Кодекса о здоро- g вье акты подзаконного нормотворчества нередко противоречат им. Интенсивность же g внесения в Кодекс о здоровье изменений и дополнений не способствует стабильности это- I го закона. Только за два последних года изменения вносились в него более 20раз. И Ключевые слова: законодательство, здравоохранение, нормативный правовой акт, кол- р лизия права, стабильность законодательства.
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DOI: 10.52026/2788-5291 2022 71 4 68
Introduction
The accelerated development of public relations in the field of healthcare in modern states is due to the increased attention of the population to the health condition. This is also caused by factors that affect human health: the deterioration of the environmental situation in the world, climate change, man-made disasters. Therefore, one of the tasks of modern states is to ensure the legal regulation of public relations in the field of healthcare.
Legislation on health care is currently quite numerous. The basic regulatory legal act regulating public relations in the field of healthcare is the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 7, 2020 "On the health of the people and the healthcare system"1 (hereinafter referred to as the Health Code). It combines and systematizes the norms of law aimed at the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan to health care. The Health Code should be considered as the key law on which all other health legislation is based. It contains the main mechanisms for realizing the rights of citizens to health care. However, the legislation S of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of £ healthcare is characterized by a number of £ problems associated with the presence in the ^ Health Code of a large number of blanket ^ rules that provide departmental bodies with ^ broad rule-making powers, the instability of legislation in this area, and the presence of | corruption factors.
g Legislation plays an important role ^ in improving the forms and methods of 'g management in healthcare, resource provision
0 of the industry. At the same time, hopefully, the
< positive aspects of such initiatives will make it ^ possible to form some other new structure of the
< healthcare system with new forms of financing, b following the principles of justice and with
5 minimal social risks. £
q:
g Materials and methods
The article is devoted to some problems of £ legislative regulation in the field of health care t; of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The main materials used in the course of the
1 study are: 1) the Constitution of the Republic ^ of Kazakhstan dated August 30, 1995; 2) the i Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated | July 7, 2020 "On the health of the people m and the healthcare system"; 3) a message
to the people of Kazakhstan from the Head of the State K.K. Tokayev "Just State. One nation. Prosperous society"; 4) Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated October 12, 2021 No. 725 "On approval of the national project "Quality and affordable healthcare for every citizen "Healthy Nation"";
5) Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On approval of the national project "Modernization of rural healthcare";
6) order acting of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated August 18, 2022 No. KR DSM-84 "On Amendments to the Order of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 21, 2020 No. KR DSM-303/2020 "On Approval of the Rules for Additional and Non-Formal Education of Healthcare Professionals, Qualification requirements for organizations implementing educational programs of additional and nonformal education in the field of healthcare, as well as the rules for recognizing learning outcomes obtained by healthcare professionals through additional and non-formal education";
7) draft Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on health issues".
The main method used while conducting the study and preparing the present article are the method of law analysis, the analysis of normative acts.
Basic provisions
The analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of healthcare has revealed a number of problematic issues. One of the problems of legislation in the field of healthcare is the presence of contradictions and conflicts. The Health Code is replete with a large number of blanket rules, often inconsistent with the basic principles of industry regulation, and hindering law enforcement practice. All these questions determine the relevance of the sectoral legislation problems study.
The rapid adoption of many new by-laws after the adoption of the current Health Code in 2020, which has been amended more than 20 times, has been replaced by frequent amendments and additions to existing acts. The hasty adoption of by-laws and, as a result, their lack of elaboration often lead to strategic miscalculations. Such instability of legislation can act as a factor of destabilization in the industry.
To improve the legislation in the field of health care we believe it is necessary to improve the quality of scientific legal and anti-corruption expertise of normative legal acts, conduct sectoral legal monitoring with assessment of the state of legislation and analysis of the effectiveness of its application, "implementation of all target components of legal monitoring, for example, in the scale of industry, activity of the state body, or in the framework of socially significant issue, problem in any area of public relations, etc." [1]. Not only state bodies, but also public and scientific organizations, ordinary citizens can take part in legal monitoring. These problems need professional discussion as well.
