CC BY
0THE TEXT OF A LETTER AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS AND ITS GENRE CHARACTERISTICS Ashurova Muxayyoxon Sanjarbek qizi
Andijan State Institute of Foreign Languages https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11098977
Abstract. This article examines the meaning and use of the text of a letter as an important and integral part of the communication process, as well as the genre characteristics of the text of a letter. Examples of the text of letters in English and Uzbek languages are given, and their similarities and differences are analyzed.
Keywords: information, e-mail, text messages communication, addresser, addressee, internet.
Аннотация. В данной статье рассматривается значение и использование текста письма как важной и неотъемлемой части процесса общения, а также жанровые характеристики текста письма. Приводятся примеры текста писем на английском и узбекском языках, анализируются их сходства и различия.
Ключевые слова: информация, электронная почта, текстовые сообщения общение, адресат, адресант, интернет.
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada xat matnining kommunikatsiya jarayonining muhim va ajralmas qismi sifatidagi ahamiyati va qo'llanilishi, shuningdek, xat matninig janr xususiyatlari haqida so'z yuritiladi. Ingliz va O'zbek tillaridagi tillardagi xatlar matniga misollar keltirilib, ulardagi o'xshashlik va farqli jihatlari tahlil qilinadi.
Kalit so'zlar: axborot, elektron pochta, matnli xabarlar, kommunikatsiya, adresat, adresant, internet.
INTRODUCTION. The word "Xat" in Arabic is a written text sent from one person to another, containing certain information. This word is also referred to as "maktub", "noma", which has the same meaning as above. [3, 225]
A letter is one of the integral parts of the communication process and is used as the main means of exchanging information and expressing one's thoughts between people. Letters are delivered in written form and provide an exchange of information between the addresser and the addressee through a response or answer to them.
Letters are usually delivered in writing, but nowadays can also be sent via e-mail, text messages, or Internet chats. Letters are considered an important tool for strengthening communication between people. Text communication includes creating, delivering, presenting and receiving a message, detailing and supporting.
MAIN PART. The letter is one of the first inventions of mankind, and after the appearance of writing, it served as the main type of interpersonal communication and continues to do so. As a means of communication, letters are sent and received by mail, telegraph, fax, and the Internet. Such letters are called personal letters. Letters that are of interest to society at one level or another and are important are valued as letters of social significance. Such letters are delivered to the masses through written literature and journalism. Such letters, which reflect facts, events and incidents in one or another sphere of society, give some news to the public opinion, and arouse thoughts, are also related to publicism and journalism. That is, a person informs about any facts, events, events in life through the means of journalism, expresses his opinion about them, or asks
for help on any issue, complains and etc. Therefore, a letter is an important tool that connects a person with society and, in turn, society with a person [3, 226].
The communicative features of the text of the letter are reflected in the following:
1. Language and style: the text of the letter reflects the language and style of writing. This feature ensures that the writing is received and understood.
2. Content: The information and ideas conveyed in the text of the letter are distinguished by the importance of the content. It is important that the content is accurate and clear.
3. Literacy: The text of the letter should follow the rules of literature. It includes language, style, manner of speaking and other literary features.
4. Discussion: The text of the letter should clearly show the presence of discussion and debate skills. This provides an opportunity to establish two-way communication and exchange ideas.
5. Confirmation or denial: The text of the letter should contain elements necessary to confirm and support or deny the ideas and information.
These features determine the communicative characteristics of the text of the letter and provide the content, purpose and discussion possibilities of the writing.
It is known that all types of letters serve to establish a communicative relationship between the participants of the dialogue: the addresser and the addressee. Even in cases where there is no requirement to respond to letters, the addressee enters into a secret communication with the addressee who sends it through the letter, that is, he becomes aware of a certain message or gets some information through the letter. In such a situation, a communication environment, a speech situation occurs between the addressee, that is, the sender of the letter and the receiver-addressee[6,
83].
In particular, informational letters serve to inform the addressee about the event or conference being held or to deliver a message to him as information. In this situation, the addressee and the addressee enter into a communicative relationship by means of an information letter: one sends a message, the other receives it.
The communicative function of the text of letters is clarified through communicative effectiveness. When letters are answered, explanations are given, or instructions and recommendations specified in the letter are followed, requests or assignments are fulfilled, communicative tasks are achieved through letters. Communicative effectiveness can be achieved through letters written in a short, clear and fluent style, in compliance with language norms [6,
84].
