CC BY
5
Pardaev N.S. trainee teacher
Department of Economic and Social Geography National University of Uzbekistan Uzbekistan, Tashkent Khursanov S.M. lecturer Geography Department Termez State University Uzbekistan, Tashkent
ETHNIC ASPECTS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE OF THE POPULATION OF SURKHANDARYA REGION
Annotation. The formation of the demographic composition of the population of a certain territory is a historical process that occurs as a result of the natural conditions of the area over a long period of time. This article talks about the formation of the demographic composition of the population of the Surkhandarya region and about the location, density, sex and age composition and its formation, as well as the fact that these factors had a great influence on the formation of the demographic composition of the population and the role of natural conditions in the distribution of the population of the region.
Key words: population, population size, population density, distribution of the population, sex and age composition of the population, age groups of the population, demographic composition of the population, ethnic composition of the population, national composition of the population, demographic potential, ethnic group.
Introduction. Surkhandarya region, located in the south of the Republic of Uzbekistan, is distinguished from other regions by its natural, economic, political and demographic potential. In particular, the ethnodemographic history of the region has not been well studied from a geographical, geodemographic point of view, although the population has lived in the Surkhandarya region for a very long time and its culture has developed much earlier. Research work on the demography of the territory was carried out by geographer I.Safarov (1970) and M.Those who led the erdanovs (1994). They carried out scientific research on the settlements of the population, residents of the Surkhandarya region. Surkhandarya region belongs to one of the regions that largely reflect the current state of demographic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Therefore, the study of the population of the region within the framework of this topic is one of the relevant issues today.
The main part. Focusing on the territorial location of the population of the surkhandarya region, the fact that two different river valleys were formed in the
region, in particular, on the basis of the Surkhandarya and Sherabad Rivers, most of the population of the region is concentrated precisely in the valleys of these two rivers. In addition, the settlement of the population was influenced by the Termez-Deneuve direction and the newly mastered southern desert areas. In the surkhandarya region, the population is not uniformly distributed in the section of districts. In the Denov district, which has the most population, almost about 15% of the total population of the region lives. This district is one of the most populous, not only in the province, but also in the Republic, in terms of population. The population of this area as of January 1, 2023 is equal to 409.5 thousand people.
In the surkhandarya region, according to the number of inhabitants, the districts of Kumkurgan, Dzharkurgan, Shurchi and Sariosiya are located next to the Denov district. The above data indicate that the reason for the large population in these districts is, firstly, that the irrigated farmed areas with good natural conditions in these areas occupy large areas, and secondly, the industry is also better developed in these districts than in other districts. Another aspect is worth taking into account that the area of the districts named above is also considered large, and it is known that the larger the area, the more diverse it is and the more it serves to concentrate the population. In the surkhandarya region, along with high mountains, there are also sandy deserts. Surkhandarya region is also distinguished from other regions of the Republic by its different nature. So, the sandy deserts, which occupy mainly the southern part of the territory of the Surkhandarya region, have been mastered in recent years, and settlements in these regions are much less common than in other regions. The Angor, Qizriq, Bandikhan and Muzrabot districts of the region are mainly considered Plains districts and are later assimilated areas. It is for this reason that the population density in these districts is also more sparse than in other districts.
The highest population density of the surkhandarya region corresponds to the Denov district by district. Here every km.there are 350 people per sq area. And the lowest population density in this district, corresponding to the Boysun district, which is one of the mountainous regions of the Surkhandarya region, is every km.density per square sq.m. on average, 35 people. In terms of density, the difference between districts in the region is almost 10 times. It is known that most of the Boysun district is occupied by high mountains, and in these mountains the population is mainly located along rivers. The bulk of this population is made up of people of Tajik nationality. In other areas of the district, however, the population is extremely sparsely populated. And the reason for this is the effect of the hydrographic factor on the one hand, if the relief is increased in the first place.
Surkhandarya region is characterized by a high proportion of rural population in all rural districts. This figure is that the urbanization rate of the region on average is 36% in the region, which has a much lower rate compared to other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. And in the inner districts of
surkhandarya region there are enough differences in this indicator. For example, the most urbanized district in the province is the Angor district, where the city's population is almost 50% of the total population. Boysun and Altinsoy districts are around 40 percent higher than other districts. In all other districts of the region, however, this figure is considered much lower. Such an urbanistic settlement of the population itself is also the reason for the high demographic development of the population of the multi-faceted region. In addition, it is also significant that historical, hydrographic, orographic, transport, economic and social factors have a great influence on the location of the population of the region.
Table 1.
Natural and mechanical movement of the population of surkhandarya _region 2020 (a thousand people)_
Natural movement Mechanical movement
Born alive Those who died Settlers Those who have moved
74,7 11,9 8,5 19,5
Natural growth Mechanical growth
62,8 -11
Total population growth
51,8
Table: compiled by the authors based on the data of the Statistics Committee of
the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The population of each territory operates in sectors of the economy to a certain extent, according to the age composition of which yani belongs to which age group. The age structure of the population is the result of a very long-established demographic situation, which is at the same time the basis of the demographic perspective. The age composition of the population largely depends on its natural reproduction. In cases of high birth rates, the population has high infant Salma or, conversely, a high incidence of elderly Salma is observed in the population in cases where the birth rate is low and the average life expectancy of the population is relatively long. The most optimal option when dividing the population into age groups is, in our opinion, the division into 3 groups, that is, the population of 0-14 years old, the population of 15-64 working years old and the population of 65 years older. The reason is that these age groups are considered to be widely used all over the world, and today the period of life of even the population of our country is increasingly approaching the most developed countries in the world.
Within the administrative territorial units of the surkhandarya region, the area with the highest natural reproduction is the Bandikhan district, and only a large part of the population of the district connected with the economic activity of its population is occupied in agriculture. Naturally, the birth rate of the population in such conditions is considered somewhat higher. In the bandikhan
District, natural reproduction increases by 27.5 people for every 1,000 people in 2022, that is, by 27-28 people for every 1,000 people in a year. Since this indicator is equal to 23 people on average in the region, the lowest indicator falls on the Termez district. So, here the regions below the average fertility rate of the region are the districts of Termez, Sherabad, Muzrabot, Boysun, Angor. The formation of these indicators is connected with the national composition, traditions, customs of the population of a particular territory. For example, today the average life expectancy of the population of developed countries in the world is quite high, and in most cases it is considered higher than 80 years, this figure is considered higher than 70 years in our country. If we analyze the age groups of the population of the Surkhandarya region based on the above age groups, then from Figure 1 it can be seen that the largest group of the population of the region is 15-64 years old. There are several reasons for this, and one of them also depends on the national composition of this population. For example, Uzbeks and Tajiks, who represent a large part of the population of the region by local nationalities, make up almost 95% of the population of the region.
Births in representatives of this nationality are considered much higher than in other nationalities. That is why the high birth rate that will be in the representatives of these two nations will ensure that the general population of the region will be established again. In this regard, the population of the Surkhandarya region belongs to the progressive age group within the age groups, that is, the weight of children under 14 years old is higher than the weight of the population at retirement age older than 65 years. Secondly, the territorial location of the population is also associated with the level of urbanization of the region. It is known that the majority of the population of the region lives mainly in the villages, and the rural population has a greater birth process compared to the urban population, and the rural population has a much lower access to early marriage and the divorce process among the population in the villages is also considered. All these factors indicate a high demographic potential of the region and create the basis for this. So, from this it can be concluded that the population of the region regularly increases. In the coming years, a huge amount of labor resources will be created in the region. In this regard, it will be advisable to increase enterprises and plants that require more labor on the territory of the region.
Figure 1. Distribution of the population by age groups as of January 1, 2021 in
surkhandarya region
The sexual and age composition of the population plays an important role from a socio-economic point of view. The reason is that the issues of calculating the population, creating the necessary material and spiritual opportunities for them and increasing the level of employment within the country in different areas, depending on the different age categories of labor resources, are based on the sexual, age composition of the population.