Results and discussion
The field of healthcare in most developed countries traditionally relate to one of the regulated areas of life. As history shows, the norms, regulating medical activity, which dealt with a relatively narrow range of medical problems, have existed since the period of the slave society (Laws of King Hammurabi (1750 BC), Roman law, religious texts).
In recent years, the regulatory legal framework for health care has been significantly improved. Since the beginning of the 2000s, the state has undertaken a number of state programs aimed at reforming and further developing health care, and setting the impetus for the development of legislation in this area - the State Program for the Reform and Development of Healthcare of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010; State program for the development of health care of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2015 "Salamatty Kazakhstan"; State program "Health of the people"; State Health Development Program of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Densaulyk" for 2016-2019; The concept of e-health development of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2013-2020; State
Health Development Program of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2020-2025; National project "Quality and affordable healthcare for every citizen "Healthy Nation" with an implementation period of 2021-2025.2
Currently, in almost all modern legal systems there are extensive arrays of normative legal acts regulating relations in this area. The active development of lawmaking in the field of healthcare is associated with the development of new technologies in the field of health care, increasing public attention to the state of health and reforming the healthcare system.
Modern legislation in the field of health care has been formed as a complex structure, covering a wide range of social relations, due to the specifics of the field of medical activity. It combines and systematizes the norms of law aimed at the implementation of the constitutional right of citizens of the Republic of Kazakhstan to health care.
The Health Code is an industry codified act that regulates the most important public relations in the field of healthcare. The Health Code regulates the following issues: state regulation and management in the field of healthcare (competence of the Government, authorized body, state bodies); licensing and accreditation in the field of healthcare; state control and supervision in the field of healthcare; advertising in the field of healthcare; digital health; international cooperation in the field of health; disease prevention and the formation of a healthy lifestyle (preventive vaccinations, medical examinations, screening studies); activities in the field of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population; prevention of communicable and non-communicable diseases; provision of medical care; legal status of medical and pharmaceutical workers [2, p.51].
The Health Code should be considered as a key law, on the basis of which all other
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2 Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 13 сентября 2004 года № 1438 «О Государственной программе реформирования и развития здравоохранения Республики Казахстан на 2005-2010 годы». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/ U040001438_; Указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 29 ноября 2010 года № 1113 «Обутверждении Государственной программы развития здравоохранения Республики Казахстан «Саламатты Цазацстан» на 2011 - 2015 годы». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U1000001113; указ Президента Республики Казахстан от 16 ноября 1998 года № 4153 «О Государственной программе «Здоровье народа». Утратил силу - Указом Президента РК от 16 мая 2005 г. № 1573. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/U980004153_; постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 15 октября 2018 года «Об утверждении Государственной программы развития здравоохранения Республики Казахстан «Денсау-лыц» на 2016 - 2019 годы». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000634; Приказ Министра здравоохранения РК от 3 сентября 2013 г. № 498 «Обутверждении Концепции развития электронного здравоохранения до 2020 года». URL: http:// www.rcrz.kz/index.php/ru/kontseptsiya-razvitiya-elektronnogo-zdravookhraneniya; постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 26 декабря 2019 года № 982 «Обутверждении Государственной программы развития здравоохранения Республики Казахстан на 2020 - 2025 годы». Утратило силу постановлением Правительства РК от 12 октября 2021 года № 725. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1900000982; постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 12 октября 2021 года № 725 «Об утверждении национального проекта «Качественное и доступное здравоохранение для каждого гражданина «Здоровая нация». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2100000725
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legislation in the field of healthcare is built -the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Compulsory Social Medical Insurance", "On Social and Medical and Pedagogical Correctional Support for Children with Disabilities", etc. The legislation regulating legal relations in the field of health care has a complex structure, the complex nature of which is due to the manifestation of the norms of various branches of law. Thus, in addition to special laws, the legislator fixed the regulation in the field of healthcare in other laws - the Labor, Criminal, Civil Procedure, Criminal Procedure Codes, the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Offenses, the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Marriage (Matrimony) and Family", the laws "Consumer rights protection", "Food safety", "Minimum social standards and their guarantees", etc.
