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12Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 12 (2013 6) 1787-1799
УДК 93/99
Residents' Participance in the Celebration of the Tobolsk Province in Tercentenary of Romanovs' House
Alexander А. Valitov* and Igor S. Tomilov
Tobolsk Complex Scientific Station UB RAS 15 Ac. Yuri Osipov, Tobolsk, 626150 Russia
Received 06.06.2013, received in revised form 09.06.2013, accepted 02.11.2013
The purpose of this article is the research devoted to celebration in the Tobolsk province of the tercentenary of Romanovs' house. Besides, participation and a contribution of inhabitants of this region in anniversary events at all-imperial level are noted. Assistance of the population of the Tobolsk province in preparation and carrying out actions of various character - from secular to religious and from regional to nation-wide is revealed. The contribution of the authorities of edge, his inhabitants is shown. The trip to St. Petersburg of archpriest Dimitry Smirnov with a gift of the Abalaksky icon for emperor Nikolay IIfrom inhabitants of the Tobolsk province is also colourfully and brightly described, his personal moods and experiences are shown.
At last, reflection is found and influence of this event in the general context of celebrations, and value of anniversary for all estates of the Tobolsk province is in detail opened.
Thus, in four years prior to falling of the imperial power in Russia, the nation was fastened by three eyelids of monarchic traditions. As experiment of Western Siberia shows, most fully it was shown in the provinces remoted from the center.
Keywords: anniversary, Romanovs' house, the Tobolsk province, the Abalaksky icon, the Tobolsk delegation, the siberian and Tobolsk diocese, an imperial family.
Work performed under the project of young scientists and graduate students TKNS UB RAS 2013 (№ M-G-13-1).
Introduction
In public life late imperial Russia the events have come to occupy an important place dedicated to anniversaries and memorials of famous historical events.
Beginning of XX century was marked by a series of celebrations of various kinds and sizes. The researcher Cymbaev K.N. noted: «The constant celebration of important dates is a feature of russian life of this period, when the
© Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved
* Corresponding author E-mail address: val11@bk.ru
society and the state is literally covered by the Jubilee fever» (Tsimbayev, 2005). But on the other hand, one of the members of the imperial family, watching the celebration in 1913, recalled: «I got the impression that the anniversary of the Romanov's House passed without much enthusiasm ... Of course, in the theater the invited audience shouted "Hurrah", the band played a hymn, but there was no mood. Everything was state-owned, there was no feeling that everybody
- 1787 -
of Russia unanimously celebrates his dynasty» (Konstantinovich, 1955: 94).
At that time there were not only the anniversaries of major historical events in Russia, usually organized by the state. Various political, social, scientific, cultural, commercial interests have used the smallest reasons for celebrating received a certain resonance. In the last years before the First World War noncircular anniversaries were often widely celebrated annually tens such as the 40th anniversary of the founder of a scientific aerodynamics N.E. Zhukovsky, the 30th anniversary of the funeral of General M.D. Skobelev or 45th anniversary of the founding the Katkovsky's school in Moscow.
Domestic and foreign historians underestimated phenomenon of anniversaries of late imperial Russia in the early XX century.
In contrast to european celebrations, which have been studied in detail, the russian almost had no interest by historians. Dealt with only certain aspects of the phenomenon, mainly related to the war of 1812 (Nekrasov, Zemtsov, 1969). In soviet historiography only in the article by Dyakova there is mention of the century in the battle of Borodino in the total number of anniversaries in relation to their impact on the pre-revolutionary Russian historiography (Dyakov, 1981). This theme had not received further development of until now. One may note only one section of the monograph «Russia at the beginning of XX century», dedicated to the celebrations of 19031913 years (Ulyanova, 2002). Built on a wealth of facts and describing all the major anniversaries of the century, this work is only a general overview of the topic.
One of the first major research projects in the newest national historical literature devoted to Emperor Nicholas II, is the study of B.V. Ananyich and R.Sh. Ganelin (Ananyich, Ganelin, 1993). The merit of the authors of a detailed account of the monarch's biography and an
attempt to examine his views. And anniversary's celebrations passes reference. However, a weak base documentary research strikes. The work is based mainly on the works of 1960-1970's, memories or diaries dignitaries, who treated the Emperor biased or relatives. Certain factual material about the reign of Nicholas II gives the work of A.M. Anfimova (Anfimov, 1994).
