CC BY
2212.00.02 - конституциявий хуцуц. маъмурий хуцуц. молия ва божхона хуцуци
UDC: 34 (043)(575.1)
Abduvaliev Maksudjon
Lecturer of the Department of Administrative and Financial Law at TSUL E-mail: maqsudabduvaliyev@mail.ru
DEVELOPING NORM CREATIVITY IN THE PROCESS OF ENSURING THE RULE OF LAW IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract. In this article, an attempt is made to analyze the legal aspects of ongoing reforms in the field of norm creativity in the Republic of Uzbekistan over the past four years. Simultaneously, during the period of reforms, rule-making and changes taking place in this area were identified as a legal direction. Adopting regulatory legal acts in electronic form in the process of norm creativity during a pandemic will serve as an effective organization of the rule-making process, which is justified by the statistical data in this article. In addition, on the basis of the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, concepts and goals of the "regulatory guillotine" in ensuring the rule of law in the norm creativity process are examined and appropriate conclusions are drawn.
Keywords: normative legal act, rule-making, directly applicable laws, regulating the guillotine, departmental normative legal acts, decrees, decisions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Abduvaliyev Maqsudjon
Toshkent davlat yuridik universiteti "Ma'muriy va moliya huquqi" kafedrasi o'qituvchisi
O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDA QONUN USTUVORLIGINI TA'MINLASH JARAYONIDA NORMA IJODKORLIGINING
RIVOJLANISHI
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada O'zbekiston Respublikasida so'nggi 4 yillikda norma ijodkorligi jarayoni sohasida olib borilayotgan islohotlarni huquqiyjihatdan tahlil qilishga harakatqilingan. Bunda islohotlar davrida norma ijodkorligi, bu sohada qilinayotgan o'zgarishlar huquqiy yo'nalish sifatida belgilab olingan. Pandemiya davrida norma ijodkorligi jarayonida normativ-huquqiy hujjatlarning elektron shaklda qabul qilinishi, buning ahamiyati va norma ijodkorligi jarayonining samarali tashkil etilishiga xizmat qilishi statistik ma'lumotlar orqali yoritib berilgan. Bundan tashqari, O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti farmoni asosida qonuniylikni norma ijodkorligi jarayonida ta'minlashda "tartibga soluvchi gilotina"si tushunchasi va maqsadlari o'rganilib, tegishli xulosalar chiqarilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: normativ-huquqiy hujjat, norma ijodkorligi, to'g'ridan to'g'ri ishlovchi qonun-lar, tartibga soluvchi gilotinasi, idoraviy normativ-huquqiy hujjatlar, O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti farmonlari, qarorlari va farmoyishlari hamda O'zbekiston Respublikasi Vazirlar Mahkamasi qarorlari.
12.00.02 - конституциявий хуцуц. маъмурий хуцуц.
молия ва божхона хуцуци
Абдувалиев Максуджон
преподаватель кафедры "Административное и финансовое право" Ташкентского государственного юридического университета
развитие нормотворчества в процессе обеспечения законности в
республике узбекистан
Аннотация. В этой статье была предпринята попытка проанализировать правовые аспекты проводимых реформ в области нормотворчества в Республике Узбекистан за последние 4 года. При этом в период реформ нормотворчество и изменения, происходящие в этой сфере, были определены как правовое направление. Принятие нормативно-правовых актов в электронном виде в процессе нормотворчества в период пандемии послужит эффективной организации нормотворческого процесса, что обосновывается статистическими данными в статье. Кроме того, на основании Указа Президента Республики Узбекистан были изучены понятие и цели "регулирующей гильотины" в обеспечении законности в процессе нормотворчества и были сделаны соответствующие выводы.
Ключевые слова: нормативно-правовой акт, нормотворчество, непосредственно действующие законы, «регулирующая гильотина», ведомственные нормативные правовые акты, указы, постановления и распоряжения Президента Республики Узбекистан, постановления Кабинета Министров Республики Узбекистан.
