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At the end of the article, the author writes that it is impossible to do without the creation of the international antiterrorist coalition in this regard. Russia has long called for and calls for it now. The Western countries should stop trying to impose their recipes for the further development of the peoples of sovereign states. All the recent history demonstrates their full counter-productivity, leading to the deprivation of millions of people, forced to seek refuge and food far from their destroyed native homes.
The author of the abstract - N. Ginesina
2017.01.019. O. BIBIKOVA. MIGRATION CRISIS IN 2006 AND ITS CONSEQUENCES // "Ekonomicheskie, sotsialno-politicheskie, i etnokonfessionalnye problemy afro-aziatskih stran. Pamyati L.F. Pakhomovoi", Institute of Oriental Studies of RAS, Moscow, 2016, P. 31-45.
Keywords: migration crisis, Syria, Turkey, R. Erdogan, EU, Germany, A. Merkel.
O. Bibikova,
PhD (History),
the First Deputy Editor-in-Chief of Science Information Bulletin "Russia and the Moslem World", Institute of Oriental studies, RAS
Migration became one of the main factors for social changes in globalizing world. Migration was previously controlled by host countries because the states made an agreement to replace labor forces but at the turn of 20 and 21 centuries illegal immigration began increasing.
Migration resulted mainly in negative consequences for the countries having lost the part of population. Migration causes concrete changes in the society structure. More and more one feels a lack of labor forces owing to a departure of the most active
young and healthy, professionally trained people. Besides, migration results in manhood number decreasing in some countries and brings to negative demographic consequences as a result. However, incomings sent back in their countries back give capital to develop national economy of these countries, improves socio-economic status of the immigrants families. It is difficult enough to define sums of money sent in the countries of origin as sometimes this money is illegally sent. A high concentration of ingenious people negatively influences on social relations, culture, national identity and police of host countries. It is most pronounced under current conditions when the European countries with demographic problems and a high level of unemployment are forced out of receiving migrants from the non-European countries. By that one should note that there is no agreement within the EU concerning the necessity to receive this people. Some countries are opposed to such decision in spite of the demographic (low birth rate) problems. However, one doesn't observe other decision within the EU. German Chancellor A. Merkel' is an active supporter for receiving the new immigrants though the most part of her country don't consider this decision to be correct.
Germany is one of the EU countries where the immigration is a burning issue. In Europe just Germany receives immigrants most of all. The most number of immigrants beginning from 1970-ss arrived from Turkey. Manpower needs was initially supplied on the basis of the German-Turkish inter-governmental agreement. Today the Moslem community of Germany mainly consists of the Turkish immigrants as a result of it. Besides them there are some Maghrebs and also the Moslem-immigrants from the former Yugoslavia and Albania and, in these latter days, immigrants from the West Africa. However, the most part of immigrants from the countries of Maghreb prefer France, Belgium, Italy and Greece. The reason is, first of all, the longstanding connections of the countries of Maghreb with France and Belgium and also the French language studied at schools of
Maghreb and the West Africa till now. The Romanians, the Albanians and other immigrants from the former Yugoslavia more inclined to Italy.
In 2015 migration crisis happened in Europe when about 1,2 millions of migrants arrived at the territory of the EU countries only during the first 10 months. First of all, it is the unwanted migrants who have left the regions where the military-political situation is especially instable including Afghanistan, Syria and there is a civil war going on and also from Eritrea with a very highly dictatorial regime. The European Commission announced that the present migration crisis in the world is the most serious one in the years since the Second World War.
In more recent times a number of migrants trying to get across to just Europe was considerably increased. The problem is that the European population of the continent is tragically decreased. Until recently Europe has joined its ranks owing to the third generation of migrants being born in Europe, the migrants from the countries of Yugoslavia, the citizens of the former socialist countries of the Eastern Europe and Baltic countries and also owing to unrelenting illegal immigrants. The main supplier of immigrants were the former colonies of the European countries, first of all, the countries of the North Africa when their representatives swum across the Mediterranean Sea and reached the island Lampedusa had done a vanishing act. In all cases the deportation is possible only when an immigrant or a refugee presents a petition on granting refugee status and gets a negative answer. So there were always the numerous illegals in Europe waiting for the next amnesty which will provide them to establish themselves within a given country. Today the mechanisms have already been formed to help immigrants to come over to Europe. There emerged a general industry which profits off of the potential refugees needs. According to the International organization data on migration (IOM) the contraband of migrants brings the same return as narcotics trade. According to some data the carriers have earned 16 billion
euro transferring immigrants in Europe from the beginning of 21 century.
