CC BY
27
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2023_1_106_98
Jaloliddinov N.Kh.
PhD student National University of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan, Tashkent Pardaev N.S. trainee teacher
Department of Economic and Social Geography National University of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan, Tashkent
GEOGRAPHICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TASHKENT REGION
REPOPULATION
Abstract. This article illuminated demographic processes and their impact on society. In particular, the article examines changes in the composition of the population of Tashkent region, population reproduction, birth and its effect on population growth. In addition, the historical and modern view of the demographic aspects of the aging population of the region was evaluated and the reasons for their changes were analyzed.
Key words: demographic process, population size, repopulation, birth, natural reproduction, population movement, village, city.
INTRODUCTION. Repopulation and population migration in Uzbekistan in the following years sociological-demographic and geographical research of its processes in its regions is developing. Today, in a situation where demographic processes are changing, in-depth statistical analysis of the characteristics of the population's recurrence, determining their prospects by region is important in planning the development of society. However, such scientific research is the basis of such urgent issues as the further strengthening of the economic development of the society, as well as the employment of the population, the identification and prevention of demographic problems.
Social protection of the population depends primarily on its demographic based, repopulation and migration. Because this issue is related not only to the number of the population, but also to its age and sex composition. For example, areas with high birth rates have a high proportion of children. In such cases, social protection of the population is primarily focused on children and mothers with children. If the birth rate and natural increase of the population are not high, the process of "aging" of the population occurs.
LITERATURE ANALYSIS AND METHODOLOGY. The population and related demographic processes have always been the focus of attention of scientists. A. Sauvy in France, E. Cole in the USA, and A. Ya. Boyarsky, J. Bourgeois-Pich and others conducted their demographic research in the territory
of the former USSR. In Uzbekistan, scientific research has been conducted in this regard by a number of scholars. At this point, it is appropriate to mention the works of scientists such as M.Karakhanov, R.Mullajonov, O.Ata-Mirzayev, A. Qayumov, A.Soliyev, M.R.Boriyeva, Z.N.Tojiyeva, X.X.Mamadaliyeva, S.S.Zokirov, X.Abduramanov, who carried out scientific research in the field of demography in our country.
RESULTS. Today, Tashkent region is considered one of the regions that requires the study of demographic processes on a scientific basis, and it, in turn, as we mentioned above, has a number of indicators that differ sharply from other regions of the republic. In 1979-2010, the population of the region increased. However, in recent years, the rate of natural growth of the population of the region is decreasing. The period of natural population increase in Tashkent region reached the highest rate in 1991, when it reached 50,102 people.
30.3
Total fertility rate, (in %o)
35 -
30 -
25 -
20
15 -
10 -
5 -
0
1991 h. 2001 H. 2011 H. 2020 H.
Figure 1. Total birth rate of the population of Tashkent region (1991-2020).
22.3
18.2 20.2
The period of natural increase of the population in Tashkent region was recorded in 1991, when it was 50,102 people. By 2000, the rate of natural increase decreased to 28,513 thousand people, and by 2011, this rate increased to 38,090 thousand people. In 2020, we can see that this indicator has increased by 47,653 thousand people.
It is known that population growth is greatly influenced by its natural movement. One of the demographic indicators of the natural movement is the birth rate, which in 1991 was 30.3 people per 1000 people in the Tashkent region. By 2001, this indicator was 18.1 people per thousand people. The total birth rate was the highest in the years of independence, and we can see once again that the total birth rate of the population of the region is decreasing in the following years. In 2011, it was 20.2 people per thousand people. In 2020, 66,100 children were born in the region (only live births were taken into account for those born here and later), respectively, the total birth rate per 1,000 inhabitants was 22.3 per thousand. Compared to the same period last year, these
indicators increased by 1971 children and 0.4 per thousand, respectively (there were 64.1 thousand children and 21.9 per thousand).
Table 1
Changes in the total birth rate of the population of Tashkent region (per
1000 inhabitants, per thousand)
Name of city and districts Years
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Tashkent province 21.1 21.1 20.3 19.3 20.6 21.9
Bright sh ahar X X X 14.2 14.3 18.7
German city 21.9 21.7 20.4 19.1 19.4 22.2
Angren city 21.0 21.4 19.7 18.9 19.0 19.4
Forever city 20.1 18.6 17.6 17.7 17.5 20.6
Chip city 15.7 15.4 14.6 14.0 15.1 16
Ahangapon city X X X 16.2 17.8 18.6
Yangyol city X X X 17.0 17.3 19.3
Akkurgan district 24.0 23.2 21.6 21.4 23.2 24.3
Iron man district 22.2 22.0 21.4 21.3 22.0 23.1
Forever district 23.2 23.6 22.3 21.8 23.2 24.1
Bostonian district 19.5 19.8 19.6 17.1 18.6 19.4
Boka district 22.6 22.0 22.7 20.6 23.9 23.8
Kuychichichik district 22.7 23.4 22.4 20.5 22.1 22.3
Zangiota district 20.5 20.1 19.6 19.5 21.4 23.4
High pitched district 22.2 23.0 21.9 19.7 21.8 23.5
Kibrai district 19.8 19.5 19.5 18.1 19.3 20.1
Parkent district 23.7 24.2 22.8 21.9 23.7 24.8
Pskent district 18.9 18.7 18.5 19.0 20.0 20.2
Intermediate district 21.4 21.1 20.7 21.5 23.1 25.0
Chinese district 22.6 24.2 22.6 21.7 22.1 24.2
Yangyol district 20.8 21.3 20.4 19.8 21.4 22.7
Tashkent district X X X 18.3 20.4 22.5
Source: Compiled by the authors based on the data of the Statistical
Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
DISCUSSION. Year-by-year increase in the birth rate in Yangiyol city of the region (from 19.3 to 23.5 per thousand), Angren city (from 19.4 to 21.2 per thousand), Parkent district (from 24.8 to 26.0 per thousand), Qibray district (from 20.1 to 25.6 per thousand), in the city of Chirchik (from 16.0 to 17.0 per thousand), in Orta Chirchik district (from 25.0 to 25.9 per thousand), in Piskent district (from 20.2 to 21.0 per thousand) and It was observed in the city of Almalyk (from 22.2 to 22.8 per thousand). In 2001, the lowest indicator in the ten-year period was 18.1 per thousand. Total birth rate in Tashkent region, per
thousand people. The birth rate in cities is 2.5 per thousand lower than in rural areas, and it is mainly due to the contribution of local indigenous peoples.