Effective implementation of reforms in society depends on the degree to which members of a society accept normative and legal acts adopted to ensure legitimacy and the correct interpretation of legal consciousness and culture. Adopting legislation and the inability to interpret correctly in relation to citizens and other entities lead to a number of difficulties and misunderstandings in the process of working and associating within the practice. In order to improve the harmony of the state with society, it is necessary to eliminate a number of shortcomings.
Of course, in order to ensure legitimacy through the creation of norm creativity, the ability to correct interpretation of the Constitution and laws of citizens requires the adoption of legislation that is simple, complete and understandable.
Firstly, it needs to define the concept of legitimacy briefly. In particular, we can cite as a short, complete source of legitimacy, according to Article 15 of the Constitution ofthe Republic of Uzbekistan, "Constitution and laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan shall have absolute supremacy in the Republic of Uzbekistan1".
A number of measures are being taken in the Republic of Uzbekistan to ensure the correct interpretation of the rule of law through the constitutional norm and unconditional implementation. The changes that are taking place require to work in
1 https://www.lex.uz/ru/docs/-20596?otherlang=1
2 https://www.minjust.uz/uz/activity/normactivity/98766/
compliance with norm creativity. Because it directly depends on the effectiveness of ongoing reforms.
As proof of our opinion, as a consequence of norm creativity, we can observe an increase in the number of drafts of normative legal acts over the last four years, from 2016 to 2019. According to official data about the process of norm creativity provided by the Ministry of Justice:
- The number of drafting Legal Acts from 14 to 55,
- The number of drafting decrees, decisions and orders of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan from 12 to 67,
- The number of drafting decisions of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan increased from 31 to 1102.
Such official sources followed the rule of law in the process of norm creativity. It applied correctly, and its relevance further enhanced.
In this article, we analyzed whether the work over the past ten months to create norms to ensure the legitimacy of Uzbekistan's legislation was successful, despite the dangerous situation in the pandemic.
As a result of the norm creativity process over the above period, we can see, a total of 1,120 normative legal acts were adopted in 2020, of which 29 -laws, 262 - decrees and resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 417 - decisions of the
12.00.02 - конституциявий хуцуц. маъмурий хуцуц. молия ва божхона хуцуци
Cabinet of Ministers, 83 - departmental regulations acts from January 1 to July 203.
It is clear that no matter what situation or condition, the process of norm creativity continues to grow. Reforms in the norm creativity process have not stopped. Of course, such situations result from timely reforms in the rule of law in society and the adoption of legal acts. Let us look at some of these reforms.
As a preliminary reform, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan approved Decree "Strategy of Actions for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021" No. PF-5953 "In the year of science, enlightenment and digital economy" on March 2, 2020, and the inclusion of items related to the creation of the norm. Paragraph 5 of the state program called for "expansion of the practice directly adopting laws, increasing level of regulation of social relations by law".
The program led to the enactment directly a number of laws in the following period. The enactment of directly applicable laws is essential to ensure that reforms are carried out quickly and without excessive difficulty. The practice of adopting a number of normative and legal acts takes time to regulate in particular social relationship. It has led to the adoption of simple, perfect laws.
In particular, as a result of the above-mentioned clause in such a state program, as an example of the following normative legal acts adopted in 2020,
- "On innovative activities4";
- "On Education5";
- "On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities6";
- "On Employment7".
One of the biggest results of features of such laws over the past ten months of norm creativity is that they are trying to cover social relationships that the law should regulate fully. This will prevent the adoption of additional legislation.
A clear example is the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Employment". The Law act consists of 120 articles and tries to cover social relations associating with employment in full. It also stipulates which relations will affect by the adoption of the law
and a number of repealed and amended normative and legal acts. Another specific feature of improvement of the adoption of legislation is that it works directly in the process of creating a specific norm. The legislation should consider the date of entry into force of three months, six months, or more years.
Because during this period, we hope that the period of time in law acts is useful for understanding the content of law act by population and correct interpretation, and it will lead to the elimination of problems that may arise later.
As a change in the rule of law as a second rule, norms adopted by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On approval of the concept of improving the normative activity" No. PF-5505 On August 8, 2018, and implemented clauses relating to this year. Decree introduced modern information and communication technologies into the norm creativity process from 2020 and ensured the timely implementation of relevant tasks.
