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42 Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific Journal)#3(19), 2017 ИЗЯ
Dronyk I.I
assatant of the Children's Dental Surgery department, Higher State Educational Establishment of
Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University»
Shostenko A.A
assatant of the Children's Dental Surgery department, Higher State Educational Establishment of
Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University» Дроник 1ван 1ванович асистенти кафедри хiрyргiчноi та дитячоН стоматологИ ВДНЗУ "Буковинський державний медичний yHiверситет "
Шостенко Алла Анатоливна асистенти кафедри хiрyргiчноi та дитячо'1' стоматологИ ВДНЗУ "Буковинський державний медичний утверситет "
A COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTIC OF TOOTHPASTES AND RINSES FOR THE ORAL CAVITY IN A COMPREHENSIVE THERAPY OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC CATARRHAL
GINGIVITIS
ПОР1ВНЯЛЬНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ЗУБНИХ ПАСТ ТА ОПОЛ1СКУВАЧ1В ПОРОЖНИНИ РОТА В КОМПЛЕКСН1Й ТЕРАПП ХВОРИХ НА ХРОН1ЧНИЙ КАТАРАЛЬНИЙ Г1НГ1В1Т.
Summary: Diseases of the periodontal tissues can afflict not only adults but they occur among children as well. Chronic gingivitis is estimated by the WHO among European children to be on the rate of 80% at the age of 10-12 years, and on the rate of 100% among the children at the age of 14-15. Chronic catarrhal gingivitis occupies the first position among all other nosologies, it is diagnosed in 80-85% of patients, and chronic hypertrophic gingivitis is on the second position with the rate of occurrence of 10-15%. Occurrence of periodontitis at the age of 17-18 achieves 20%. Parodontosis among children is practically not found.
Key words: periodontal tissues, chronic gingivitis, children, hypertrophic gingivitis.
Анотащя: Захворювання тканин пародонту притамант не тшьки дорослим, вони досить поширет i серед дггей. За даними ВООЗ хротчний пнпвгт серед дгтей £вропи виявляеться у 80 % у вщ 10 - 12 рошв та в 100 % у дней вгково! групи 14 - 15 рошв. Серед вих нозологш перше мюце за частотою виникнення належить хрошчному катаральному пнпвгту, вш дiагноcтуетьcя у 80 - 85 %, на другому мющ хрошчний гiпертрофiчний пнпвгт з частотою виникнення 10 - 15 %. Поширенють пародонтиту у вшовш категорп 17 - 18 рошв досягае 20 %. Пародонтоз у дней майже не зуcтрiчаетьcя.
Ключовi слова: пародонтальш тканини, хрошчний пнпвгт, дгти, гiпертрофiчний гшпвгт.
Preconditions for periodontal diseases are known to have both topical and systemic character, although this division is rather symbolic as etiological factors can be closely associated with each other and general body condition in particular.
It should be noted that a certain correlation is found between etiological factors and conditions of their realization especially among children. Topical and general preconditions of occurrence of diseases create a variable effect on the unformed periodontal tissue, and as a result, inconsiderable irritants affecting the periodontium, which is in its condition of formation, provoke occurrence of the disease.
Periodontitis is a self-reliant nosological unit among periodontal diseases. It determines that in the basis of the disease is a primary inflammatory process involving all the periodontal tissues. A deep inflammation in the periodontal tissues might be preceded by a long-term course of generalized catarrhal gingivitis. The disease cannot develop without it. Naturally gingivitis itself is the ground for possible development of periodontitis. In case the treatment of gingivitis is wrong, insufficient and untimely deeper lesion occurs.
Considering the mentioned above we can suggest that more severe diseases are preceded by pre-diseases, preconditions interpreted as the ground for pathological factors promoting development of the disease comparatively easier than under other conditions. Gingivitis is
one of the most spread nosological units among other periodontal diseases. Normobiocoenosis of the gingival sulcus occupies one of the key positions in its etiology. It is considered as a well-balanced biological system. And infectious agents are factors able to overcome topical mechanisms of non-specific protection at the initial and further stages of the disease development.
Accumulation even opportunistic microorganisms in dental deposit and its long-term remains on certain areas of the gingiva in case of unhygienic condition of the oral cavity are able to inhibit topical non-specific protection and therefore change biological balance of microorganisms in the gingival tissues resulting in further inflammation.
General body condition should be considered separately. Experienced infectious diseases, stress factors impact, irrational intake of antibiotics, vitamin and trace element deficiency can lead to disorders of symbiotic interrelations of the body with its normal microflora. Disorders of normobiocoenosis in the gingival sulcus due to these factors will promote occurrence of virulent microorganisms and imbalance of biological equilibrium.
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of toothpastes and rinses for the oral cavity with different action on the periodontal tissues in a comprehensive therapy of patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
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Materials and methods. Two groups of patients were formed to solve the given tasks. The first group included 19 individuals, the second one - 18. They were of an identical age and sex, similar severity of the disease, diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis on the moment of the study.