In addition to sectoral legislative acts, the issues of protecting the health of citizens are regulated by a vast array of subordinate regulatory legal acts - decrees of the President, resolutions of the Parliament, resolutions of the Government, regulatory resolutions of the Constitutional Council, regulatory resolutions of the Supreme Court, orders of the Minister of Health and other heads of central state bodies, heads of their departments, resolutions of maslikhats, resolutions of akimats, resolutions of akims and resolutions of revision commissions. Sub-legislative normative legal acts are issued on the basis of and in pursuance of laws. Thus, in order to implement the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on compulsory social health insurance3, the Decrees of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On approval of the list of guaranteed volume of free medical care"4 and "On approval of the list of medical services in the system of compulsory social health insurance"5 and a number of acts of various levels were adopted.
Thus, the legislation creates conditions for the development and implementation of healthcare development programs and gives the healthcare industry a focus and assurance.
Legislation in the field of health care is unstable. The stability of legislation in the field of healthcare is influenced, first of all, by a clear,
coordinated state policy. Thus, the pandemic caused by the global spread of COVID-19 showed that a number of changes were ripe in the healthcare system, which required amendments to the healthcare legislation. This was especially true for the sphere of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, circulation of medicines. At the same time, health policy had to take into account not only the medical aspects of the pandemic, but also the legal consequences of the measures taken in the field of health.
Since the adoption of the Health Code, since 2020, it has been amended more than 20 times. Of course, the role of lawmaking in the healthcare sector in further reforming the industry cannot be overestimated. But, it is obvious that the instability of legislation can act as a destabilizing factor in the industry and causes distrust on the part of the population. Thus, in recent years, users of the website https://legalacts. egov.kz/ , one of the components of the "Open Government" project created to discuss draft regulatory legal acts, in their comments often do not support frequent amendments to existing acts and some measures taken by the authorized body in the region. One of the reasons for this situation is the lack of explanatory work by law-making bodies, in particular, explanatory notes containing specific goals, justification for the need of the project, socio-economic, legal consequences of their adoption.
Legislation on health care is currently quite numerous. Although the Health Code contains the main mechanisms for realizing the rights of citizens to health care, however, the content of these mechanisms in by-laws often contradicts them due to the presence of blanket norms in the Health Code. Such norms "do not contain any specific rule of conduct, but give state bodies the authority to establish these rules themselves," thereby helping to consolidate the right of state bodies to resolve these issues with their departmental acts6. As a result, conflicts of the norms of law in normative legal acts complicate law enforcement practice. For example, the procedure for additional and nonformal education of healthcare professionals, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Article
3 On compulsory social medical insurance Unofficial translation Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 16, 2015 No. 405-V. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/eng/docs/Z1500000405
4 Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 16 октября 2020 года № 672 «Об утверждении перечня гарантированного объема бесплатной медицинской помощи и признании утратившими силу некоторых решений Правительства Республики Казахстан URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P2000000672
5 Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 20 июня 2019 года № 421 «Об утверждении перечня медицинской помощи в системе обязательного социального медицинского страхования». URL: https: adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/ P1900000421
6 Сравнительная таблица по законопроекту о нормотворчестве. URL: https://senate.parlam.kz/ru-RU/blog/934/news/
221 of the Health Code, is determined by the authorized body. Within the framework of this authority, on August 18, 2022, the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan amended paragraph 4 of the Rules for additional and nonformal education of healthcare professionals and the recognition of learning outcomes obtained through additional and non-formal education, approved by order of Acting Minister of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. KR DSM-847, according to which the right to additional education in foreign organizations at the expense of the republican and local budgets is vested in healthcare professionals working in state healthcare organizations, as well as in the quasi-public sector and clinics of non-profit medical educational organizations. However, in accordance with the rules of paragraph 6 of Article 220 of the Health Code, additional education is carried out in educational and scientific organizations that implement educational programs for additional education and have been accredited by accreditation bodies entered in the register of recognized accreditation bodies. Additional education in medical specialties and non-formal education of medical workers is carried out by organizations of higher and (or) postgraduate education, national and scientific centers, research institutes, higher medical colleges on the basis of accredited clinical bases, clinics of health education organizations, university hospitals.
