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14
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-238-241
Rasulova Mastura Kabulovna, candidate for technical sciences, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, E-mail: mastura-m@mail.ru Tashpulatov Salih Shukurovich, doctor of technical sciences, professor, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, E-mail: barno.professorov@mail.ru
About designing the working clothes based on the anthropological characteristics of man's body
Abstract: The article is dedicated to determination of the problem of designing working clothes for the workers of different specialties and there are analyzed the results of anthropomorphic research of the peculiarities of 400 respondents from Tashkent city and Tashkent region by 30 features and had been formed the table about distribution of the size rates. Depending on aim of choosing and recommendation of the rational version of the construction in consideration of functional-ergonomically demands in designing working clothes for the workers of several specialties was determined object for analyzing methods.
Keywords: designing, figure, size-height, construction, working clothes, respondent, anthropomorphic research.
Introduction. The working cloth is one of the mean of men's protecting, it's destination is to protect him from different kind of harmful factors at the manufacture and forms special complex of demands for the working clothes. In terms of these it should support labor protection; save from harmful factors at the manufacture; maintain normal functional condition and working ability of the worker during producing process; it doesn't irritate human's organism at the exploitation process.
The working cloth should be chosen in terms of determined worker's height and sizes and could respond to specific features and terms of the work and support labor protection at the working place.
Actuality of designing the working clothes is depend on determination "the address" of the product that been manufactured and respond to terms of workers' working cloth. It requires to design the working clothes depending on determined typological group terms of the population and realizing it in condition of mass production, that supposing individualizing processes to take into consideration individual consumers' figure specifics.
Mass production of the workers' working clothes in accordance with figure would support workers safe working conditions, effective using of the operating time and comfort of actions. In designing of the working clothes it should be recognized the workers' figure poses and action at the working process to support it's comfortable using and knowledge of the figure's dimensional features. The size dimensional indications determined by several dimensions. When suitable dimensions for man's figure and information about different population groups' dimensions will be known than can be produced suitable wear in accordance with man's figure shape and dimensions [1].
Problems of Designing the working clothes in consideration of the figure's anthropometric dimensions. The working cloth should satisfy a complex difficult requirements as protective, hygienic, operational, and aesthetic. Therefore during the operational time man should keeping normal functional state and working ability. That's why the problem of designing the working cloth based on anthropometric dimensions in consideration of the man's figure is one of the actual problems.
Development of the dimensional typology at cloth production process begins with appropriate dimensional indicators that would be used in designing process. In this process is important
to take place determine person's age, nationality, profession and dimension.
In research work the object cannot be observed fully; if in all population mass the defined typology man's will appear withiden-tical frequency it will be effective to choose specimen from object. In order that average error doesn't more than 5% the volume of the mans selection shouldn't be more than 400 [2].
In accordance with premise the anthropometric research work had been done among Tashkent city and Tashkent region's food and auto transport industries' workers. In this process take part average age group from 400 man in age about from 30 to 40. Among them the men about 30-33 age are 35%, 34-36 age are 37%, and 37-40 are 28%.
The dimension program of the cloth designing consists of from 60 to 70 dimensions. For the research work 30 dimensions have been chosen that used in projecting men's outer wear [3]. The anthropometric researches held on dimensions like circles, lengths, heights, widths and distances [4]. The monitoring of finding results have been done by the dimension program. For solvation of the indicators problem that determined with program as height, breastcircle and waist circle dimensions were contributed and that dimensions have been analyzed based on 400 respondents' anthropometric dimensions. The obtained results showed in diagrams (Fig. 1,2,3). In accordance with accepted six height dimensions for the men's figure the height dimensions have been sorted by suitable intervals.
In diagram showed that 36% of workers'and employees' are part of the men's group with 174-179 height. The lowest height between 156-161 sm is 2%. The men with highest heights about 186-188 is 3%.
The results of researches show that 30% of workers'and employees' the men with breast circle dimension about 100 sm and 25% — men with breast circle dimension is about 96 sm, 1% have the smallest breast circle dimension is about 80 sm, and 3% have the biggest breast circle dimension is about 108 sm.
The waist circle of the men's figure supports good fitting. Many results of measuring shows that besides the breast circle dimension changings the waist circle withabdomen convexity dimension is changing in several rates. The waist circle with abdomen convexity dimension shows changings on the population figure and these dimensions are really important in cloth designing.