Of foreign researchers Richard Wortman addressed primarily to study anniversaries. The fundamental work «Scenarios of power» belongs to him, which remains one of a kind work, detailed coverage of the ceremonial and festive traditions of imperial Russia. One of the chapters of this study specifically devoted to the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, in which the author describes in detail the celebration -from training activities and erecting monuments to the actual celebrations in St. Petersburg and other cities (Wortman, 1989). In addition, to the problem of perception and processing of military and historical experience in 1912 an article german historian K. Schneider is devoted «100 years after Napoleon» (Schneider, 2001). The religious aspect of the anniversary celebrations and the Church's role in these events in detail and thoroughly covered in a number of papers of K.N. Tsimbaev «The Orthodox Church and state anniversaries of Imperial Russia» (Tsimbayev, 2005). However, in all these works the regional aspect of the anniversary celebrations affected only indirectly, and the role of the province in the celebration of the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty has never been the subject of a special study.
«No one of the previous anniversaries excited so many different aspirations and hopes, as the threehundredth anniversary of the Romanov dynasty - hopes that the majority remained unfulfilled»1. Symbolically, it is the anniversary fell on the last peaceful year of the Russian Empire.
The jubilee became popular. The patriotic fervency felt everywhere. The threehundredth anniversary of the Romanovs' dynasty was not perceived in society only as a celebration of the ruling dynasty and its local environment. This anniversary is an aware society as extremely important milestone in the history of the country for which the last 300 years have been a special period of statehood. Historian A.E. Presnyakov wrote, in the preface to the anniversary six-volume «Three Centuries», that «under the authority of the first Romanovs have been formed and are the main features of the Russian state and social class, which dominated until the liberation reforms of Alexander II», followed by a period of «fighting the old with the new in the Russian state and public life» started releasing the peasants as serious slow transformation of Russia into a constitutional state (Three centuries, 1991: 9). Prominent royal bureaucrat, Governor of Moscow in 1904-1912 years V.F. Dzhunkovsky expressed the same thought this way: «For three hundred years Russia has made the work of thousands of years, turned into two light and from obscurity Moscovy turned into an irreversible omnipotent great power of the Russian empire. Romanovs. Especially it happend with the accession of Peter. Russia moved heroic step forward and by enriching and conquests led to world domination and whole possession. It was created by the great and whole Russia» (Dzhunkovsky, 1997: 145).
Preparing for the anniversary continued for several years, and especially intensively since 1911. For coordination of the festivals special committees and commissions were organized, such as the Committee on the device of the 300th anniversary of the accession of the Romanov dynasty, chaired by A.G. Bulygin Romanov and commission of the State Duma. Throughout Russia, local committees operated chaired by governors.
In celebration of the anniversary are there three major stages - the celebration in St. Petersburg in February 1913, «pilgrimage» of Nicholas II and his family to the historical places of the Romanov dynasty in the Volga cities in May 1913, staying in Moscow in late May 1913 (Russia at the beginning of XX century, 2002: 560).
The population of the province of Tobolsk participated in the preparation and within the festivities.
Of the three largest cities in the province of Tobolsk a special delegation was elected that was to directly represent the region at the celebration of the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty. The structure of the head of the deputation entered the city: Tobolsk - S.M. Trusov, Kurgan -F.F. Shwetov and Tyumen - P.I. Nikolsky2. On February 10, 1913 in St. Petersburg went delegation to participate in the celebrations and congratulations. Tobolsk delegation drove with them for presentation to the Sovereign Abalaksky icon of God's Mother, which was set up to collect donations for the entire province3. In addition to these persons on the anniversary of the Romanov dynasty the representative of the Muslim population T.S. Aytmuhametov drove.
For the prevention of disorder and drunken revelry Tobolsk City Council banned Thursday trade throughout the day, in commemoration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty February 214.
Central authorities to unify and give uniformity festivities on the eve of the anniversary, the Ministry of Education has prepared a special circular, which was clearly stated the approximate order of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty institutions. The local authorities adhere to this circular in organizing and conducting ceremonies5.
The order of the celebration in Tobolsk the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov
dynasty in Russia was identical to the ministerial circular6.
According to the memories of contemporaries in the morning the city is decorated with flags, in parish churches early Masses were served, Imperial manifesto read, pray fro, and to 10 hours with all the Churches processions to St. Sophia Cathedral moved, where the icon of the Abalak Mother of God was brought before. In the square lots of people crowded, which for lack of space of the cathedral could not get into it.
After Mass in the cathedral, by the reading of the manifesto and the Te Deum, in the front area the parade a parade of the local garrison was held.
At the parade for the first time a military structure and pupils of the Tobolsk gymnasium arrived. Garrison commander Lt. Col. N. Pantyukhin first made a speech to the representatives of the parade, and then to high school pupils with welcoming remarks as to future recruits.
