CC BY
26
Abed F - Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Physical & Sport Education, Mostaganem University - Algeria
Abdedaim A - Laboratory of Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Physical & Sport Education, Mostaganem University - Algeria
For citations: Merzoug D., Belkadi A., Sebbane M., Abed F., Abdedaim A. Analysing the Effect of Learning by Simulation on the Speed and accuracy Decision Making of Volleyball players, The Russian journal of physical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 14-21. DOI 10.14526/03 2017 229
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_228
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ТРЕНИРОВКИ НАВЫКОВ РИТМИЧЕСКОЙ КООРДИНАЦИИ
ИГРОКОВ В ГАНДБОЛЕ
Zerf Mohammed — PhD, Physical Education Institute Laboratory OPAPS, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000,
Algeria
E-mail: biomeca.zerf@outlook.com
Аннотация. Все виды спорта требуют координации глаз, рук и/или ног, что важно для тактической подготовки спортсменов. Наш проблема касается профилактики травм, полученных во время игр и тренировок. Разработанная исследователем методика включает в себя движения, которые требуют последовательного и синхронного участия обеих сторон тела, используя сенсорно-моторную способность организовывать временные моторные реакции. Разница между индивидами определяется по времени реакции, времени движения[2], интеллекту [3] и когнитивному контролю как важным и решающим факторам превосходства в индивидуальной координации[4]. По данным аналогичных исследований, в случае коллективных навыков различия касаются пространственно-временного поведения команды[5]. Материалы. Исходя из вышесказанного, цель данного исследования - изучить влияние полученных после игры- навыков на повышение эффективности координации отношений в команде. Методы исследования: для достижения этой цели были отобраны 36 игроков в возрасте 17 лет из разных клубов по гандболу Сиди-Бель-аббесе согласно их квалификации и амплуа в период 2015-2016 гг. по первоначальному тестированию на скорость и зрительно-моторную координацию. Результаты. На основе статистического анализа (р < 0,05) полученных результатов показано, что оценка ритмической координации требует ротации игроков для анализа ошибок в решении двойной задачи координации. В настоящем исследовании подтверждено, что различия фиксировались в пользу разворотов с последующим возвращением. Это связано с использованием традиционных методов обучения и тактических комбинаций, что подтверждается данными аналогичных исследований. Заключение. На основании этих различий, выявленных научно-исследовательской группой, мы рекомендуем нашим тренерам и игрокам развивать ритмическую координацию, основанную не только на технических требованиях, но и на изменении ролевых позиций игроков. [6]. Ключевые слова: пост-игра, навыки, координация, гандбол.
SIGNIFICANCE OF POST-GAME-SPECIFICITY SKILLS COACHING ON RHYTHMIC COUPLING COORDINATION CASE PLAYERS HANDBALL POSITIONS
Zerf Mohammed — PhD, Physical Education Institute Laboratory OPAPS, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000,
Algeria
E-mail: biomeca.zerf@outlook.com
Annotation. Thus, all sports require the coordination of eyes, hands and/or feet as crucial for tactical athletes. Our question based on the injury of post-game training in the development of this quality mortice. Deduced by the researcher, in the case of limbs mainly involves movements, which require the sequential and simultaneous of the both body sides, using the sensor-motor ability to organise the temporal motor responses[1]. Where the differences between individuals are defined in reaction time, time of motion[2], intelligence [3], and cognitive control as essential and decisive factors of superiority in individual dual-task coordination[4]. While in the case of collective skill the differences are related to the team's spatiotemporal behaviour, according to the similar studies[5]. Materials. Through the above, our aims of this current study are to examine the consequence of Post-Game-Specific skills experiences training on income and efficiency in dual-task coordination as their relationships with interlimb coordination rhythmic case rotation as a protocol integrated into the current experience. Research methods: To achieve this goal, 36 players under17years, from different clubs handball Sidi bel abbes were selected by the intentional method, according to their post-game experience (pivots (12)- backcourts (12) -wings (12)) for the years 2015-2016 and their achievements rate eye-hand coordination skills in the initial test. Results. Based on the proposed protocol and applied statistical analysis (P < 0.05). We confirm that assessment of rhythmic coupling coordination requires the integration of the rotation to analyses the defect in individual dual-task coordination. Confirmed in the present study, in the differences recorded in favour of the pivots followed by the backcourts at least for the wing players, due to the conventional training methods and tactical combinations according to similar studies. Condition. Founded on these differences acquired by the research team. We emphasise our coaches and players to develop the Interlimb coordination rhythmic. Founded not only on technical postgame requirements, but also the changes in role positions in the case of wings at least exposed to this skill [6].
Keywords: Post-Game, Specific Skills, Interlimb Coordination rhythmic, handball.
Introduction
Thus, there is such a high degree of coordination required in the execution of offensive and defensive play, mistakes happen. It is honourable to strive for zero mistakes in one's game; however, this is highly unlikely to happen in handball [7]. From this point of view, our comes in this study focused on reports mentioned by Taissir Monssie; that the highest percentage of offensive and defensive technique errors are recorded in the benefit of the Arab national teams. Compared to the European teams in the world championships[8], owing to the ability to solved the tactical problem of
maintaining possession of the ball in an invasion game[9]. Whereas the conservation of the ball in the handball game, request the control of the balls as the key to building the other technical skills, where all players must be encouraged to develop it (individually or collectively in various situation technique and tactics). Because its manipulation brings them the assurance, satisfaction, determination and effectively, to accomplish the other skills. However, Kirk Bizley (2001) are based on the coordination of movement control of the body[10] connected to the time of the movements made by the different body segments. Through this skill is significant in
strategic-tactical abilities, action-regulating skills and processes (feeling, perceiving, visualising, thinking)[11,12].
The objectives of this study have to reveal the advantage and disadvantages of post-game in the training and assessment of rhythmic coupling coordination, in the lack of new technology as Body Sensor Networks[13,14]. Founded on field tests [15]. As tools adopted by the Algerian coach to evaluate this ability, which requires the evaluation of movement efficiency, functional stability, symmetry, balance [16] technics and tactics. As well as the interaction between players physical experience and cognitive [17], resulting in intended actions [18], which depends on sensory and motor system experience, as much as physical or behavioural attributes, depending on approach coordination disorder [19] or oriented coordination [20].
Founded on typical motor performance requirements [21-23], which defines coordination as a motor function involving the body control, timing, even special technical skills [24] and the synchronise of upper and lower limbs [25]. We agreed that the eye-hand coordination is oriented ability, assigned to make synchronized motor responses between hands and visual stimuli[26], allowing the athletes to monitor the vision system to coordinate information received through the eyes to control, guide, and direct the hands in the accomplishment of catching a ball (hand-eye coordination)[27].
In the opposite of eye-hand-foot rotation coordination which is quite difficult then eye-hand coordination, according to David Oatman, et al [28].
Through this scientific evidence, our survey within this modest study, come to examine the effect of Post-Game-Specific Skills training on rhythmic coupling coordination case Players Handball Positions[29,30]. Where the analysis of Europe's best teams confirms the fact, that the current trends and orientations in the game of handball require a more active and efficient presence of wing players in the modern game. Although to achieve this goal, we include the rotation as simultaneous coupling nonhomologous limbs, designate to predict the impact of the Post-game specific requirements(technical requirements )[31] on bimanual Coordination and the rhythmic coordination based on timing and decisionmaking [32,33] in the implementation of the movement.