About designing the working clothes based on the anthropological characteristics of man's body
Figure 1. Men's height dimension analyzing
Figure 2. Men's breast circle dimension analyzing
Analyzing the waist circle dimension of the respondents shows that 24% of men have the indicators about 82 sm, 8,75% -78 and 86 sm, 11,25%-90 sm, 10,75% — 94 sm, 5,25% -74 sm, 4%-98 sm, 3,25% — 102 sm, 1,5% — 72 and 106 sm, 0,75% -110 sm, 0, 25% -66 sm.
It is known that the waist circle's value determines the certain fullness group of men's typical figure. Whereas the respondents' figures fullness groups have been analyzed. The results of analyze showed on pic.4.
Figure 3. Men's waist circle dimension analyzing
The obtained results shows that between 400 respondents there are 7,5% of I group fullness, 27% of II group fullness, 32,5% of III group fullness, 26, 75% of IV group fullness and 6, 25% of V group fullness. The results of consideration dimensional indicators'
fullness amount determine that these indicators are difference in 80-96 dimension group is less than in 100-108 dimension group. Thus shows that the growth of figure dimensions don't effort to the growth of the fullness group dimensions.
Figure 4. Men's figure fullness group distribution
In accordance with men's figure dimension values have been composed size and height values distribution (table 1), and in table showed the percentage of accordance between dimension and heights, however, the main aim is determining the frequency of size and heights of men's about age from 30 to 40.
The research works that realized among respondents show that 92-96-100 size have the most occurrence at III and IV fullness group. The results of the dimension and height values distribution
Table-1. - The distribution of dimension values in
show that 100 size at III height is 10, 25%, 96 size at III height is 8,25% and at IV height is 8,75%, and 92 size at III height is 8,0%.
In consideration of premise the working clothes for the construction, food and auto transport industries' workers and employees should be designed for III and IV heights and 92-96-100 sizes. In projecting men's working cloth the mass production of III and IV heights and 92-96-100 sizes should depend on typical figures only.
accordance with anthropometric research results
Size, sm 80 84
Height, sm III IV I II III IV V
Recommended dimension and height percent,% 0.75 1.25 0.75 1.25 3 2.5 1.25
Size, sm 88 92
Height, sm II III IV V II III IV V VI
Recommended dimension and height percent,% 0.75 2 5 1.75 2 8 7.5 2.25 0.25
Size, sm 96 100
Height, sm II III IV V VI I II III IV V VI
Recommended dimension and height percent,% 3 8.25 8.75 3.25 1.25 0.5 3 10.25 7 5.25 2
Size, sm 104 108
Height, sm II III IV V VI II III IV V
Recommended dimension and height percent,% 0.5 1.25 1.25 0.25 0.75 0.5 1.25 1 0.5
In consideration of anthropometric dimensions in designing the working cloth for construction, food and auto transport industries should be solved following problems:
1) Duration, intensity and recurrent of the dangerous and harmful influence factors;
2) The main figure poses and actions during execution ofthe technological operations by worker. The observation ofthe specific figure poses helps to choose constructive addition and form ofthe working cloth [5].
The researches' results shows that in projecting the working cloth should be recognized the following requirements:
- Correspondence to weather conditions and season of the working cloth exploitation (summer, winter and all-season);
- Strength and durability of the working cloth textile;
- The working cloth should serve several years;
- Strength of the cloth's seam and stitches and durability to the outward factors;
- Comfort in day-to-day wear and ergonomically fitting, fitting the professional features (there are the cloth cut, pockets size, number and placement, fastener construction);
- The construction of the working cloth should support comfort in a process of the worker's different poses and actions;
- Cloth Reliability, it's shape, laundering and shrinkage stability;
- Hygiene accordance: the working cloth should protect from cold, and let in moisture and air.
In designing the working clothes for the industries workers and employees in consideration with man's functional-ergonomically requirements should be realized of the choosing the analyzing methods of construction's rational varieties.
It's necessary to underwrite that depend on operation condition supporting the cloth construction parametrical and dynamical accordance is one of the main factors in designing the working clothes for all spheres' workers.