In the evening a solemn act was held in the People's audience. Chairman of the meeting Tobolsk Governor A. Stankevich, opening act, said feelingly speech and said that an hour ago, he and Bishop Alexis sent a telegram to Emperor, that from all the province sentences of rural societies and greeting telegrams are received.
The act consisted of three sections: in the first branch three times since the beginning of the national anthem was performed by all choirs and pupillary present, then high school teacher A.J. Wjalych read historical account of the Romanov dynasty, in conclusion choruses of all educational institutions performed cantata of M.A. Goltisona «Glory to the House of Romanovs».
The second and third branches sang choruses seminary, diocesan schools and gymnasiums. Four high school students in suits read «Feat of Susanin», a poem of K.F. Ryleeva. Participants noted many recitations of the celebration, the
most striking of which was the performance of student from Lizunov's seminary - «Death of Hermogen», of H.Gorodkov schoolboy of IV class - «Ipatiev Monastery», of a student of class VIII. M. Gorodkova - «The Foundation of St. Petersburg», «Rozhkov - Who is he», of a student of the first class Zubkova «Ivan Susanin», of a student of class II of Bogushevich «Moscow Kremlin».
A joined choir of bishops, diocesan seminary and female college has sung beautifully «Has come true, come true in Moscow will» and «Glory». Also public liked schools of the Diocesan Women's Choir «God love the King», the choir of high school students also sang not bad «Glory», with the music of A.I. Krasnotovsky.
In the end there was dancing - in the lobby of a students' audience third grade girls' school's student Gustyleva sang good an aria of Vanya from the opera «A Life for the Tsar». The evening was very crowded and gala - men were in dress uniform, ladies in bright dresses.
On Friday, February 22, there was the evening of a public meeting in girls 'school, on Saturday February 23, in the boys' school. Morning performances were arranged for the people. In the parochial schools were literary and vocal mornings, so for example, was in St. Andrew School7.
The anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was celebrated in Tyumen according to the similar scenario. From early morning on February 21 Tyumen was decorated with national flags, according to witnesses, «... a rare house in the center was decorated with flags, on the outskirts of the city, in the barns, Zarechka, Zatyumenka and in new quarters - everywhere were waving flags, many banners were displayed, facade of the City Council was made with garlands of pine needles».
In Znamenskaya church, with a vast concourse of people, after the liturgy of the clergy
all the local churches gathered with icons and went to the Royal Square, where a thanksgiving service was given. The area was packed with people. Solemn prayers were served after the liturgy in the all parishes.
People of other religious faiths were not outside, so in the local church, mosque and synagogue, prayers were served for the health of the king and the royal family.
In the evening the city was decorated luxuriously with illumination. According to the recollections of local residents, «no one remembers in Tyumen such illuminations»8.
Tyumen Police Department received the following message on the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty in the Tyumen district, «February 20 in all the churches in the county a memorial service had for the deceased kings of the House of Romanov, and on 21 there were the solemn prayers with the cross passages. In the village of Fominskoje public buildings were decorated with flags and garlands of greenery. In the night reading was held at the college with chorus of students. School was illuminated and a gathering parish decided to purchase and put in the township board of an icon of the Saviour. In Velizhanskaya parish, in township board the spare lower ranks assembled, filed anthem, the reading held. In Bogandinskaya parish was also reading. In Sazonovskaya parish in the township board outline of the major events in Russia over the past 300 years was read. In Gilevolinovskaya parish reading held, in the village of Yarkovsky and Gilevolinovsky too. In Chervishevsky parish reading was in 2 classroom school. In the village of Tavdinsky in college students sang the hymn, the children were given sweets. At Trinity Parish readings took place in schools of Kulakowsky and Lugovskoy»9.
Also the remotest villages of the province responded and had a wonderful celebration. «In the village Obdorskoye on 21 of February in a day of
the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, in the Peter-Paul church there were rector of Obdorsk spiritual mission abbot, Innokentiy the service of the abbot Peter-Paul church, Plekhanov and two associates on the mission, A. Kryzhanovskii and hieromonk Nikon; conciliar Divine Liturgy with the proclamation of the reigning House of many years»10. The village organized a procession with banners, icons on the main streets of the village, which ended in the People's House, where a short prayer service was served.
It was in the People's House Trust of national sobriety, the day of the anniversary, which hosted the festivities. Hall and other rooms have been decorated with cloth, decorated initials, and portraits of the Emperor. During the four hours of the day and seven o'clock in the evening the audience were shown new pictures, death of Susanin, and in the evening there was the play «Kostroma Forest» by Kolevoy, the entrance on the show and tableaux was free to this day. On this day in the People's House there were a record number of visitors in 1254 people.
Celebrating the anniversary of the Romanov dynasty was held on the outskirts of the Russian empire in the northern Obdorsk. Local natives: ostiaks and samoyeds, and monks were able to celebrate this momentous anniversary day. The important role in organizing commemorative events belonged to the monks of Obdorsk mission that managed to combine and create for all inhabitants a pleasant and useful sight. Of great interest were attending live pictures. According to the authorities on this day there was not a drunk, the only drawback to the celebration was crowded room, which was not designed for so many people.
Even persons deprived of their liberty were able to see the ceremonial event, in the Tyumen prison on February 20 in the prison church was a memorial service, on 21 of February after the prayer and the liturgy reading was about the
major events of the reign with the distribution of pamphlets and illustrations to the prisoners. In addition in the main building of the prison had been arranged with reading prison choir.
Tobolsk province was thoroughly decorated for the holiday. So, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty were decorated with flags three days 21, 22 and 23 February, in the evening bright lighting burnt daily.
Contemporaries noted that «Tobolsk was in many places very beautiful with illumination especially city government stood out, prison, wine store and the building of the provincial administration, where a huge banner burned, hostedby the Exchequer»11. In Tyumen, «especially luxurious with illumination were home at the Royal and Sadovaya street. Superiority in this respect, of course, belongs to the Land-Building Party (the house of Bryukhanov). On the balcony, decorated with carpets, green, electric lanterns -beautiful banners were burning in the windows that were put initials of all the Kings and Queens, a very elegant monogram on the balcony of the Shadrin's house burned luxurious, facade was decorated greenery and city council with lanterns, monograms were not bad on the building of Police and balcony of Prikazchichiy's club. If the houses on Sadovaya street were not abundant, there was the mass burning fires. Thousands of people were walking down the street, looking in Tyumen at unprecedented illumination»12.
By Imperial manifesto a partial amnesty was for the province, so 62 people were released from office in Tobolsk convicts, 17 people from the prison of the castle, five from the city police. Amnestied got the pass certificates and went to the place they have chosen to live under the surveillance of police.
On 21of February 119 people were freed out from Kurgan's prison of 400 people in prison. 25 people were released from the home of detention.
Amnestied already have served two thirds of the imposed sentence, and all those arrested in the administrative procedure13. In Tyumen, on 21 of February more than 70 people were released from the local prison on the basis of the Imperial manifesto. And there were more than 10 people children14.
The newspaper «Prishimye» reports that farmers were looking forward to Feb. 21, when, according to them, the peasants great favor will be given, such as the addition of arrears, forgiveness of repayable loans. Reduction of salaries of land taxes, etc. as well as collecting taxes actually went on at a rapid rate, among the peasants had the belief that local authorities rush to tear man arrears, so that they are not covered manifesto15.
The involvement of other inhabitants of the province of Tobolsk in the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty - is the involving in the national events in the capital. Here, Archpriest Dimitry Smirnov took a direct representation from Tobolsk diocese too.
In January 1913, at the invitation of the Governor of Tobolsk A.A. Stankewich Bishops House in the presence of the bishop of Tobolsk and the Siberian Alexis was a meeting of representatives of all departments and agencies of Tobolsk to discuss the celebrations in Tobolsk anniversary of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the Romanov dynasty in Russia on February 21 and bring to participation by all segments of the population. At this meeting, the bishop was invited to bring from the Orthodox population of Tobolsk diocese to Emperor in the anniversary celebration Abalaksky icon of the Mother of God (Smirnov, 1913: 1). All present agreed unanimously to the proposal Archbishop. And the archpriest D. Smirnov was elected as the representative of the diocese for presentation of icon.
It is known that the Emperor Nicholas II, when he was still the crown prince, driving through
Siberia, on the way back from circumnavigation was in Tobolsk, and on July 10, 1891, prayed in the cathedral before Abalaksky the Mother of God (Smirnov, 1913: 2).
A special created commission began to work immediately, discussed the size of the icon, decoration and value, and the firm has been chosen to make icons. It was decided to order the icon in size of 12 by 10 inches, in a silver art-full of chasuble with gold crowns on the image of the Mother of God and Savior, with inserts of Siberian stone, and one solid Moscow firm «PI Olovyanishnikova Sons» was elected to the Order and the value of the order was defined in 1000. Chairman of the Commission made the order on the manufacture of icons to speed up the case on the telegraph.
