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11Статья поступила в редакцию 12.08.2010. Ред. рег. № 857
The article has entered in publishing office 12.08.2010. Ed. reg. No. 857
Appendix
From Nissan Technical Review No.59 (2006.Sep.)
A TELEMATICS SYSTEM FOR USE IN DEVELOPING FCVs T. Fuse, M. Nishio, M. Hirano, I. Muramoto, Y. Kishi, M. Teramoto
Nissan Motor Co., Ltd.
1, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-8523, JAPAN
The 2005 model year X-TRAIL FCV is fitted with an experimental telematics system that combines GPS technology with a cell phone. Position data and data stored in the vehicle controller are transmitted to a central server via a cell phone communications link. This system facilitates real-time collection of position data and driving data from vehicles being operated in remote locations. The collected data can be immediately analyzed and shared. It has been confirmed that the telematics system is an effective tool for data collection and analysis and that it enables vehicle data to be analyzed more efficiently.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
Из бюллетеня «Nissan Technical Review», выпуск 59 (сентябрь 2006)
ТЕЛЕИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА ДЛЯ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ В СОЗДАВАЕМЫХ АВТОМОБИЛЯХ НА ТОПЛИВНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТАХ
Т. Фусе, М. Нишио, М. Хирано, И. Мурамото, Й. Киши, М. Терамото
Модель автомобиля на топливных элементах X-TRAIL 2005 г. оборудована экспериментальной телеинформационной системой, которая объединяет в себе технологию GPS и сотовой связи. Текущие координаты и данные, которые хранятся в контроллере автомобиля, передаются на центральный сервер по линии сотовой связи. Эта система облегчает задачу сбора данных о местоположении и параметрах хода автомобиля, находящегося на большом удалении, в режиме реального времени. Полученные данные могут быть незамедлительно обработаны и переданы для совместного доступа. Было показано, что телеинформационная система является эффективным средством сбора и анализа данных и что она обеспечивает более эффективную обработку данных.
Г7 -
I
/
Toru Fuse
Organization(s):
Program Directors Office.
1f
Motoharu Nishio
Organization(s): Nissan Research Center, EV System Laboratory, Administration Group, Manager.
Organization(s): Vehicle Test Technology Development Division, Vehicle Test Technology Development Department, Vehicle Performance Test Technology Development Group.
Masaaki Hirano
International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology № 9 (89) 2010
© Scientific Technical Centre «TATA», 2010
Т. Фусе, M. Нишио, M. Хирано и др. Телеинформационная система в создаваемых автомобилях на топливных элементах
Itsuro Muramoto
Organization(s): EV Technology Development Division, EV System Engineering Department, EV System Engineering Group, Manager.
Organization(s): Nissan Research Center, Research Planning Department, Society and Transportation Laboratory.
Yasuhisa Kishi
Organization(s): Vehicle Test Technology Development Division, Vehicle Test Technology Development Department, Vehicle Test Planning Group, Senior Engineer.
M
Masahiko Teramoto
Introduction
In the process of developing vehicles like fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) that are fitted with various new technologies, vehicle operational data obtained in real-world traffic environments represent valuable information. Unlike the situation for gasoline vehicles, there is not a large body of data on FCVs at this point. In order to promote the practical use of FCVs, there is a need to accumulate as much operational data as possible and to analyze the collected data quickly. To accomplish that, the speed at which data are collected must be markedly increased. In this connection, for the sake of vastly expanding the quantities of data available, a system should be constructed that facilitates easy data searches and provides data in an easy-to-use format.
Against this backdrop, we have focused on telematics that allows data to be collected in real time from vehicles being driven at remote sites. Telematics refers to the integrated use of telecommunications and informatics. In that sense, the term also includes driver information services like the CARWINGS service provided by Nissan Motor Company. In this paper, however, the term refers to a system for obtaining operational information on vehicles at remote locations by using a cell phone network.