Conclusion
1. The research results analyze of the men's typical figure structure and dimensional indicators among 400 respondents of the men age from 30 to 40 at Tashkent city and Tashkent region show that height, breast circle and waist circle's dimensional values for designing the working cloth have been analyzed and have been studied men's typical figure fitting fullness group.
2. Under anthropometric research results the dimensional values distribution have been realized and recommend to design men's working cloth for III and IV heights and 92-96-100 sizes.
Substantiation of parameters of equalizing-compacting operating element of the combined machine
3. Designing the working clothes for the construction, food and auto transport industries workers and employees in consideration with man's functional-ergonomically requirements should be
realized of the choosing the analyzing methods of construction's rational varieties.
References:
1. Kamilov H. H., Khamraeva N. K. Chikuwa buyumlarini konstruktsiyalash. - T. - 2011.
2. Babayev A. D. Amal wa anthropology biomechanics. - T. - 2009.
3. Romanov V. E. A systematic approach to the design of special odezhdy. - M., "Light and food industry" - 1981.
4. Dunaevskaya T. N.i others. Dimensional typology of the population with the basics of anatomy and morphology. - M.: "Light industry". - 1980.
5. Surzhenko E. Y. The concept of the ergonomic design of special clothing. Work clothing and personal protective equipment. - M.: - 2001.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-1.2-241-242
Tuhtakuziev Abdusalim, Chief of the Laboratory, Mansurov Muhtorzhon Tohirzhonovich, Senior Researcher, Research-Scientific Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of agriculture (Republic of Uzbekistan) E-mail: ax-stajyor@mail.ru
Substantiation of parameters of equalizing-compacting operating element of the combined machine
Abstract: the results of substantiating the parameters of the equalizing-compacting operating element of the combined machine for the pre-sowing soil tillage are specified in the article.
Keywords: the combined machine, the equalizing-compacting operating element, equalizing part, compacting part, setting angle of compacting part, bending angle of part to be levelled, height of operating element.
We have developed combined machine for soil tillage operations before sowing the agricultural seeds and the research activities on substantiating the reasonable values of the parameters of its operating element have been implemented.
The combined machine consists of allocated on the framework consequently equalizing-compacting operating element and slat roller. At one time pass it ensures equalizing the field surfaces, compacting and crashing the top layers of soil.
Equalizing-compacting operating element (further on operating element) is constructed of two parts: equalizing 1 and compacting 2 (figure 1). It is installed to the framework by means of bars.
The main parameters of operating element are: j—installation angle to compacting part horizon; s — bending angle of equalizing part relatively compacting part; H — height.
Installation angle to compacting part horizon of the operating element were determined in terms in a purpose to ensure its equal time interrelation with soil particles were minimal as in this case, firstly, due to sticking the soil to its working surface, secondly the reliable performance of technologic process implementation at minimal energy costs.
Taking a chance to use a diagram on the fig. 2, a let's determine an interrelation time of the operating element compacting part with soil particles
t = =-K-, (1)
Ve siny VM (cosy- smytg0)siny where h0 — submergence depth of the operating element compacting part into a soil; Ve — soil particle sliding velocity throughout the working surface of the operating element compacting part; VM — onward velocity of machine; $ — external friction angle of
soil.
Let's research the formula (1) base on s for extremum [1] and we will get the following:
n $
Y =
4 2
(2)
In a purpose to determine the bending angle of equalizing part of the operating element relatively its compacting part let's review forces influencing from its side to the soil particles (fig.2, b). In the process when machine is running from the equalizing part of operating element a normal force N and friction force F = Ntgfi influence onto the soil particle.
Let's put N normal force, influencing onto the soil particle over the containing NV and Nt , acting accordingly towards the operating element (machine) and alongside with its equalizing part.
NV = N /sin(y + e) (3)
and
Nt= Nctg (y + e). (4)
Obviously, that in effort to ensure the qualitative equalizing the soil surface the following term must be performed:
Nt< F, (5)
as in otherwise the soil particles are pressed into its deepside without any sufficient longititude motion and at result the required quality on soil surface equalizing will not be ensured.
Taking into account (2) and (4), as well as above mentioned value F, we will get the following:
£ > 90°-(y+$). (6)
height H of the operating element was determined due to exclusion term of sprinkling the soil through its topside edge. In this case we will have the following formula:
