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Submitted: 20.04.2018
complex assessment of functional state. In Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 156-160 (Scopus).
9. Kuznetsov A., Mutaeva I., Kuznetsova Z., 2017. Diagnostics of Functional State and Reserve Capacity of young Athletes' Organism. In Proceedings of the 5th International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology support. SCITEPRESS. P. 111-115 (Scopus).
Author's information:
Galeeva N.A. - post-graduate student Ural State University of physical culture, Russia, 454091, Russia, Chelyabinsk, street Ordzhonikidze, the house 1, e-mail: selu1@mail.ru, 89681136109
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_305
DYNAMICS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM INDICES AMONG BIATHLONISTS DURING
A LONG-TERM TRAINING
* • 1 * 2 * 2 * 3 * 3
Gibadullin I.G. , Korbit M.I. , Voropai M.K. , Smirnova I. , Smirnova K.
institute of Physical Culture and Sports Named After A. I. Tikhonov of the "Izhevsk State Technical
University Named A fter M. T. Kalashnikov " Russia, Izhevsk, ffkis@ istu.ru Belarusian State University of Physical Culture Republic of Belarus, Minsk 3Surgut State Pedagogical University Russia, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug-Yugra, Surgut
Annotation. A person's working capacity, in particular a sportsman's capacity, is mainly conditioned by the amount of oxygen taken from air into blood of pulmonary capillaries and delivered into tissues and cells. Without external respiration indices determination it is impossible to judge a sportsman's degree of training level and his reserve capacities. Moreover, without external respiration indices study it is impossible to reveal latent diseases or propensity for them. Material. The article presents the dynamics of respiratory system indices among young biathlonists and biathlonists adults during a long-term training. The research was held with the help of "Spirolab III" apparatus, which fulfills spirometric testing of external respiration functions, among biathlonists of the Udmurt Republic in three age groups. Research methods: scientific literature analysis and summarizing, spirometric testing, documents and archive materials analysis, respiratory system study with the help of "Spirolab III" apparatus, method of mathematical statistics. Results. According to the research results comparative analysis of "proper" and actual values was held, then the interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices was revealed.
Keywords: biathlonists, respiratory system indices, proper values.
For citations: Gibadullin I.G., Korbit M.I., Voropai M.K., Smirnova I., Smirnova K. Dynamics of indicators of the respiratory system in athletes in the process of long-term preparation. The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture andSports).2018; 13(2): 28-32. DOI 10.14526/02_2018_305
Urgency. A person's working capacity, in particular an athlete's capacity, is mainly conditioned by the amount of oxygen taken from air into blood of pulmonary capillaries and delivered into tissues and cells.
Without external respiration indices determination it is impossible to judge an athlete's degree of training level and his reserve capacities. Moreover, without external respiration indices study it is impossible to reveal latent diseases or propensity for them. It is especially important for athletes, who very often train and compete during cold, damp, windy weather, which can lead to quick health deterioration, taking into account physical overloads and stress situations.
Special literature analysis [1,4,5] concerning the methods of respiratory system study, showed that none of the methods can reveal respiratory system indices in complex. Used in our research apparatus "Spirolab III" helps to define more than 20 indices of respiratory system, which will help to reveal the dependence of sports result on respiratory system indices. In biathlon the interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices is especially urgent.
Objectives of the research:
1. To study the methods of respiratory system study.
2. To reveal the development peculiarities of respiratory system indices among biathlonists of different age categories.
3. To reveal interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices.
In order to solve the set problems the following research methods were used: scientific-methodical literature analysis, documents and archive materials analysis, respiratory system study with the help of "Spirolab III" apparatus, method of mathematical statistic.
The biathlonists of three age categories from Udmurtia took part in the research:
• the 1st group - juni ors;
• the 2nd group - senior youngsters;
rd
• the 3 group - median age youngsters.