Overview of Telematics System
System configuration The configuration of the telematics system considered here is illustrated in Fig. 1. The telematics unit installed in an FCV is connected to a GPS antenna and to the vehicle controller, enabling the device to simultaneously record position data and vehicle operational data. The data are transmitted to a central server via a cell phone.
The central server stores the vehicle data and transmits it whenever there is a download request from a client PC. Data transmission and management are processed by the software of the telematics management system on the central server. This management system embodies a security function that allows data access only to authorized users.
The client PCs of users can be connected to the central server either via the Internet or an in-house local area network (LAN). Users can easily access and download the data stored on the central server. Vehicle data are stored on the central server at the same time that a vehicle is being used, enabling users to obtain operational data in real time.
Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 9 (89) 2010 © Научно-технический центр «TATA», 2010
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possible to achieve the drive recorder function. This system enables drive recorder data to be sent sequentially to the central server. When a vehicle enters a tunnel, an underground parking facility or some other place outside the service area of the cell phone network where data transmission is impossible, data are stored in the memory card. Data transmission is then resumed again when the vehicle returns to the service area of the cell phone network.
Fig. 1. Configuration of telematics system
Specifications of telematics unit
Specification Japan USA
GPS antenna OK
Cell phone 3G 2G
Vehicle controller connection CAN
Event triggered collection OK
Drive recorder 10 ms NG
Card memory capacity 500 M-1 GB NG
Methods of transmitting data during vehicle operation The methods used by the telematics unit to transmit data are outlined in Fig. 2. Two types of methods are used for recording data: event trigged data collection and a drive recorder.
Cell phone
communication Internet or in-house LAN
Fig. 2. Data transmission methods during vehicle operation
With the former method, certain load conditions or events that a user wants to analyze are defined in advance among the data collected in real time. When there is a match with a specified event, it triggers the recording of detailed data. At the time the event triggers the collection of data, the central server can send an email notice to the user who defined that event.
The drive recorder constantly records vehicle data while the vehicle is being driven and transmits the data in turn to the central server.
Vehicle position data are recorded as both event triggered data and drive recorder data. To accommodate requests for confirmation of position data alone, the telematics unit has a function for transmitting only position data periodically.
Specifications of telematics unit The specifications of the telematics unit are given in Table. The domestic specification in Japan adopts the use of third-generation (3G) cell phones that can be used in all areas of the country. The data transmission rate of 3G phones is approximately 40 times faster than that of 2G phones. Equipping the telematics unit with a memory card function and using the unit in combination with a 3G phone having a high data transfer rate made it
For the North American specification, 2G phones were selected which have wide service coverage throughout the state of California where the California Fuel Cell Partnership (CaFCP) is based.
Fig. 3 shows the appearance of the domestic telematics unit for use in Japan. The communications port is connected to the vehicle controller by means of a communications cable. A PCMCIA memory card is used, though a compact flash (CF) card can also be used. The expansion port (unused in this study) has functions for analog input and serial communications. Special measuring instruments or peripheral devices can be connected to this port for transmitting their data. The telematics unit has a built-in battery that facilitates data transmission even after the vehicle's ignition system is turned off. This enables the subsequent transmission of data that could not be transmitted during driving due to the condition of the cell phone signal or for some other reason.
Fig. 3. Japanese market model of telematics unit
Overview of telematics management system Typical PC screens of the telematics management system are shown in Fig. 4 for the Japanese version and in Fig. 5 for the North American version. The
International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology № 9 (89) 2010
© Scientific Technical Centre «TATA», 2010
Т. Фусе, М. Нишио, М. Хирано и др. Телеинформационная система в создаваемых автомобилях на топливных элементах
management system is operated from a user's client PC. By using this management system, a user can display the path driven by a vehicle like that shown in Fig. 4, as well as download data and display the vehicle speed in real time. From this PC screen, a user can send commands to telematics units in vehicles at remote locations to set the parameters to be measured or to change the data recording cycle.
Fig. 4. Control center screen in Japan
Real-world environment
Real-time data
transmission
Management system
Vehicle
Component Data
Vehicle Use Management
Searches Analysis
'«»JT«/ 1
Data Cell phone download
30 sec. - б min.