The day after this Governor informed the bishop that there will not be the offering of congratulations to Emperor. Then His Eminence addressed by telegraph to the Procurator of the Holy Synod V.K. Sabler for permission to present Nicholas II icon in the anniversary of celebrations and to come to St. Petersburg for the archpriest Dmitry Smirnov. Before the receiving a response to the telegram order was suspended. After 8 days there was a positive response, and the order of the icon was restored. Under the terms of order this icon was to be delivered to St. Petersburg on 15 February to the store the same firm after manufacture in Moscow. And in the morning on February 6, D. Smirnov went from Tobolsk and on the 12th arrived in the capital (Smirnov, 1913: 3).
Registered (as a priest, except registration passport book to the police, he had to show his ticket to registration in the spiritual consistory, in the office of the chief procurator of the Holy Synod and by the Dean of the visitors clergy), archpriest made visits to relatives and friends, as well as being in Petersburg Tobolsk's governor A. Stankevich.
Gently on the appointed day the firm sent the icon to St. Petersburg. The field and the background of the icon «were covered with silver gilt garment with matte color, the wreaths are on the Savior and the Mother of God of gold, over the crown of the Virgin crown is of fine lace work, and in the tops of the crown there are five inserts of various Siberian stone inserts of little size, of the same size are on the crown» (Smirnov, 1913: 4). The back of the icon was covered with a dark brocade forged antique, and silver gilded plaque was attached with the inscription: «His Majesty Blessed All-Russian Autocrat Nicholas II on the day of the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty in blessing from the Tobolsk's church». The icon was placed in a folding, upholstered in red silk. From the icon, according to the optional seminary rector, some pictures were made: 6 shots of icons and 6 shots in folding.
The next day, the archpriest Dmitry Smirnov visited the metropolit of St. Petersburg Vladimir and Procurator of the Holy Synod V.K. Sabler that were not against of the presentation of the icons to Emperor. In addition, V.K. Sabler recommended me to introduce the vice-director of his office of PI Ispolatova and to tell him my address for sending tickets to enter of the Kazan Cathedral and the Winter Palace. Smirnov received these tickets only on 20 February and only after intensified trouble with his hand.
About 9 o'clock on February 21 the priest went to the Kazan Cathedral in advance to get in it. On the way there was an interesting episode. The driver, drove the Archpriest, obviously touched by decoration of the capital and enjoying the sunny morning, said: «What a beautiful day, the Lord has given to holiday today. And not for nothing. Because we have to wait for three hundred years this festival!» (Smirnov, 1913: 5).
On the streets of St. Petersburg at the time was an unusual move «fun, festive mood of the crowd, rush to the Festival Centre - Kazan
Cathedral and Nevsky Prospekt, on which the royal cortege will follow from Zimny Palace to Kazan Cathedral, to catch even a glimpse of their King. Troops moved on to music and arranged to destinations along the Nevsky Prospekt, forming a trellis along the way of Sovereign. Processions went to the ringing of bells. On Nevsky Prospect tram and car traffic was stopped in the morning. Only those cab drivers and crews were allowed who had special permits to travel to Kazan Cathedral tickets issued from the office of the mayor to the persons entitled to enter into it with a ticket. These tickets were attached to their hats» (Wortman, 2002).
In the early 10 th of a hour D. Smirnov arrived to Kazan Cathedral, filed a ticket and entered the temple through the west entrance of the Kazan street. Here on the west and south sides was arranged many temporary hangers, some of which were delivered to the lower military ranks to remove and to clean up clothes and posing labels. The were not many people in the Cathedral else. Now, the whole question was, where it is more convenient to be, to see everything and everyone. Some Archpriests and priests, and members of deputations, including representatives from the Tobolsk diocese archpriest D. Smirnov, went to the altar of the left aisle of the cathedral, and there have been allowed to become a sacristan solea of this chapel, which was located near the main southern entrance to the cathedral from the Nevsky Prospekt. Here, standing on a hill, you can see most of the cathedral and people in it, and the proximity of the main entrance made it possible to see the Emperor and his family, grand dukes and duchesses, senior officials of the Empire, which also included by this cathedral entrance. The place was so profitable that the sacristan came and removed from solea others people once during the liturgy (Smirnov, 1913: 6).
About 10 o'clock the metropolitan of the Cathedral of St. Petersburg and Procurator of the
Holy Synod V.K. Sabler arrived at. According to the meeting and garbing of metropolitan reading was started, during which the profits processions arrived with icons of Jesus Christ from the house of Peter the Great and Our Lady of Pochaev. Then the Divine Liturgy began, which four metropolitan committed: of St. Petersburg, Kiev, Serbian and Tripoli with the participation of six archpriests, two archdeacons -of St. Isaac's and Kazan Cathedral and archdeacon of Nevsky Monastery. At that time, the choir sang on the right of the court chapel, on the left - the combined choirs of the metropolitan and the Kazan Cathedral (Smirnov, 1913: 7).