The rate of natural population increase is high among the rural population, but it also differs in the cities of the region. In the regional districts, the lowest rate is in the cities of Nurafshan, Angren, Chipchik, Ohangapon, Yangiyol (1619.4 per thousand), and the highest rates correspond to Ortachirchik, Parkent, Bekobad, Akkurgan, Chinoz districts (24.1-25 per thousand). The main reason for such differences in the natural increase of the population in the districts should be sought, first of all, from the differences in the level of socio-economic provision of the population at the regional scale, and then from the existence of gender differences between the population's beliefs and the age of marriage. 51.1% of the population of the region are women, 49.9% are men.
Another aspect of existing differences in the rate of natural population increase between districts is the differences in national and age structure of their population, socio-economic situation at the district level. Also. Features of the demographic development of rural areas also depend on their historical formation, structure and specialization of economic sectors.
The total birth rate in the regions with a high rate of natural increase of the population of the region is quite different from others, they are distinguished by the level of economic development, specialization, industrialization, and the lower level of providing cultural and household services to the population great impact on population reproduction. High birth rate and low death rate in the natural increase of the population depends on the quality of natural, economic, cultural and household conditions and the level of services to the population. To put it more simply, the development of medical services is one of the main factors that lead to a decrease in mortality.
Full disclosure of regional disproportions of demographic processes in Tashkent region, issues of social protection of the population, together with its natural movement, the death of children under the age of one year and the factors affecting it require the analysis of individual districts. It should be noted that socio-economic conditions have an impact on the population regeneration processes and their amount. This effect can be positive or negative, and it varies over time over years. Birth rate, which is the most important driver of the demographic situation, is one such indicator.
Childbirth is a complex process that occurs on the basis of many socioeconomic and socio-psychological, political, religious, national and natural factors. At this point, it should be noted that the high or low birth rate in the districts and the factors affecting it depend more on the level of material and spiritual development of the population, living conditions, and in which sectors of the national economy women are employed.
In 2010, the total coefficient of natural population growth in the Tashkent region was 15.1 per thousand, and it ranks last among the regions of the republic
in terms of this indicator. The birth rate of the population of the region is always lower than the national indicators, and this difference is growing year by year.
For example, in 2004, the total birth rate in Uzbekistan was 20.8 per thousand, while it was 19.7 per thousand in Tashkent region. By 2020, these indicators were 22.3 and 21.1 per thousand, respectively. With these indicators, the region ranks last among the regions of the Republic. Among the factors that led to such a birth rate in the region, we can see the increase in the participation of women in production together with the improvement of the living conditions of the population and its social protection.
It is known that women's participation in social production, their social activities, and their involvement in science today fully cover not only city life, but also rural life. This has a direct impact on the decline of the total birth rate. Due to the acceleration of socio-economic changes in recent years, significant differences in population growth are visible. We can see this in the differences between the population growth of the republic and Tashkent region. Another important factor influencing natural population growth is urbanization.
In the Tashkent region, the weight of the urban population increases and the level of urbanization increases, naturally, it also ensures an increase in the number of pensioners and pensioners in the age structure of the population.
A complex territorial system of population - agglomeration - has been formed around the regional center. However, the level of urbanization here is much lower than that of the republic. All socio-economic changes occurring in our country are also taking place in Tashkent region. Such a situation has an impact on the decrease in the rate of birth and natural reproduction among the urban and rural population. Also, the increase in population settlements in the studied area and the transition to the urban type, the development of market relations, and the wider spread of the urban lifestyle are the reasons for the decrease in birth rates.
Conclusion. In the Tashkent region, the birth rate among the local population is much higher, especially compared to the European population. The number of births in families belonging to local ethnicities - Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Tajik, is much higher than in the Russian-speaking population, and this can be explained by the historical tradition of large children, national customs. The number of children in the families of Bostonliq and Qibray districts, which have a relatively low birth rate, is due to the fact that there are more representatives of other nationalities than in other districts. 12% of the population of the above districts belong to representatives of other nationalities.
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