Research methods and research organization
Subjects
To archive, this goal 36 confirmed handball players category under 17 years, from teams Handball league Sidi bel Abbes, for the year 2015-2016 in Algerian championship, participated in the present study. Divide into three groups, according to their posts game (pivots (12) - backcourts (12) - wings (12)). Their homogeneity was calculated basis on weight (65.04± 6.23), Height (176.12± 4.59), age (15.5±1.22), more than 7 years of experience in this post-game, Ophthalmological examination, vision examination, vision 10/10 in each eye, total mastery the Hand Eye Coordination test as an initial test with a success rate, over than 70% in the initial test. Furthermore, all participants were informed about procedures and all provide written consent. To validate the study protocol, we choose the laboratory OPAPS "Institute of Physical Education of University of Mostaganem". In which our handball and neuropsychology professors have approved it.
Study Design
Since training evaluation is recognised as an important component of the instructional design model[34], our models in this study based on Psychomotor tests that
measure dexterity, hand-eye coordination, arm-hand steadiness, and other factors[35].
Where the current objective of the study is to examine the implications of postgame specific skills experience training on income and efficiency in dual-task coordination. All the participants were tested in two situations "Hand-Eye Test", and the test eye-hand-foot rotation as a simultaneous coupling non-homologous limbs, approved by Maria Bernard, et al [36] as test space relations and space positions. While Cyrill Stachniss, et al. mentioned the rotation processes in this test as mental rotation test,
which is mostly an eye-hand coordination task[37].
Seen the both tests are a valid test in evaluating the ability of the athlete's vision system to coordinate the information received through the eyes to control, guide, and direct the hands in the accomplishment of catching a ball (hand-eye coordination)[38]. The outcome of the both test, It was evaluated by the assistant counting the number of catches and stops the test after 30 seconds. Moreover, to categories the results, we used the normative data listed in, Table 1. [39]
Table 1. Shows the normative data, hand-eye coordination test using in the current study
Age Excellent Above Average Average Below Average Poor
15-16 years >35 30 - 35 25 - 29 20 - 24 <20
Figure 1. Measure hand-eye coordination in the case of our study
Statistical Analyses
Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 22.0 for Windows (32BIT). Data obtained from the tests showed a normal distribution, present as a mean ± standard deviation. ANOVA was conducted to collect the results obtained from the two case plans. LSD to determine the difference between the post-game. The relationship between the two proposed situations was analysed by Pearson correlations (r).
Table 2. Shows the Characteristics of
Research results and their discussion
The characteristics of the total study sample studied are presented in Table 2. All comparisons with the Shapiro-Wilk test shows the normality and Levene's test Statistic shows the homogeneity. The total sample is above the average in the both tests, according to normative data presenting in Table 1, which assures to the user the validity and credibility of its protocol.
sample in the variables chosen to study
N Mean ± S. D Shapiro-Wilk Levene's test
Stat Stat Stat Sig Stat Sig.
Weight 36 65.04± 6.23 0.97 0.12 2.09 0.13
Height 176.12± 4.59 0.99 0.36 0,25 0.78
hand-eye coordination(initial test) 33.16±1.67 0.94 0.17 0,33 0.72
hand-eye coordination(with rotation) 30.56± 2.29 0.95 0.09 0,84 0.44
On behalf of the Table 3. the ANOVA one way is not significant, the case of the situation initial test, while these results approve that hand-eye coordination is an essential handball skill [40], confirmed by the suitable level realized by our total sample in this oriented task in the opposite of rotation situation, which stands the user to calculi the LSD see Table 4.
However, all the relationships calculate between the proposed situations are strong positive significant at p-value<0.001. Moreover, the meaning of Anova in situation 2 confirms the indication provided by David Oatman, et al [28] that the eye-hand-foot rotation coordination is quite difficult then eye-hand coordination.