The investigation was conducted among the pupils of a specialized boarding school "Multidisciplinary Lyceum for Gifted Children" in Chernivtsi. The day before our study possible complications, purpose and methods of investigation were explained to all the children and their tutors in the form popular for their understanding. The study itself was conducted after receiving an informed consent.
All the patients underwent a standard complex of examinations including collection of anamnesis, instrumental examination of the periodontal tissues, detection of oral hygiene according to Fedorov-Volodkina index (1971), and evaluation of the periodontal tissues by means of PMA and SBI indices.
The initial stage of treatment of patients from the 1st and 2nd groups included teaching rational oral hygiene, performing professional hygienic procedures (removal of dental deposits and other harmful factors).
Further therapeutic stage included a traditional scheme of gingivitis treatment in both groups, although with different means of individual oral hygiene in every group.
Patients from the 1st group used the toothpaste with a sorption action Dentalen and oral rinse Dentalen strong. This group of oral means contain the sorbent
Enterosgel.
Application of nanosorbents in the focus of inflammation and in inflammatory processes of the peri-odontal tissues in particular promotes reduction of exudate, normalization of local hemodynamics. Sorbents resist bacterial fixation on the surface of the teeth and oral mucous membrane ensuring anti-inflammatory action. They normalize the condition of the periodontal complex resulting from removal of microorganisms and toxins, and as a result it leads to rather better values of the oral hygiene indices.
The toothpastes Dentalen contain probiotics promoting restoration of normobiosis of the oral cavity.
Patients of the 2nd group used the toothpaste and oral rinse of the trade mark PRESIDENT (toothpaste PresiDent Exclusive and rinse PresiDent Profi).
The toothpaste PresiDent Exclusive contains the combination of hexetidine, fluorine, extracts of thyme and propolis ensuring a wide spectrum of antibacterial and antifungal activity against Candida fungi in particular.
The oral rinse PresiDent Profi includes chlor-hexedine (0,12%), the extracts of sage, chamomile and echinacea. This composition provides a strong antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, keratoplastic action.
The term of use of the toothpastes and oral rinses in every group was 3 weeks and suggested brushing the teeth twice a day (in the morning and in the evening) after taking meals. During this period all the participants used tooth brushes of a"soft" type. The rinse was used twice a day as well.
Results of the study. The primary dental examination of the patients revealed inconsiderable swelling and gingival hyperemia with cyanotic tint, halitosis, gingival tissue bleeding of a various degree while probing the gingival sulcus.
The results of Fedorov-Volodkina index demonstrated unsatisfactory hygienic condition among 64% of the examined children. 24% of children demonstrated satisfactory hygienic indices. 10% of the examined children showed good oral hygiene, that totally was within 1,1-1,4.
Considering PMA index reflecting the degree of extension of inflammatory process in the gingival tissues the indices were the following: chronic catarrhal gingivitis of a moderate severity was found in 14 out of 37 children that was 37% of all the examined pupils, a mild degree of gingivitis was found in the rest of children (23 pupils - 62 %).
Sulcus bleeding index (SBI) detected 1, 2 and 3 degrees of inflammation. The 1st degree of inflammation manifested by unchanged appearance of the gingiva and bleeding during probing was detected in 16% of all the examined (6 individuals). Changes of the gingival color due to inflammation, bleeding during probing was found in 48,6% (the 2nd degree). In addition to the above mentioned symptoms of the first two degrees slight swelling of the gingival tissues peculiar for the 3rd degree was detected in 13 children out of 37.
Further stage of the study with repeated detection of the dental status and repeated index evaluation of all the parameters was conducted 21 days later (3 weeks). During this period the patients from the 1st and 2nd groups received a standard course of treatment for gingivitis and they continued their hygienic oral care by means of the suggested means for both groups according to the scheme of their use.
A checking detection of the indices (21 days later) found the following in the 1st group: according to Fedo-rov-Volodkina index good hygienic condition of the oral cavity was detected in 84% of children (16 individuals), three children of this group had satisfactory hygienic condition (15 %).
In the 2nd group these indices differed: good oral hygiene was detected in 14 out of 18 children, and satisfactory condition was found in 22% (4 individuals).
Concerning the values of sulcus bleeding index (SBI) the results were the following: the 1st group of patients demonstrated the 1st degree of inflammation in 78%, the 2nd degree of inflammation in 21% of the group.
In the 2nd group of the study 88% of the examined children on the moment of examination demonstrated unchanged gingival tissue and bleeding occurring after probing which corresponded to the 1st degree, in the rest of the children (12%) the 2nd degree was detected.
PMAindex found that there was no considerable difference between the patients from the 1st and 2nd groups found, although better indices were detected among the children from the 2nd group. On the moment of checking examination in 86 % of children from both groups residual inflammatory effects were found which corresponded to a mild degree of gingivitis, the rest of
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Wschodnioeuropejskie Czasopismo Naukowe (East European Scientific JournaI)#3( 19), 2017
the children (14%) demonstrated a moderate severity of chronic catarrhal gingivitis.