But this all was not without some problems. «At the beginning of the liturgy, and especially during the readings, the cathedral was even slightly noisy because of many deputations arriving on-site, and speaking. But then, when the vast majority of people came to the cathedral, was put into it's place, and when the Court of Ceremonies took a role, pointing newcomers the places in the cathedral, this noise calmed down and stopped» (Smirnov, 1913: 8). During the liturgy dignitaries of the empire, foreign ambassadors and grand dukes and duchesses were arriving to the main entrance of the cathedral gradually. Among the high personages to the beginning of the liturgy profits there were Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna and Grand Duke Ivan Konstantinovich.
And the witness does not forget to enjoy the film opened to him. «By the end of the liturgy Kazan Cathedral represented an imposing sight: it brought together representatives of the vast Russian Empire and the representatives most of the world. Here at the very solea of the main chapel on the right side are seen to us gold chairs made and prepared for Empress and showing Imperial place, then -there are grand dukes and duchesses, court ladies, foreign ambassadors, dignitaries of the empire: the first and second
grades of Court, ministers, members of State Council, Senators, Speaker of the State Duma of the city of Rodzianko, members of the State Duma, from the left side in front of the cathedral to the south entrance of the cathedral there are military representatives of the world, and then from the middle of the temple to the west entrance there is a sea of heads from all classes of all over Russia. The gold embroidery, the glitter dresses,the variety of uniforms were striking and blinding us provincials, who hasn't seen these meetings».
Finally, the choir sang «O Lord! By thy King shall rejoice «that heralded the arrival of the king». From the street, one heard cheers of «Hurrah», welcomed the monarch and his family, coming to the cathedral. Higher clergy, led by the Patriarch of Antioch Gregory came to the entrance to the cathedral to meet the emperor. Nicholas II went with the Empress Alexandra Fedorovna and Maria Feodorovna, followed by high Cossack carrying the heir Alexis, and four great princesses went, the daughters of the Emperor. Patriarch brought to King St. cross to kiss, metropolitan of St. Petersburg Vladimir sprinkled it by St. water, and welcomed a brief speech. Then the governor and his family, preceded by church dignitaries, entered the cathedral, they were greeted by a respectful bow of those assembled, which they passed. Then the royal family has stood on the right side of the main limit of solea (Smirnov, 1913: 8).
Archpriest said that «all this made us so welcome to an experience not to be blotted out all my life, all that fills the hearts of even more boundless love and devotion to the Emperor and his dear native land, a desire to serve them until the end of his life hard, so hard honestly, without hypocrisy and willingness to put his life for them».
Archdeacon after meeting the Emperor even before a prayer service began reading Imperial
manifesto, in which the monarch recalled the merits for the dear homeland over the past 300 years, «of all the children of the Russian upper classes to the laborers». Then it was quite normal in this case prayer of hierarchs of the Russian Church, headed by the Patriarch of Antioch and the representatives of the clergy of the capital, there were only on the left side in two rows. «The patriarch of Antioch uttered the exclamations prayer in Greek, he had read the Gospel in Arabic, and then metropolitan of St. Petersburg in Slavonic, metropolitan of St. Petersburg read prayer kneeling on 21th February 1913 too». It is needless to say, that at this time all of us in the cathedral together with the emperor joined the event (Tsimbayev, 2005).
After the end of the prayer service the emperor and his family kissed to St. cross, then to the main shrine of the Cathedral of the Kazan to Icon of the Mother of God and to the brought shrines - the image of the Savior from the house of Peter the Great and Pochaev Icon of Our Lady (Smirnov, 1913: 10). Then all went to the door of the cathedral (Smirnov, 1913: 10).
There was in the temple of shrines a strong crush and distress, the people behind made hardly their way to them. Meanwhile, at the entrance of the cathedral a kind of traffic jam formed - the procession went off with the icon of the Mother of God of Pochayev, which was accompanied by the members who came from Volhynia monarchist organizations with their flags and banners.
In the ticket, which was given to participants to celebrate the entrance to the Winter Palace, February 22, was noted, that the Congress was appointed for an audience with the emperor until 10 o'clock in the morning. Therefore, about half of the 10th in the morning on February 22 Dmitry Smirnov was on Jordan entrance of the Winter Palace, taking with the icon in a box. «On the stairs to the second floor the court lackeys stood, and paired sentries were at the door. There were
many people, all housed in the Nicholas Hall and avant-hall. The clergy was invited to pass into the room and placed on the left side».
With the icon as a gift to Emperor was only one Tobolsk archpriest, so she called the true interest: many came and asked what this icon, why the images of St. And St. Nicholas. Mary Magdalene, from whom brought near the icon, how much, etc (Smirnov, 1913: 11).