Table 3. ANOVA one-way and the correlation between post-game in the two situations.
variables N Mean ± S. D F P<0.05 R R-2
hand-eye coordination(initial test) pivots 12 33.41±1.62 0.07 0.93 0.69** 0.47
backcourts 12 33.25±1.54
wings 12 33.16±1.95
hand-eye coordination(with rotation) pivots 12 32.25±1.48 13.16 0.00
backcourts 12 30.83±1.86
wings 12 28.58±1.92
Though the Table 4. LSD is significant at p-value <0.05 in the benefit of pivot flown by backs, at last average for the wings. While these results are in accordance with the statistical record in French first league team. Where the average game rotations are in the benefit of pivots post-game follow by backs
and wings at least engaged in these actions, according to Claude Karcher ,et al[41]. Confirmed by Anders Drachen, et al. in the case of zone changes, distribution of team members and skill level of teams tactical behaviours[42].
Table 4. Post hoc multiple comparisons LSD between post-game in the two situations.
Dependent variable Average Difference (I-J) P<0.05
hand-eye coordination(with rotation) pivots backcourts 1.41667 0.06
wings 3.66667* 0.00
backcourts pivots -1.41667 0.06
wings 2.25000* 0.00
Through the results Table 2, 3 and 4. Based on statistical analysis applied. We confirm:
Handball is an event which requires precise, complicated eye-hand coordination and involving a combination of several athletes for a team-effort[43].
While the results of this study are in conformity with the principle that test eye-hand-foot rotation activities coordination is quite difficult then eye-hand coordination [28].
Which guide user to agree that eye-hand coordination is an action game that emphasises reaction time, hand- eye coordination[44] in the oppose of the rotation situation, which requiring hand-eye
coordination and foot agility to regains proprioception and confidence in the knee faster [45] as global body coordination[46]. Whereas our results are in conformity with the indications proposed Byarzaru Cristina Georgiana, et al[47] that The analysis of Europe's best teams confirms the fact that the current trends and orientations in the game of handball require a more active and efficient presence of wing players in the modern game.
Inspecting the actual results, we guide to subjected to our coaches that they must base their training methods, according to requirements imposed on handball players and handball teams, in predominantly with the game's technical-tactical, which requires changes in roles between positions as well as the intelligence tests to evaluate the progress [48] of their players. Founded on the superiority of individual in dual-task of coordination, under the opponents' pressure in various positions, which allow the player, to avoid consciousness [49,50] imposed in tactics combines (offensive and Defensive), as adjusted decision makers conducting the player to remove the conflict attitude or behavior [51] in unusual positions the case of rotation. Where wing is less prone to these attitudes.
In contrast, of pivots and blackouts were their game positions push them to more confrontation and change of direction [52]. Confirmed by Dorothy Zakrajsek, et al [53] as tactical reasons, guiding the backcourt and pivots to rotate between every ball. Although our results are conformity with the analyses kinematics studies, the case of wing post player which action faster breaks, less physical confrontations [54] and a minus rotating than backcourt players and pivots [41] at less experienced players, according to David M. Lindsay, et al[55].
According to our wings results, we agree that rotation as additional motor duty is a conflicting attitudes job [56] related to experience motor behaviours competence[57].
From the above, we agree that the training deficit hypothesis for unstructured behaviours (recreation) is an attitude of direct experience [58], which has an impact on what
we do[59]. While our results advice that structural adaptations in rotating return to synchronisation simultaneous coupling coordination of the upper and lower limbs referring to the ability of the player to synchronise limbs with a systematic kinematics rhythmic coordination eye-hand-foot, advanced to his experience motor behaviours training. Whereas according to Tatiana Bobbio, et al, we support that the rhythmic coordination of non-homologous limbs (e.g., hand and foot) are more difficult than bimanual movements due to mechanical differences between the limbs[25].
In conclusion, we agree that motor coordination is achieved when the later parts of the same movement or the movements of several limbs or parts of the body are combined in a manner that is well timed, smooth and effective in relation to the intended purpose. Whereas given the limitations of this study, we approve that the post-game as a method of training affects negatively the global coordination in the opposite of fine motor coordination skills [60].