Respiratory system study was held with the help of "Spirolab III" apparatus, which fulfills spirometric testing of external respiration functions. This apparatus helps to estimate forced expiratory vital capacity of exhalation, the volume of forced exhalation within the first second, Tifon index, the volume of forced exhalation within 6 seconds, lungs age, time of forced exhalation within 6 seconds, the volume of forced inhalation within the first second, vital capacity (VC), VC of exhalation (l), VC of inhalation (l), respiratory capacity, expiratory reserve volume (ERV), breathing capacity, minute pulmonary ventilation, rate of breathing, time of inhalation, time of exhalation, maximal voluntary ventilation and other indices.
We tested biathlonists in three age groups (median age youngsters, senior youngsters, juniors). The following things were recorded: sports result, an athlete's height, an athlete's weight, 5 indices results of respiratory system.
Taking into consideration the received results we got arithmetic mean value according to each index in each age group.
Then comparative analysis of "proper" and actual indices was fulfilled and the indices increase, depending on age, was revealed.
Vital capacity. Comparative analysis of vital capacity showed the following results:
- among median age youngsters "proper" values exceed actual indices by 9%;
- among senior youngsters "proper" values exceed actual values by 2%;
- among juniors actual values exceed "proper" values by 15%.
The dynamics of actual vital capacity indices increase among median age and senior youngsters is 32%, among senior youngsters and juniors - 19%.
Forced expiratory vital capacity.
Comparative analysis of forced expiratory vital capacity.
Taking into account the received results we can mention, that according to forced expiratory vital capacity index:
- "proper" values among median age youngsters are 9% lower than actual values;
- "proper" values among senior youngsters exceed actual values by 4%;
- "proper" values among juniors exceed actual values by 8%.
The dynamics of actual values increase of forced expiratory vital capacity among median age youngsters and senior youngsters is 13%. According to the received results, there is no dynamics of increase among senior youngsters and juniors. There is 6% indices decrease among these age groups.
Vital capacity of exhalation.
Comparative analysis of vital capacity exhalation. The results are the following:
- "proper" values among median age youngsters exceed actual values by 4%;
- "proper" values among senior youngsters exceed actual values by 2%;
- "proper" values among juniors exceed actual values by 14%.
The dynamics of actual indices increase of vital capacity of exhalation among median age and senior youngsters is 35%, among senior youngsters and juniors- 17%.
The volume of forced inhalation within the first second. Comparative analysis of forced inhalation volume within the first second. The results are the following:
- "proper" values among median age youngsters are 9% lower than actual values;
- "proper" values among senior youngsters are 1% lower than actual values;
- "proper" values among juniors are equal to actual values.
The dynamics of actual indices increase of forced inhalation volume within the first second among median age youngsters and senior youngsters is 6%, among senior youngsters and juniors - 5%.
Maximal voluntary ventilation.
Comparative analysis of maximal voluntary ventilation showed the following results:
- "proper" values among median age youngsters exceed actual values by 9%;
- "proper" values among senior youngsters exceed actual values by 7%;
- "proper" values among juniors are 28% lower than actual values.
The dynamics of actual indices increase of maximal voluntary ventilation among median age youngsters and senior youngsters is 21%, among senior youngsters and juniors - 45%.
Then correlation analysis was held, which helped to reveal interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices.
Interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices among juniors. Interconnection is revealed between sports result and respiratory system indices, among juniors rank correlation coefficient was the following:
1. Rank correlation coefficient of vital capacity and sports result was R= 0,77.
2. Rank correlation coefficient of forced vital capacity and sports result was R= 0,5.
3. Rank correlation coefficient of vital capacity of exhalation and sports result was R= 0,75.
4. Rank correlation coefficient of forced air volume within the first second and sports result was R= 0,5.
5. Rank correlation coefficient of maximal voluntary ventilation and sports result was R= 0,83.
On the basis of the received results we can say about strong positive connection between sports result and respiratory system indices.
Interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices
among senior youngsters. Interconnection is revealed between sports result and respiratory system indices, among senior youngsters rank correlation coefficient was the following:
1. Rank correlation coefficient of vital capacity and sports result was R= 0, 31.
2. Rank correlation coefficient of forced vital capacity and sports result was R= 0, 35.
3. Rank correlation coefficient of vital capacity of exhalation and sports result was
R= 0,32.