The sexual composition of the population is formed under the influence of three main factors. These are the sex ratio in newborns, the sex difference in mortality, as well as the sex difference in Population migration. Statistics and scientific literature note that boys are born more often than girls around the world. Data show that the number of boys born to every 100 girls in the world is 104-107. At present, the sexual proportionality of the world's population varies dramatically by age groups. Studies have shown that even in all countries of the world, boys in age groups 0-14 are more likely than girls, while in age groups 15-64, women and men's weight are somewhat equal in terms of the world, and 1,020 men per thousand women. The sexual composition of the population of Uzbekistan has also taken shape in the current state under the influence of the socio-economic situation and demographic processes of the territory of the Republic. The sexual composition of the population in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan after the period of the Second World War amounted to 52% of women and 48% of men, which caused the presence of gender differences in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a result of the Second World War. To date, the population in the territory of the Republic is more than 35 million people (2021-y). The number of inhabitants increases annually in the Republic by an average of 600-670 thousand people. Currently,
the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan is almost equal, of which men are more than 17.5 million people, and women are considered more than 17.4 million people, that is, the number of men is 153 thousand more than the number of women. This equality is currently the basis for favorable demographic development in the Republic.
The formation and current state of the sexual composition of the population of surkhandarya region was influenced by the geographical position, socio-economic status and demographic processes of the region. In surkhandarya region, we can see that the above situation is high in the birth of boys in almost all districts of the region. These differences will then be equated as a result of the factors presented above.
In the surkhandarya region, like most other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the percentage of men in the sexual structure of the population is high, and the sexual content of its population is characterized by the fact that in the districts of Termez, Muzrabat, Angor, Kumkurgan and Sariosian districts, the proportion of women in the total population is high. Analyzing the formation of the sexual composition of the population on the scale of years, we can say that the number of residents of the Surkhandarya region, in addition to the fact that the natural growth rate has always been maintained over the years, has always been higher in the sex structure of the population of the region than in women.
Conclusion. The growth rate of the population of surkhandarya region is one of the highest in our country, mainly due to natural growth. The population of surkhandarya region increases by an average of 60 thousand people per year due to natural growth. Moreover, the population of the region also has significant differences from other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan in terms of the current state of many demographic processes. In particular, the age of entry into marriage is relatively low, although this figure has slightly increased in relation to previous years, but is still lower than in other regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. It would not be a mistake to say that all this was primarily influenced by the national traditions of the population. Almost more than 60% of the population of surkhandarya region live in the villages of malumki in rural areas, national traditions and customs are preserved much longer than in cities. That is why the territorial location of the population (urban and rural) is implied, which also does not remain without its influence on the demographic situation of the population. In the surkhandarya region, one more factor influences demographic processes, such as the relative abundance of births, access to early marriage and low divorce rates. The national composition of the population of the region is the majority of representatives of local nationalities.
References:
1. Bohrieva M.R. Basics of demography. - Tashkent: National University Of Uzbekistan, 2001. - 117 b.
2. Opendiyev F. Socio-political and economic changes in the Stations of the Surkhan Oasis (the second half of the XIX century is the beginning of the XX century). - Tashkent: ABU press-KONSALT, 2008. - 238 b.
3. Sattorov A.U. and so on. Materials of the international scientific practical conference on the topic of actual problems of geography in Uzbekistan // natural movement of rural population of surkhandarya region by nationality. - Termez: Terdo, 2016. - B. 202-204.
4. Tajieva Z.N, Dusmanov F.A, Ibragimov L.Z. Divorce proceedings in Uzbekistan and its territorial features // International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 2020, No. 9. - P. 4096-4100.
5. Tajieva Z.N. Population of Uzbekistan: growth and settlement. Monograph. -Tashkent: Science and technology, 2010. - 276 b.
6. Pardayev N., Khorsanov S. Factors affecting the formation and settlement of ethnodemographic composition of the population of surkhandarya region. Information of the Geographical Society of Uzbekistan volume 62, Tashkent: 2022. -227 b.
7. Statistical Bulletin of surkhandarya region (January-December). - Termez, 2021.
8. stat.uz