There can be different genres of letters and some of them are:
• Official letters: Letters written by government, business or other official organizations. They can usually be formal in style and pictorial:
O'zbekiston Respublikasi Prezidenti Dear Mr. President-Elect:
Shavkat Mirziyoyev janobi oliylariga Please accept my warm
Janobi Oliylari, Sizni O'zbekiston congratulations on your victory and my best Respublikasi Mustaqilligining 27 yillik wishes for your success as you prepare to bayrami bilan muborakbod etishga ijozat take up the responsibilities and challenges of bergaysiz. O'zbekiston Respublikasi xalqiga your high office...
bundan buyon ham ravnaq, baxt-saodat va I look forward to working with you
farovonlik tilayman. not only to develop closer relations between
our countries but also to concert our efforts
Yelizaveta Ikkinchi. Buyuk Britaniya in the cause of peace and the brotherhood of va Shimoliy Irlandiya Birlashgan Qirolligi all peoples.
Qirolichasi. Sincerely, RICHARD NIXON.
• Informal letters: Letters exchanged between friends or relatives. They can usually be written in an informal style, including emojis or fun text colors.
Dear John, Qadrdonim Nigora,
Hope you are safe and protected. It's Sen bilan ko'rishmaganimizga ham
been a long time since we last met. I have bir oydanoshdi. Yozgi ta'tilingni bobongning been quite busy recently. I had a day offfrom qishlog'ida yaxshi o'tkizyapsanmi? Shahar work today and so decided to write a letter to hayotini sog'ingandursan. Seni juda ham you asking about you and your family. sog'indim. Kelasi hafta men ham qishloqqa
I am fine here. I have recently started boraman va sen bilan ko'rishaman. learning French and have completed a few Engyaqin do'sting,
modules. Next week I am taking the last exam and will be soon graduating. I also started cooking due to the lockdown and will be attaching a few pictures of the dishes I learned to cook Mom and Dad are fine and they quite often miss you.
Lots of Love
Angela.
• Business letters: Letters exchanged between employees within businesses or organizations. They are usually written in a formal style and for the purpose of sharing information.
Dear Calista Merritt,
I am writing this letter to inform you about the Liberal Arts department workshop which is going to be held on April 19th, 2019. With this workshop, the employees under the Liberal Arts department will have the opportunity to interact with important business leaders in our locality.
This workshop will be conducted at the Plaza Student Center at Delhi University. This event will start from 10 a.m. and will last for 3-4 hours. A table can be reserved for the interested employees before the workshop upon doing the registration.
Thank you for your time and hoping to hear from you sooner.
Sincerely,
Zephaniah Sanders
• Promotional letters: Letters written for the purpose of advertising products or services. They can usually be for performance style and presentation purposes.
Dear Edward Nieves,
This is to state that you are offered the role of Senior Manager in DigitalSoft Technologies. The compensation amount will be 15, 23456INR which is as per market standards. If you accept this offer we will start our joining process on 01st Dec 2015 and your offered salary will be effective from the same date.
Please write us back on your decision. We will be waiting for your positive response.
Sincerely,
Imani Talley
Complaint letters: Complaints or suggestions sent by customers to organizations. They should be written in a formal and acceptable style to be acceptable.
Dear Mr. Brown,
I am writing on behalf of my son, Bob, who is on the local baseball team. He has told me, and I have observed, that on numerous occasions during the current baseball season, he has been unfairly excluded from fully participating in baseball games and activities. Needless to say, this has created some serious interpersonal and confidence issues for Bob.
Please call me as soon as possible at 383-3829 so that we can discuss this issue and determine the best way to resolve this. Thanks for your time and for working with us to create a positive outcome for this situation.
Sincerely,
Jane White.
• Letters of Execution: Letters written as a style of execution. They are written appropriately and used for practices.
Dear Sir.
We thank you for your order No. p-3-7 dated September l, 2012 for various paints. The order is in the process of execution and it will be dispatched on 8th September, by our Motor van. We have taken special care for the quality and packing of the paints and we hope that you willfind them highly satisfactory.
We thank you again for your kind offer of the paints and hope that you -will extend your similar co-operation in the future.
With best regards
Yours faithfully
A K Rahman
Sales Manager
Each type of letter has its own characteristics and goals. Letters can have different characteristics according to the cover, purpose, discussion and reception processes of writing and text.
CONCLUSION. As can be seen from the above information, letters are one of the integral parts of the communication process and are used as one of the main means of exchanging information and expressing one's thoughts between people. So, based on the analysis of the communicative and genre features of the text of letters, which are an important means of communication between people, the following conclusions can be summarized:
- The text of official letters provides a communicative connection between the participants of the speech, that is, the addresser and the addressee, creates a communication environment, a speech situation;
- The text of official letters will have a sign of communicative effectiveness;
- Communicative features of letters provide the content, purpose and discussion possibilities of the text of the letter;
- Letters can have different characteristics according to the cover, purpose, discussion and acceptance processes of writing and text;
- Each letter genre has its own characteristics and goals.
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