Before the royal reception was still time that D. Smirnov quietly spent in conversation with the other priests.
Soon the «Ceremonies were on the list and began to examine and set the deputation. I was entered in the queue after the deputation from the St. Petersburg church of One Hope . It was explained that anyone coming to the Sovereign, to do him a nod, saying nothing, and then approach the Empress Maria Feodorovna (Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in the day was not at the reception), bowed to her, kiss her hand, and go to the portrait gallery» (Smirnov, 1913: 11).
Finally, the doors opened to a nearby concert hall, where stood the Emperor and the Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, a little behind them on a chair sitting heir to the crown prince, were daughters of the king, they were surrounded by dignitaries of the Empire and suites.
«It started bringing congratulations. Deputations unbroken chain moved into the concert hall. Anyone coming to the Emperor, stayed and did obeisance to him, and the master of ceremonies on the list aloud called rank, title or position, name and surname, Sovereign also posted a bow, then everyone would go to the Empress Maria Feodorovna, and acted as previously indicated» (Smirnov, 1913: 11).
When approaching a queue Tobolsk Fr he «felt an unusual peace joyful mood of happiness and some confusion with the excitement». Master of Ceremonies reported: «Cathedral archpriest Smirnov from Tobolsk to Abalaksky icon of the
Mother of God of the population of Orthodox Tobolsk diocese.
- Consecrated icon? - Asks the Sovereign.
- Consecrated, Your Imperial Majesty, - I answer» (Smirnov, 1913: 11).
Then the head of the empire of the cross, kissed the icon and again asked from whom icon. After receiving an explanation, he turned to Archpriest Dimitry Smirnov, with the following words: «give my heartfelt thanks to all». Bowing, representative Tobolsk diocese gave the icon to one of the Emperor's entourage, then also bowed to the Empress Maria Feodorovna, kissed her hand and went to the Portrait Gallery. Here all the members received an invitation to one of the palace hall for breakfast, which «welcoming host Russian land» treated his subjects, brought him congratulations. «Long in the entire room lined with tables were covered with the most diverse and delicious snacks, bottles of grape wines, fruit and vases with fresh flowers, which were immediately dismantled and a souvenir snack. There were given coffee, tea. In view of the carnival for the clergy was arranged by a special branch table, where all the snacks were of fish» (Smirnov, 1913: 13).
At the exit of the Nicholas Hall has one of the officials of the Court with drawer, in which there were a lot of satin boxes. Each retiring he handed one of these boxes, explaining that it is the anniversary badge zhaluemy sovereign emperor to bring him the memory of all congratulations. Badge must be worn on the right side of the chest above all other icons and can be transmitted to offspring.
Coming out of the palace, D. Smirnov immediately sent a telegram to the Archbishop of Tobolsk and the Siberian Alexis, sharing only past events (Smirnov, 1913: 14).
«In conclusion, I would like to share an experience that on me, though small, part in the celebrations which took place in St. Petersburg
300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty on 21 and 22 February 1913.
Hours and minutes I spent in the Kazan Cathedral and the Winter Palace, will be the lightest and welcome in life and not be blotted out from the rest of my heart, though - maybe - and short life. They lifted my spirit revived several starts to weaken faith in the affinity with which a very young age, he considered holy to his heart, which he considered to be the very first moments of the conscious life of irrefutable axiom, and ignited under piles of smoldering ash and the fire of love for their country, for their King and his family.
Now is not russian, so-called intellectuals began to engage in self-flagellation and self-spitting long since it denies and mocks folk beliefs, expectations, hopes and ideals of the russian person. But in recent years from such a degenerate negative relationship between the intelligentsia of all things Russian sludge, scum, scum floated out, pour a variety of ways throughout the broad face of the Russian land and closed quite popular soul - with what more people live, with what our State still stands and holds.
Sometimes started thinking - if they faint not hesitate to whether these principles, these are the basics? Sometimes you look around yourself, you notice only part, faintly, remain in dark corners, but not hot Detecting bright display of faith and love for his native country, and selfless devotion to the monarch - and bitterly think: what is the same, our Holy Mother Russia and what she comes? Is it absolutely necessary to the devastation that it experienced 300 years ago?
All the talk about him and his august family -as the most near and dear to us substantially all interests have focused on how to get information on how to spend these great days of the Emperor, where he was, what he did, what he said, which issued orders to the occasion of the festival, and
so on and so forth ... The streets through which he had to pass, were just chock full of people. People stood patiently for hours waiting for him, patiently endured and packed and crowded, just to see him a little, did not complain to the sides dented and damaged costumes» (Smirnov, 1913: 13).