In addition, the norm under consideration violates the infringement of the rights and interests of healthcare professionals working in non-state medical organizations, and the promotion of group interests, which is inconsistent with the basic principles of industry regulation. Indeed, according to subparagraph 5) of paragraph 2 of the above Rules, additional education of healthcare professionals is a learning process carried out in order to meet the educational needs of healthcare personnel. That is, the right to further education belongs to all health professionals. However, bylaw normative legal acts cannot establish restrictions on the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen, otherwise this would be
contrary to paragraph 3 of Article 39 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In no case shall the rights and freedoms provided for by Articles 13 and 14 of the Constitution be subject to restriction.
The next important issue is the role of lawmaking in the healthcare sector in further reforming the industry. In the Health Code, one can clearly trace the strategic line in which the following main directions can be distinguished - ensuring the joint responsibility of the state, employers and individuals for the preservation and strengthening of individual and public health; attribution of public health, safety, quality and effectiveness of medicines to the factors of ensuring national security; social orientation of health care aimed at meeting the needs, needs of the population and improving the quality of life; ensuring the availability of medical care. An important point was the principle of access to medical care.
In this context, the preparation by the authorized body in the field of healthcare of such projects as the national project "Modernization of rural healthcare"8 in order to provide all rural settlements with primary health care organizations and increase the timeliness of emergency medical care for the rural population is timely and important. In his message of September 1, 2022 "Just State. One nation. A prosperous society" the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan emphasized to the people of Kazakhstan: "I have decided to start implementing a national project from next year aimed at the needs of rural residents of our country. Within two years, medical and feldsher-obstetric stations will be built and fully equipped in 650 villages, which today do not have medical facilities. Thus, the state will provide access to primary health care for more than a million citizens. As part of the national project, 32 district hospitals will be modernized and transformed into inter-district multidisciplinary institutions. They will have stroke centers, departments of surgery, intensive care and rehabilitation. This will improve the quality of medical services for more than four million citizens." The goal of the project is to
details/23869.
7 Приказ и.о. Министра здравоохранения Республики Казахстан от 18 августа 2022 года № ЦР ДСМ-84 «О внесении изменений в приказ Министра здравоохранения Республики Казахстан от 21 декабря 2020 года № ЦР ДСМ-303/2020 «Об утверждении правил дополнительного и неформального образования специалистов в области здравоохранения, квалификационных требований к организациям, реализующим образовательные программы дополнительного и неформального образования в области здравоохранения, а также правил признания результатов обучения, полученных специалистами в области здравоохранения через дополнительное и неформальное образование». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/ V2200029192#z11
8 Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан «Об утверждении национального проекта «Модернизация сельского здравоохранения». URL: https://legalacts.egov.kz/npa/view?id=14225394
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"reduce imbalances between urban and rural health care by providing all rural settlements with primary health care organizations"9.
However, this national project, posted on the https://legalacts.egov.kz/ website, prescribes the powers of state bodies and organizations, but does not establish a clear responsibility of state bodies for violations, and there is no schedule for the implementation of the project. This does not comply with subparagraphs 5), 6) of paragraph 80 of the State Planning System in the Republic of Kazakhstan, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 29, 2017 No. 790 "On Approval of the State Planning System in the Republic of Kazakhstan"10, the structure of the national project should contain the section "distribution of responsibility and powers", as well as a schedule for the implementation of the project (in the form of an appendix).