In 2015-2016 there were regular shipwrecks with several hundreds of immigrants on the board. In spring 2015 the EU made a decision to change an attitude towards those who tried to reach the sacred European land after the European Commission had rejected a suggestion to sink the ships with refugees near the African land. The patrol ships were suggested not to haul the ships back the African seaside but to take migrants on the board and deliver them to the territory of the EU. This adopted decision has ignited the criminal carriers to enhance their activity. The chances of immigrants to reach Europe were increased owing to increasing of a number of the patrol ships and their presence near the African shores. Having modern communications lines the rumors on this fact have flied all over the Mediterranean world. Those who traditionally transferred migrants from the territory of Turkey have used a possibility to expand their business.
Today the most part of refugees arrive at Europe from Turkey. This fact makes to be deep in thought about a role of Turkey in the immigrant transference in Europe. One of the oldest migration ways is the Afghan one and it passes through just Turkey. Until recently it was controlled by the Kurds. The Balkan countries which a main flow of refugees goes through don't cope with a migration flow. In this context it is logically to close the border for refugees. But the European politicians confess that it is impossible to make E. Erdogan doing it; One can only agree on with him. The Chancellor A. Merkel' promised 3 billion euro and also the German support on a problem to take Turkey into the EU.
The study of a modern migration bam brings to the conclusion that it had been previously well-organized and planned process which not only migrants and the receiving countries were interested in but also other political actors. This poses many questions. For an example, why do the newly arrived
refugees at the Italian island Lampedusa, get a sim-card free of charge? One gets impression that owing to this card the refugees can independently establish themselves in those countries where their compatriots had already established themselves. The Island turned into a transit location for illegal immigrants, mainly, the Africans who had arrived at Lampedusa hoping to emigrate in Italy because of the island nearness to Africa.
The present migration mobility is different from the previous migration insertion to a great extent. The problem is that a multinational community under the mask of "the Syrian refugees" takes place the part of which has a protected status long ago. Until quite recently Syria itself was a habitation for refugees. Today there are refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Eritrea, Mali and Sudan, calling themselves "Syrians" and even having the Syrian passports (according to data such passports are bought in Turkey or Bulgaria). Such original "bunch" suggests that among the refugees there can be the soldiers taken part in the military operations alongside the ISIS. Besides, one should remind that the soldiers in the occupied Syrian towns released convicts from jail making them to take part in the military operations. There are grounds for believing that just the Syrians destroyed their documents at the door of the European countries in order not to be recognized later and more than other refugees are eager to get the right for a permanent stay in Europe. However, the most part of the refugees moving to Europe in 2015 was represented by no means by the Syrians. The Syrians were less than one third and the Afghans were approximately the same number. The rest were immigrants from the other countries including the European not being co-opted into the EU.
Since the European authorities made sure that there are many those under a mask of "the Syrian refugees" but they aren't the Syrian Arabs the migration authorities divided refugees into categories. The refugees from the countries where a war is going on, first of all, Iraq, Syria and Eritrea stand more chances in
comparison with refugees from Afghanistan, Pakistan or Nigeria. One should prove the facts of pursuit. In November 2015, a weekly deportation of the Albans from Germany was organized by charter flights.
A migration process impacted directly on the national policy of the European states. Parties of the right got an access to the European Parliament and the parliaments of Great Britain, France and some Scandinavian states. But R. Erdogan becomes a beneficial owner who could send a great mass of humanity from the country and owing to it the Turks have earned good money. The Europeans gave hope to Ankara to take into the EU.
The European Commission promised to settle refugees regularly having developed a new system for a legal settlement of migrants.
Turkey considers a membership in the EU as one of its strategic goals. No doubt that Ankara will use the openings in order to transport the Moslems in Europe as many as possible. Turkey itself reckons on that it will be able to have the equal number of Euro-MP with Germany and then become a leading state of the EU after having joined the EU.
The author of abstract -V. Schensnovich