Conclusion
Handball is a good sport for hand-eye coordination [61]. While the eye-hand-foot rotation coordination is quite difficult than the eye-hand coordination [28]. Since that, we recommended our coaches to use the eye-hand-foot as an initial test to evaluation the difficult in rhythmic coupling coordination [62]. Confirmed in the present study, in the differences recorded in favours of the pivots followed by the back courts at least for the wing players, due to the conventional training methods and tactical combinations according to similar studies[63,64,65]. Evidence, which requested from our coaches to engage the player/team in unusual play conditions than the routine test or exercise as a models feedback[66]. Because the player's commitment in the unusual situation depends on its experience[67,68,69] related to its strategic decision-making, according to Albert Ziegler [70]. However, in this field, the recent similar studies confirm that there is a lack of
training studies, especially in team-handball specific training as well as cognition of post-game[12,71].
Practical implications
To conclude, we emphasise our coaches and players to develop them combine motor vessels not only based on weaknesses or mistakes observed in their performance depending on demand positions[6], while this practice settings training improve oriented tasks, which do not meet Inter-limb Rotation Coordination rhythmic the case of wings. In accordance, on one hand, that the information might be helpful for the assessment and evaluation of zero mistakes (individuals and collective) and may help to develop and optimise position-specific training corresponding to the defects of the Feedback relating to the position of play [72,73]. While on other hand these findings have important implications for evaluating of decisionmaking relating to motor disorders[74], while the complete feedback must be founded on the effects of different environmental conditions; different stimuli; instructional approaches; practice schedule order; implicit/explicit learning and training performance under pressure[75]. The case of the current study which integrates the coordination Disorder as dissonance intelligence method testing[14].
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges the participation of the players and coaches from the Sunshine Coast Handball Club for participating in the current study.
Author Contributions
The author Conceived and designed the study; Performed the experiment; Analysed the data and Wrote the paper.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest.
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Authors information
Zerf Mohammed — PhD, Physical Education Institute Laboratory OPAPS, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem 27000, Algeria, E-mail: biomeca.zerf@outlook. com
For citations: Zerf Mohammed Significance of Post-Game-Specificity Skills Coaching on Rhythmic Coupling Coordination Case Players Handball Positions, The Russian journal ofphysical education and sport (pedagogico-psychological and medico-biological problems of physical culture and sports), 2017, Vol. 12, No.3, pp. 21-29. DOI 10.14526/03_2017_230
DOI 10.14526/03_2017_231
УДК 796.422 ББК 75.711.5
ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТЬ БЕГА НА 400м КВАЛИФИЦИРОВАННЫХ СПОРТСМЕНОК 17-20 ЛЕТ
Е.А. Анисимова - кандидат педагогических наук А.Н. Катенков - аспирант Л.Д. Назаренко - доктор педагогических наук, профессор ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государственный педагогический университет имени И.Н.
Ульянова»,
площадь 100-летия со дня рождения В.И. Ленина, г. Ульяновск, Россия, 432700
Е-mail: ld nazarenko@mail. ru
Аннотация. Бег на 400м является одним из наиболее сложных по технике, так как данная дистанция является пограничной между короткими (100 и 200 м) и средней (800м) дистанциями и для сохранения высокой скорости бега требуется скоростная выносливость. Особенностью данной дистанции является ее сравнительная непродолжительность при высоких требованиях к сохранению скоростного режима нервно-мышечной деятельности, что не обеспечивает согласованности в деятельности двигательных и вегетативных функций и связано со сложными механизмами работы центральной нервной системы. Материал. Изучение различных подходов к совершенствованию техники бега на 400 м, представленных в специальной литературе, а также их анализ, позволивший сосредоточить внимание на ведущих структурных компонентах техники бега на данную дистанцию. Методы: анализ и обобщение научной и научно-методической литературы, педагогический эксперимент, тестирование, киносъемка, статистическая обработка данных. Результаты. Совершенствование индивидуальной технической подготовки бегуний возможно при выявлении факторов, определяющих проявление их скоростных качеств, знание которых позволило разработать методику технической подготовки квалифицированных бегуний 17-20 лет в беге на 400 м. В