Thus, the legislation contributes to the implementation of state policy in the field of health care, its resource provision of the industry, the injection of huge financial resources, including into the rural health care system. But at the same time, hopefully, that the positive aspects of such initiatives will improve the structure of the healthcare system in compliance with the principles of equity in healthcare.
Another issue that requires special attention of legislators is the protection of the rights of medical workers and patients. If there are certain mechanisms for protecting the rights of patients, then this cannot be said about medical workers. As practice shows, a high risk of criminal liability leads to an outflow of highly qualified medical workers. The solution to this problem is the measures proposed within the framework of the draft law "On amendments and additions to certain legislative acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan on health issues"11, which is under consideration by the Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This, in particular, is the introduction of the institution of compulsory insurance of professional liability of medical workers,
which "is one of the elements of self-regulation of medical activity" [3]; providing them with additional benefits and incentive payments; humanization of criminal punishment for criminal offenses under Art. 317 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The bill proposes to reduce the amount of the fine and the term of arrest for unintentional infliction of moderate and severe bodily harm, and in case of severe bodily harm or death of the patient, "imprisonment" should be replaced with "restriction of freedom" with a review of the terms of punishment. The basis for the development of these changes are the problems associated with the imperfection of the current norm of the criminal law, which contains wording that necessitates a broad interpretation of the norms of the Criminal Code, difficulties in establishing criteria for the legality of actions or inactions of medical workers. Assessing these measures positively, I would also like to emphasize that under the current conditions, the lack of at least a minimum amount of legal knowledge for medical workers becomes even dangerous. All this makes it necessary to study the issues of legal responsibility of medical workers in medical universities within the framework of medical law.
Conclusion
Currently, in the context of increasing the number of regulatory legal acts in the field of healthcare, the Health Code is designed to give certainty and stability to all sectoral legislation, without violating its system. However, the existing problems of legislation - inconsistency, imperfection of its norms, duplication, instability of legislation in this area, the presence of corruption factors require attention and the adoption of appropriate measures to address them with the involvement of medical scientists and lawyers. The problems outlined above indicate the need for legal monitoring in order to analyze the effectiveness of their application, as well as improve the quality of scientific legal and anti-corruption expertise of regulatory legal acts.
9 Послание Главы государства К.К. Токаева народу Казахстана «Справедливое государство. Единая нация. Благополучное общество». URL: https://www.akorda.kz/ru/poslanie-glavy-gosudarstva-kasym-zhomarta-tokaeva-narodu-kazahstana-181130
10 Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 29 ноября 2017 года «Об утверждении Системы государственного планирования в Республике Казахстан». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1700000790
11 Постановление Правительства Республики Казахстан от 31 мая 2005 года № 534 «О проекте Закона Республики Казахстан «О внесении изменений и дополнений в некоторые законодательные акты Республики Казахстан по вопросам здравоохранения». URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000534_
REFERENCES
1. Казиев З. Г. Отраслевой правовой мониторинг: общее понятие, задачи и возможности проведения [Электронный ресурс]// https://online.zakon.kz/Document/7doc_ id=38465077&pos=6;-106#pos=6;-106 (дата обращения 07.10.2022).
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REFERENCES
1. Kaziev Z. G. Otraslevoj pravovoj monitoring: obshhee ponjatie, zadachi i vozmozhnosti provedenija 1. [Jelektronnyj resurs]// https://online.zakon.kz/Document/7doc_ id=38465077&pos=6;-106#pos=6;-106 (data obrashhenija 07.10.2022).
2. Medicinskoe pravo. Uchebnik / Tlembaeva Zh.U, Karaev A.A, Bazarova G.S [i dr.]; pod red. Zh.U. Tlembaevoj. - Astana, TOO «Medet Group», 2022 god. - 218 s.
3. Lesnikova. M.N. Osobennosti pravovogo regulirovanija v sfere zdravoohranenija. [Jelektronnyj resurs]//http://www.noav.ru/7p=12281. (data obrashhenija 05.10.2022).
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