Results
Thus, the celebration ofthe 300th anniversary of the ruling House of Romanov held widely in a big way, not only in the heart of the Empire - St. Petersburg and central provinces, but also in the periphery, in the remote corners of the country (one year, due to the outbreak of World War II, it would hardly be possible.) Moreover, as numerous sources evidenced, the activities were really with the active participation of the people and society (Wortman, 1989). Though I must admit that the initiative of all kinds of celebrations come, however, from the top. However, this fact did not stop to meet adequately in 1913 across Russia as a significant event, which has not passed by the province of Tobolsk. Throughout the region - from the North to the southern border -put in order settlements (decorated buildings, cleaned streets), in the cultural sphere witnessed performances, masquerades, and plays ball in the evening, in the religious life committed countless prayers, vigils, liturgies, processions etc. In St. Petersburg Home empire-wide celebrations were sent two delegations - from the province and diocese with very symbolic gift - a list of the icon of Abalaksky Mother of God.
It is interesting to note that the preparation for the anniversary has already been since 1911! Of course, all this was done with the pomp and glamour - the inhabitants of the province and the authorities wanted to meet worthy the three centuries of dynasty, keeping up with the leading cities of the empire. Therefore, the source contains a lot of inspirational phrases. Hardly
anyone could have predicted that before the end is just four-plus years, and that this end will be no of the board, «adored by all the crowned family» less bloody than its beginning.
Russian school. 1913. (3). P. 92.
City Chronicle (1913). Siberian page. (8). January 17. P. 2.
City Chronicle (1913). SP. (11). January 24. P. 2.
City Chronicle (1913). SP. (21). February 17. P. 3.
City Chronicle(1913). Siberian trade newspaper. (9). P. 2.
City Chronicle (1913). SP. (22). February 19. P.2.
City Chronicle (1913). SGT. (44). P. 3.
City Chronicle (1913). SGT. (44). P. 3.
City Chronicle (1913). SGT. (48). P. 3.
Correspondence (1913). SGT. (59). P.3.
City Chronicle (1913) SP. (24). February 23. P. 1.
City Chronicle (1913) SGT. (45). P. 3
City Chronicle (1913) SP. (26). P. 2-3.
City Chronicle (1913) SGT. (43). P. 3.
City Chronicle (1913) SGT. (55). P. 2.
References
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4. Dzhunkovsky, V.F. Memuary [Memories] V.2. Moscow, 1997. 688 p.
5. Dyakov, V.A. Borodinskie iubilei i ikh vozdeistvie na dorevolitcionnuiu istoriografiiu [Borodinskiye anniversaries and their impact on a pre-revolutionary historiography Problems of history of the russian social movement and historical science]. Moscow, 1981. pp. 302-312.
6. Nekrasov, M.A., Zemtsov, S.M. Otechestvennaia voina 1812 g. i russkoe iskusstvo [Patriotic war of 1812 and russian art]. Moscow, 1969. 120 p.
7. Yakovlev, A.N. Rossia v nachale XX veka [Russia at the beginning of XX century] Moscow, The new chronograph, 2002. 744 p.
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Празднование юбилея дома Романовых в Тобольской губернии
А.А. Валитов, И.С. Томилов
Тобольская комплексная научная станция УрО РАН Россия 626150, Тобольск, ул. ак. Ю. Осипова, 15
Целью данной статьи является исследование, посвященное празднованию в Тобольской губернии трехсотлетия Дома Романовых. Кроме того, отмечено участие жителей данного региона в юбилейных событиях на общеимперском уровне.
Выявлено содействие населения Тобольской губернии в подготовке и проведении мероприятий различного характера - от светских до религиозных и от региональных до общегосударственных. Показан вклад властей края, его жителей. Также красочно и ярко описана поездка в Санкт-Петербург протоиерея Димитрия Смирнова с подношением Абалакской иконы в дар для императора Николая II от жителей Тобольской губернии, показаны его личные настроения и переживания.
Подробно раскрыто влияние данного события в общем контексте празднований и значение юбилея для всех сословий Тобольской губернии.
Таким образом, еще за четыре года до падения императорской власти в России нация была скреплена тремя веками монархических традиций. Как показывает опыт Западной Сибири, наиболее полно это проявилось в отдаленных от центра губерниях.
Ключевые слова: юбилей, Дом Романовых, Тобольская губерния, Абалакская икона, тобольская делегация, Сибирско-Тобольская епархия, императорская семья.
Работа выполнена в рамках проекта молодых ученых и аспирантов ТКНС УрО РАН 2013 (№ М-Г-13-1).