Fig. 6. Outline of automatic data accumulation at control center
Sample Data
This section presents some examples of the data collected with the telematics system. Fig. 7 shows an example of driving data for climbing a hill. The GPS data transmitted simultaneously with the vehicle data include the longitude and latitude of the vehicle's position as well as the altitude. Combining the altitude with the vehicle data makes it possible to analyze the operational conditions when driving uphill. Data combined with such information on real-world driving conditions are constantly stored on the central server for subsequent analysis.
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l.'fc VH'.'J Г2:ОВЭ0РМ 12:2CM0PM Í2:25"HPM 12ЛЫ1РЫ 12:37:26РМ 1г«:12РМ
Fig. 7. Example of driving data
Fig. 5. Control center screen in USA
The data search function was improved so that users can download the data they need whenever necessary from the data stored on the central server. The function for storing data in the database was also improved so as to shorten the download time. This improvement enables users to download vehicle data in real time while a vehicle is being operated. As a result, data on a vehicle currently in use can be downloaded in approximately 30 sec. to 5 min. For position data or small quantities of data, this facilitates the downloading of data in real time. Outline of automatic data accumulation is shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 8. Investigation of FCV driving area
Fig. 8 and 9 present examples of an analysis of vehicle data for driving in a suburban area. The vehicle data collected from FCVs driven in the area shown in
Международный научный журнал «Альтернативная энергетика и экология» № 9 (89) 2010 © Научно-технический центр «TATA», 2010
Fig. 8 were statistically processed and an analysis was made of the frequency of the fuel cell stack output, as shown in Fig. 9. The results of this analysis were used as reference data in determining the output characteristics of the fuel cell. As this example illustrates, the telematics system made it possible to analyze real-world driving data and to feed the results back to the development process.
Ratio of stack output (when rated output = 100%) (%)
Fig. 9. Statistical data of vehicle operation
Improvement of Experimental Work Efficiency using the Telematics System
The use of the telematics system has been effective in improving the efficiency of experimental work. This section describes some typical examples of the improvements achieved.
(1) Improvement of experimental work safety and accuracy At the development stage of the 2005 X-TRAIL FCV, the telematics system was used to convey information to the development engineers in real time whenever a problem occurred during vehicle testing at the proving ground. The engineers were able to analyze the data immediately and investigate a solution to the problem. As a result, the pace of the development work was increased, and simultaneously, the circumstances of the experimental work were monitored in real time. That improved the accuracy of the experimental work and reduced the amount of work that had to be redone.
(2) Improvement of test preparation efficiency
Previously, we went to the test site to set the
measuring equipment before an evaluation test was conducted. Installing a telematics unit in the test vehicle in advance made it possible to change the instrument settings by remote control, thereby shortening the test preparation time.
(3) Improvement of data processing efficiency
In the past, measured data were transferred to a PC following the conclusion of a test and converted to a storage format that allowed subsequent analysis. The introduction of the telematics system makes it easy to extract only the information needed to conduct an analysis, which has improved data processing efficiency.
(4) Global sharing of data
The telematics system enables data to be viewed from anywhere in the world because of the ubiquitous presence of servers capable of displaying the data. As a result, experimental data stored at overseas facilities can also be viewed in Japan, which helps to improve development work efficiency.
Conclusion
The experimental telematics system described here is intended for use in developing vehicles like FCVs that are fitted with various new technologies. It has been confirmed that this system is an effective tool for data collection and analysis. Further, it has been verified that the telematics system is also effective for supporting experimental work and reducing manpower requirements. In the course of actually using the system it has become clear there that there are various needs remaining to be addressed, such as additional automation of analysis tasks and improvement of convenience, among other things. It is planned to make further improvements to the system with an eye toward further improving the efficiency of experimental work.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank various individuals inside and outside the company for their valuable cooperation in connection with the development of the telematics system.
International Scientific Journal for Alternative Energy and Ecology № 9 (89) 2010
© Scientific Technical Centre «TATA», 2010