Conclusion. Clinical observations during the period of the study detected a positive dynamics in the treatment of patients in the 1st and 2nd groups. Gingival condition in children of both groups improved which is evidenced by the data of index evaluation.
The toothpaste with a sorption action Dentalen and oral rinse Dentalen strong containing nanosorbent demonstrate better properties, although the means of the trade mark PRESIDENT (toothpaste PresiDent Exclusive and rinse PresiDent Profi) possess better antibacterial and anti-inflammatory action.
References.
1. Grudianov A.I. Periodontal diseases. - M., Mia, 2009.
2. Kuriakina N.V. Periodontal diseases // Moscow - Medical book. - N.Nowgorod. - 2007. - p.292.
3. Kuznetsov E.V. Microbial flora of the oral cavity and its role in the development of pathological processes / E.V. Kuznetsov, V.N. Tsarev // Therapeutic dentistry: Educational manual. - M.: Medpress-inform. - 2003. - P.178-212
4. Zorina O.A. Microbiocenosis of the oral cavity within the norm and in case of inflammatory perio-dontal diseases / O.A. Zorina, A.A. Kulakov, A.I. Grudianov // Stomatology, 2011,1. - p. 73-78.
5. Therapeutic stomatology // Textbook: in 3 parts, edited by G.M. Barer. - Moscow. - GEOTAR -Media. - 2008. - P.2. - Periodontal diseases. - 224 p.
6. Mashchenko I.S. Inflammatory and dystrophic periodontal diseases: educational text book. - Dnepropetrovsk: ART-PRES, 2003. - 244 p.
Kitsak T.C.
assatant of the Children's Dental Surgery department, Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine
«Bukovinian State Medical University» Кцак Тетяна Степатвна асистент кафедри хiрyргiчноi та дитячо'1 стоматологИ ВДНЗД "Буковинський державний медичний yHiверситет "
STATE OF DENTAL MORBIDITY RATEAMONG PASSENGER CAR ATTENDANTS OF CHERNIVTSI RAILROAD CENTRE OF LVIV RAILROAD СТОМАТОЛОГ1ЧНА ПАТОЛОГ1Я У ПРОВ1ДНИК1В ПАСАЖИРСЬКИХ ВАГОН1В ЧЕРН1ВЕЦЬКОГО ВУЗЛА ЛЬВ1ВСЬКО1 ЗАЛ1ЗНИЦ1
Summary: 3661 railroad men are employed by Chernivtsi railroad centre of Lviv railroad, of which the car attendants constitute the largest part- 484 (13,2%). While carrying out their professional duties the passenger car attendants are constantly under the influence of a number of harmful factors: abrupt changes in working temperature range, noise and vibration, dust content, enhanced level of air microbial contamination inside the cars, disturbance of sleep and rest schedule, physiological and neuro-emotional tension.
Key words: dental disease, harmful factors, neuro-emotional stress.
Анотащя: На Чершвецькому вузлi Львiвськоi залiзницi працюе 3661 залiзничник, з них провщники складають найб№шу частку - 484 (13,2%). Провщники знаходяться шд впливом низки шшдливих чин-нишв: pi3Ki змши температурного режиму, шум та вiбрацiя, запиленють, тдвищений piBem мiкробноi за-брудненосп повпря вагошв, порушення режиму сну та вщпочинку, нервово-емоцшш навантаження.
Ключовi слова: хвороби зубiв, шкiдливi фактори, нервово-емоцшш навантаження.
The increase of dental morbidity rateamong people whose professional activity is connected with chronic exposure of their organs to occupational hazards is associated with the increase of chronic concomitant physical diseases, changes in antioxidant-prooxi-dant system of mouth cavity tissues, microbial equilibrium, and toxic hypoxia. Various harmful factors of the working environment influence the employees in the process of their working career that is why the working conditions are considerably determined by the presence of industrial hazards. The occupational hazards are determined as working environment conditions which in case of irrational organization of work affect the employees' health and their working ability.
Depending on the nature of the occupational hazards origin they are divided into: hazards associated with labour process which are caused by the irrational labour organization (excessive tension of the nervous system, tension of visual organs, hearing organs, great labour intensity, etc.); hazards associated with the occupational process created by the technical deficiencies
of the operating machinery (industrial dust, noise, vibration, hazardous chemicals, radiation). In Ukraine, on the average 7,5-8 thousand professional diseases are registered annually, which itself shows the complexity and ambiguity of the estimates to use these indicators for making conclusions and taking organizational and administrative decisions.
The research worksaimed at identifyingthe forming patterns of health of the passenger car attendants under the influence of occupational factors for the purpose of scientific justification of low-cost and effective health improvement are of great importancesince prolonged exposure of the organism to harmful factors worsens health and results incontraction of various diseases that adversely affects the performance of official duties by the employees.
The aim of the research. To examine the state of dental hard tissues, to assess the intensity and peculiarities of clinical manifestations of both carious proces-sand noncariousaffectsof dental hard tissues among the passenger car attendants of Chernivtsi station.