4. Rank correlation coefficient of forced air volume within the first second and sports result was R= 0,3.
5. Rank correlation coefficient of maximal voluntary ventilation and sports result was R= 0,52.
On the basis of the received results we can say about the average positive connection between sports result and respiratory system indices.
Interconnection between sports result and respiratory system indices among median age youngsters.
Interconnection is revealed between sports result and respiratory system indices, among median age youngsters rank correlation coefficient was the following:
1. Rank correlation coefficient of vital capacity and sports result was R= 0,179.
2. Rank correlation coefficient of forced vital capacity and sports result was R= 0,313.
3. Rank correlation coefficient of vital capacity of exhalation and sports result was R= 0,174.
4. Rank correlation coefficient of forced air volume within the first second and sports result was R= 0,338.
5. Rank correlation coefficient of maximal voluntary ventilation and sports result was R= 0,02.
Submitted: 03.04.2018
On the basis of the received results we can say about poor positive connection between sports result and respiratory system indices among median age youngsters.
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Gibadullin I.G. — Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Institute of Physical Culture and Sport Named After A.I. Tikhonov Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education
"Izhevsk State Technical University Named After M.T. Kalashnikov", 426069, Russia, Izhevsk, 30 let Pobedy str., House 37, Sports Block 4, e-mail: ffkis@,istu.ru
Korbit M.I. — Candidate of Pedagogics, Belorussian State University of Physical Culture 220020, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Pobediteleiprosp., House 105 Vorapai M.K. — Associate Professor, Belorussian State University of Physical Culture 220020, Republic of Belarus, Minsk, Pobeditelei prosp., House 105
Smirnova I. — Postgraduate, State Establishment of Higher Education of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - Yugra "Surgut State Pedagogical University", 628417, Russia, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - Yugra, Surgut, 50 let VLKSMstr., House 10/2
Smirnova K. - Postgraduate, State Establishment of Higher Education of Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - Yugra "Surgut State Pedagogical University", 628417, Russia, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Area - Yugra, Surgut, 50 let VLKSM str., House 10/2
DOI 10.14526/02_2018_306
TACTICAL THINKING AS THE FACTOR OF TECHNICAL READINESS LEVEL
INCREASE IN SPORTS AEROBICS
Kasatkina N.A.1, Panova E.O.1, Guryanova S. A.1
1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov " Russia, Ulyanovsk, ld_nazarenko@mail.ru
Annotation. As one of artistic kinds of sport sports aerobics is an effective means of motional culture formation, health improvement, personality harmonization, which is attractive for children, teen-agers and youth. Trainers and qualified athletes reveal the ways of technical readiness increase as the main condition for sports achievements improvement. Sportsmanship improvement is conditioned by several factors, among which special role is given to thinking development, which is the leading intellectual quality. This kind of sports activity is characterized by motional and intellectual activity consistency, which reveals additional opportunities for the leading intellectual qualities development. Materials. The article is about a new approach to technical readiness level increase by means of fuller potential realization of those, who go in for sports aerobics. Research methods: scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, progressive experience of the specialists, trainers summarizing, filming, pedagogical experiment, evaluation criteria of tactical thinking creation, statistical data handling. Results. The article is about the methodology of tactical thinking development among those, who go in for sports aerobics. The authors offer to include the system of special tasks into the content of sports training. These tasks are directed at tactical thinking formation and provide thinking and motional activity intensification of 12-14-year-old female gymnasts. Pedagogical conditions are revealed, which activate this kind of thinking activity. Different variants of competitive program fulfillment depending on its conditions were created. Conclusion. Tactical thinking level increase conditioned steady interest in a chosen kind of sports activity, increased the desire to realize close and prospective aims. Tactical thinking indices improvement provided the skills formation of more objective readiness estimation for the future competitions, critical realization of performances
