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2017.01.009. N. GARUNOVA. THE QUESTION OF CULTURE AND INTERACTION OF TOLERANCE PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTION TO YOUTH EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM IN DAGESTAN // «II Bigievskie chteniya - 2015. The Muslim thought in the XXI century: the unity of tradition and renewal: Materials of the II International scientific - educational conference, Saint-Petersburg, 17 May 20, 2015", Moscow, 2016, P. 310-317.
Keywords: traditional religions, Judaism, Christianity, Islam, moral and spiritual ideals, Dagestan, Wahhabism.
N. Garunova
Dr. Sc. (History), Professor, Department of Russian History in 20-21 centuries, Dagestan State University
The author writes that there is a unique experience of interaction among religions and peoples in Dagestan, generated over the centuries. Poly-ethno-confessional environment, formed in the country, helped to avoid conflicts and wars. Traditional religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam) have a high spiritual and moral potential and play an important role in ensuring social and political stability, as well as approval of the humanistic, moral and spiritual ideals and values in the Dagestan society.
The author underlines that the emergence of religious extremism in the Republic, causing the escalation of the situation in the social and religious environment, is not a typical phenomenon for the modern Islamic renaissance of Dagestan. Extremism causes the confrontation between supporters of different currents of Islam. Religious extremists try to radicalize the situation in the Caucasus, in Dagestan. Such version of extremism as a religious and political movement "Wahhabism" is not peculiar to the peoples of the Caucasus at all.
Wahhabism is not so much a theological as a political phenomenon. The goal of radical Wahhabi groups is to discredit
the traditional Islam and the Russian government; to undermine the credibility of the center; to strengthen the position the "reformers and modernizers Islam"; to weaken the positions of authority and traditional clergy; to expand the area of regular attacks. Radical political extremism and terrorism are in Dagestan, on the one hand, the response of discontented strata of the population to the solution of socio-economic, political and ethnic problems, and on the other - a religious activity aimed at violent change of the power system or seizure of power, incitement of religious, national, racial enmity and hatred.
The author points out that there is a difficult situation in Dagestan: value guidelines in social relations have been distorted, clanishness and corrupt relationships have ousted, legal ones almost completely. Ignoring of the public interest, law and morality has become the norm. The worst types of Western "progressive" culture are imposed to the society unceremoniously, crushing much more humane and ancient culture of the peoples of Dagestan.
Dagestan, as well as other republics of the North Caucasus, is inhabited by mostly Muslims, for whom loyalty to the community and the prevalence of public interests over private ones are the basic social values. For centuries, the life and relationships of the mountain peoples have been based on unwritten and written laws - adats and sharia. As a consequence, a special mentality and values have been formed, such as: a heightened sense of justice and freedom, a strict traditionalism and family life, indisputable authority of parents and respect for elders, initiative and sense of responsibility. The people are not ready to accept today the implanted ideology of immorality, venality and treachery and this is perceived as an encroachment on ancient national values.
The fight against religious and political extremism, and especially with the massive discontent of the people, relying only on military force is the way absolutely hopeless and dangerous for all citizens of the republic since every war takes the best. The author
argues that the government should face the problems of the population, because the region will remain a generator of destabilization across Russia in all investments and counter-terrorist operations, and the youths will play a huge role in this process.
The author compares the current situation of the youths with the same in the Soviet times when the state took care of the younger generation, and with the situation in the post-Soviet Russia, when the youths were left to themselves. The hardships of everyday life, mass impoverishment and unemployment, distrust of people in power, disadvantages of family and school education, unfavorable situation in families have created a social and psychological distress among young people. Under these conditions, some radical religious, ethnic movements, criminal organizations have taken the so-called "Care" about these people in Dagestan. They explain simply and clearly for young people, that apostates from the true faith, people of other nationalities, the corrupt pro-Russian power, migrants are guilty of all their troubles.
According to the author, it is impossible to solve the problem of inculcating of social and cultural qualities to younger generations without reviving traditional, organizational and pedagogical methods of training and education.
The revival of the traditional culture of education and training is directly related to the revival of the national culture. Acceptance, respect for other people and their culture, history, rights, interests, traditions and the awareness of belonging to the common state is the result of centuries of joint struggle of different peoples against foreign invaders for independence and prosperity. Ignorance and lack of understanding of cultures and traditions of other nations have a negative impact on constructive international cooperation, whereas understanding and tolerance is a source of constructive inter-ethnic cooperation.
The author notes that nowadays Wahhabism also acquired a fanatical religious ideology in Russia. The core component of
the fanatical ideological doctrine and socio-political practices of Wahhabism is the idea of the protection of strict monotheism as the main principle of Islam.
The author concludes that the modern youths of Dagestan have absorbed a lot of negative phenomena and processes, taking place in our society, and a significant part of it has become a destabilizing factor in social development. This situation requires immediate intervention of the state, all the healthy forces of the society in solving the problems of youths in the development of culture. Today Dagestan is unable to cope with these problems on its own.
The author of the abstract - E. Dmitrieva
2017.01.010. S. ZHEMCHURAEVA. ON THE QUESTION ABOUT THE POSITION OF RELIGION IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE CHECHEN IDENTITY // "II Bigievskie chteniya - 2015. The Moslem thought in XXI century: The renewal and tradition unity: materials of II International scientific-educational conference, Saint-Petersburg, 17-20 May 2015", Moscow, 2016, P. 27-281.
Keywords: the Chechen identity, religion, a language, taip, ethnos.
S. Zhemchuraeva,
Ph. D. (Sociology),
Complex Research Institute named
after Kh. I. Ibragimov, RAS (Grozny)
The identity problem emerges full blown under current conditions more and more. The interaction of a human-being with environment during operating activities influences on the national character, life values constituting people's mentality in many respects. It is a form of spiritual adaptation to the life environment to a great extent. The Chechen identity was historically formed under social-political conditions of immense complexity having considerably impacted on constituents of its