According to Decree, the Ministry of Justice has created an information system, "State accounting and distribution of regulatory legal acts," and launched it on February 27.
As a result, according to an official statement from the Ministry of Justice, "To date, normative and legal acts adopted through this system are sent electronically by 600 government agencies and organizations throughout the country and their territorial divisions to the Ministry of Justice8".
Through this system, various bureaucratic barriers have been removed and further improved the rule of law in Uzbekistan.
However, the adoption of Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PF-5997 "On measures to further improve activities of judicial bodies and institutions in the implementation of state legal policy" On May 19, 2020, led to further development.
According to the Decree, for the first time in the history of Uzbekistan, an electronic law was adopted On July 1, 2020. According to him, "Document has been approved by the Minister of Healthcare, which requires medical staff to write active ingredients in the
3 https://www.minjust.uz/uz/activity/bringing/99336/
4 https://lex.uz/docs/4910391
5 https://lex.uz/docs/5013007
6 https://lex.uz/docs/-5049511
7 https://lex.uz/docs/5055690
" https://www.minjust.uz/uz/activity/bringing/99336/
12.00.02 - конституциявий хуку^. маъмурий хуку^. молия ва божхона хуцуци
prescription, not trade name of a drug. This will allow citizens to purchase drugs of the same composition at their discretion9".
Thirdly, the above Decree introduced the concept of a "regulatory guillotine" in ensuring legitimacy in the norm creativity process. The system designed to achieve the following goals:
"Systematization of legislation, simplification of legal regulation using "regulatory guillotine" method, including reduction of legislation and adoption of directly applicable laws10".
It is obvious that using such an approach in the process of rule creativity will lead to the elimination of norms that have not worked in national legislation for years, normative-legal documents, as well as the simplification of the system. The existence of such normative-legal documents does not regulate any relationship without causing legal consequences or legal relationship. It has been regulated by another normative-legal document.
For example, so far in our national legislative system, "more than 728 laws, 423 decisions of Oliy Majlis, 2538 Presidential Decrees, 2699 Presidential Decisions, 10245 Decisions of Cabinet of Ministers11 have been adopted and need to be revised ".
As a result, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed a Decree "On measures to improve the country's business environment by introducing a system of revision of obsolete legislation12" PF-6075 adopted on September 27, 2020.
Through the Decree, such changes serve to ensure the legitimacy of the rule's creative process.
"The Ministry of Justice together with the relevant agencies has decided to critically review more than 2,000 outdated and obsolete decisions of the Government identified as a result of the seizure and to repeal the relevant documents".
Based on the above, we must conclude that firstly, our society is in the process of creating norms that regulate direct social relations that ensure legitimacy. We think we need to continue to make new changes in this process.
Secondly, the adoption of direct legislation, the adoption of electronic legislation, the establishment of a "regulatory guillotine" leads to unconditional recognition in "New Uzbekistan".
Thirdly, the more process of creating national norms improves, the more it will inevitably lead to unconditional observance of the law and equality.
References
1. Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2020.
2. Decree No. PF-5953 "Strategy of Actions for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 "In the year of science, enlightenment and digital economy".
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On approval of the concept of improving the normative activity" No. PF-5505.
4. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan signed a decree "On measures to improve the business environment in the country through the introduction of a system of revision of obsolete legislation13" and PF-6075.
5. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PF-5997 "On measures to further improve activities of judicial bodies and institutions in the implementation of state legal policy".
6. Law Act the Republic of Uzbekistan "On innovative activities", 2020.
7. Law Act the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Education", 2020.
8. Law Act the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the Rights of Persons with Disabilities", 2020.
9. Law Act the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Employment", 2020.
10. https://www.lex.uz
11. https://www.minjust.uz
12. https://www.gazeta.uz
9 https://www.gazeta.uz/oz/2020/07/01/e-hujjat/
10 https://lex.uz/docs/-4820060
11 http://hudud24.uz/tartibga-solish-gilotinasi-%D2%9Bonunchilikda-nimani-sa%D2%9Blab-%D2%9Bolish-va-nimadan-voz-kechish-kerak/
12 https://lex.uz/docs/-5019106
